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VOL. LVIL INDIANAPOLIS, IND., OCT. 4, 1902. NO. 40 I BALANCE| t of THIS YEAR t ♦ • ♦ ♦ r IV. E E*. ♦ •*•*•*•♦•♦••:.•*.•••:••♦•*•♦•♦••->• Note the following points: 1. Single Subscribers, one rear, 60 cents. 2. One old and one new subscriber, one year, $1. 3. Anyone sending $1 gets tbe Farmer for two years. 4. All new subscribers for oue year get balance of this year free. Wbat an Old Reader Says. Editors Indiana Farmer: I have been a constant reader of the Farmer for about 30 years, and among the several agricultural papers I constantly read, I think the Farmer is by far the best of them all. It covers the whole field of practical agriculture, general farming, live stock farming, and all other kinds of farming, in the most practical and helpful way of all the papers published in this and five other States. What I like so well in the Indiana Farmer is, that it gives us neat and practical things about all kinds of agriculture and live stock farming, along with the best things from the Experiment Stations of the various States, and is always up-to-date in all these things. I would not be without the Indiana Farmer for the cost of it five times over. Send it to me for another year. An Old Reader. Coles Co.. 111. The above is a sample of thousands of letters received from old readers of the Indiana Farmer, and they speak for themselves. 30,000 New Readers. We expect to add 30.000 new subscribers to our lists between October 1, 190-J. and April I, 1903. To this end we ask every one of our present subscribers to see a neighbor not taking the Farmer, and send in Jfl for both. Please do this between now and Christmas, and we will semi all the greatest Holiday number ever issued. Address INDIANA FARMER CO. Indianapolis, Ind. The Use of Lime and Gypsum. Editors Indians Farmer: Notwithstanding all that has been said and written about lime nnd gypsum (or land plaster), there is still much conjecturing in the agricultural world as to tbeir real function in crop growth and soil improvement. They are continually being confounded with commercial fertilizers and are *"ii- sidered such by many. Fertilizers nre simply readily available plant food and not properly stimulants at all. Such things as lime and plaster mny well be denominated stimulants, since they have the effect of bringing into use matters already in the soil, and enable the cultivator to exhaust more rapidly the plant food that in the ordinary course of events would come into use more slowly. It can therefore be readily seen that the continuous and intelligent use of these ingredients, while they may appear profitable for a time, will have only the ulti mate result of impoverishing the soil. This being done by ignorant parties in some localities has given rise to the belief that concentrated fertilizers are only stimulants, and like all other stimulants, the after effect is exhaustion. This however is an error. Fertilizers are simply commercial plant food, supplying to the soil and plant the needed potash, phosphoric acid and nitrogen, tbe same ingredients that are supplied in the barn* yard manure, only in a more concentrated form. But lime and plaster have their respective places on the farm, and when kept in their places are found to be of value. There is a well-known adage that the only way to know if land wants lime is to try it. Theoretically, a soil should contain three per cent of lime in connection with the percentage of vegetable matter and mineral plant food. The mechanical action of lime is to render heavy soils more porousandlightsoils more tenacious. It is valuable where applied to soils abounding in inert organic matter, like peaty, because it not only furnishes a supply of lime for the plants which tenant such soils, but caustic lime tends to bring any dead vegetable matter which they may contain into a state of decomposition, so as to render them soluble in water and so more available as food for growing plants. It also assists in pulverizing impervious clays by acting chemically upon the silicates therein, dissolving out a portion of the silica and liberating some mineral plant food. When used for this purpose it should be applied quite liberally but not repeated oftener than every three years. It also hastens the decay of table manures and putrecent substances, and may be sprinkled over them when plowed into the soil, but not allowed to be added for any length of time to heaps of manure, for it drives off any ammonia already formed and ultimately reduces the action of same. The use of gypsum or land plaster is advocated by some who say that it attracts ammonia from the air. This, however is not true, except in a sense. Gypsum is soluble in rain water and rain water contains carbonate of ammonia. Thus it enters into a combination with the sulphuric acid of gypsum and sulphate at ammonia is formed, and carbonate of lime is also formed; that is, the ammonia gives up its carbonic acid and takes sulphuric acid and the gypsum vice versa, according to well known laws of chemical affinity. Uypsum is not a manure itself. It is only beneficial in connection with manures, soils containing humus, or is otherwise fertile in organic matter, though the fertility may be locked up from insolubility. In* the same way it fixes the ammonia of stable mnniirc, while the action of lime would render the ammonia still more volatile. But even as a retainer of ammonia it is not so good ns kainit (a crude potash). By sprinkling a couple of handsful of kainit for each horseorcowovertheheap daily, not only retnins the ammonia but enriches the manure in vnlunble potash. From the foregoing it will be seen thnt lime and land plaster are merely indirect fertilizers. If a fertilizer is needed, instead of investing in these cheap stimulants, purchase a complete fertilizer,;—one rich in nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash. This is especially adapted for heavy clays nnd soils depleted by the use of land plaster. For marsh and peaty lands use only the mineral plant food, a composition containing a liberal amount of phosphoric acid and at least eight per cent potash. D. I. Duncan. Importance of the Corn Crop. Editor* Indian* Fanner: The great national crop will probably receive more attention this year than ever. The short crop of last year and resulting high prices will have the effect* of increasing the acreage devoted to this grain, and if it should also have a tendency toward a better cultivation there may be with favorable conditions a record breaker at harvest time, in yield equal to that of wheat last year. We shall expect it will be planted all over the United States wherever it is adapted, and that is nearly every State in the Union, In the West and Southwest it will be grown for home use and as a special money crop; in the more central States for both grain and fodder, largely for use on the farm; while at the East the principal object will be the production on a large scale of the cheapest and most productive crop for fodder. While at the East there is much more land devoted to corn than there was a dozen years ago, yet there is not nearly as much grown for the grain as there was. It is either put in the silo or cured to feed dry in winter. An Ohio farmer and lecturer who attended the agricultural institute in Vermont for five weeks during the past winter, and so had opportunity for learning much concerning the corn crop and its disposition here, says there is four times as much corn grown in this State as five j ears ago. That appears to be a large increase certainly, and as not more than one-fourth is husked it clearly indicates the favor in which this crop is held by the farmers as a fodder product for stock and especially cows. No doubt this is the case to a greater or less extent at least in the eastern part of the United States, so we can see at once the great value placed on the crop for this particular purpose. So while there will be a vast area devoted to the production of corn, as will be seen, there will be a liberal production that will be for fodder alone and so will not count in the item of grain. But aside from this in the large corn growing States, the grain will be the particular object sought although the rest of the crop should be made the most of, —and on this will be based largely the extent of the crop in this country. What an advantage there is in the fact that there are varieties of corn adapted to all parts of the country, whether the season is long or short. Although the planting is done so early in the west and south, it is quite probable that the crop does not ripen much, if any' earlier than here in northern Vermont, but the growth of both grain and fodder is greater. Here is where farmers should be careful in adapting varieties of corn to the localities in which it is to be grown, easiness being a first requisite, that is sufficiently early to mature before there is a liability of frost. A good preparation of the soil for this crop with sufficient fertilization are large factors for a good outcome at harvest time; nnd a thorough cultivation during the period of growth will have much to do with the final result There shonld be no more corn planted than can be cared for in the best manner, as the number of acres will not count as much in the end as a timely and painstaking care of the crop. Franklin* County, Vermont. About 400,000 larks a year are sent from the continent to the London markets. A College ln Every Home. Editors Indians Farmer: During these days when the doors of a hundred thousand schools are opening to receive the youth of the land, the mother and fathers and ambitious young people who must stay at home are hungering for educational opportunities. They realize that, other things being equal, position, usefulness and happiness are in proportion to culture, and they long for some plans that will help them to turn their spare moments iuto school and college terms. Complex modern life and the battle for material existence leave the world no more of the old spare time leisure for mental and spiritual culture. And so everywhere people are hungering for intellectual food and craving mental stimulus and would be grateful for some plan that would offer guidance and help. These reflections come to me forcibly during a delightful outing this year at Bay View, the great summer educational centre, in Northern Michigan. I found there and studied a new educational movement which I feel sure many readers of the Indiana Farmer will be glad to know about. A few years ago, Mr. J. M.Hall.ayoung lawyer was at the head of a large young people's Bible class and in his desire to give the members a better prospect in life he established a reading club which soon became widely known. Others from fnr and wide began calling for his plans, and to meet the growing demand for self-culture plans, the Bay View Reading Club was established. Mr. Hall still remains at the head of the work, which he directs from the headquarters on Boston Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan nnd without courting publicity the organization has not only spread over this country but has entered Canada, Mexico, Germany, China and the Hawaii Islands. Sir. Hall's genius in conducting club studies is everywhere recognized by women's cubs, of which more than three hundred and fifty have in the past 15 months adopted the Bay View course. The plans are simple, but there is intelligent system; and history, and literature and travel are deftly joined in a reading journey of a most delightful character. I learned that last year the members were on a study tour of Italy, Greece and Switzerland but this year onr own country, the best of all lands, will be studied, in its history, literature, art and institutions. A month will also be spent in Mexico. During the summer I often met at the annual gatherings at Bay View, the members from many states and always heard from them the most enthusiastic reports. The members were mostly like myself, bread winners, and the course has been carried on in the brief pauses in the day's occupation. But daily I heard in the elegant conversation and saw in the intelligent faces the marked transforation wrought when people read for a purpose. This is not the place to enter into a description of the plans of the Bay View reading course,—a card addressed to Mr. Hall will always secure them. I concerned more in reviving the hope of the busy women and aspiring young people to again take up the pleasures of books and study, for which this reading course seems to me to offer the best practical plans. I am sure a great many who are looking for feasible suggestions for winter reading will thank the editor for publishing this article. Dorothy Stiles. Bluffton.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1902, v. 57, no. 40 (Oct. 4) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA5740 |
Date of Original | 1902 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-03-21 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | VOL. LVIL INDIANAPOLIS, IND., OCT. 4, 1902. NO. 40 I BALANCE| t of THIS YEAR t ♦ • ♦ ♦ r IV. E E*. ♦ •*•*•*•♦•♦••:.•*.•••:••♦•*•♦•♦••->• Note the following points: 1. Single Subscribers, one rear, 60 cents. 2. One old and one new subscriber, one year, $1. 3. Anyone sending $1 gets tbe Farmer for two years. 4. All new subscribers for oue year get balance of this year free. Wbat an Old Reader Says. Editors Indiana Farmer: I have been a constant reader of the Farmer for about 30 years, and among the several agricultural papers I constantly read, I think the Farmer is by far the best of them all. It covers the whole field of practical agriculture, general farming, live stock farming, and all other kinds of farming, in the most practical and helpful way of all the papers published in this and five other States. What I like so well in the Indiana Farmer is, that it gives us neat and practical things about all kinds of agriculture and live stock farming, along with the best things from the Experiment Stations of the various States, and is always up-to-date in all these things. I would not be without the Indiana Farmer for the cost of it five times over. Send it to me for another year. An Old Reader. Coles Co.. 111. The above is a sample of thousands of letters received from old readers of the Indiana Farmer, and they speak for themselves. 30,000 New Readers. We expect to add 30.000 new subscribers to our lists between October 1, 190-J. and April I, 1903. To this end we ask every one of our present subscribers to see a neighbor not taking the Farmer, and send in Jfl for both. Please do this between now and Christmas, and we will semi all the greatest Holiday number ever issued. Address INDIANA FARMER CO. Indianapolis, Ind. The Use of Lime and Gypsum. Editors Indians Farmer: Notwithstanding all that has been said and written about lime nnd gypsum (or land plaster), there is still much conjecturing in the agricultural world as to tbeir real function in crop growth and soil improvement. They are continually being confounded with commercial fertilizers and are *"ii- sidered such by many. Fertilizers nre simply readily available plant food and not properly stimulants at all. Such things as lime and plaster mny well be denominated stimulants, since they have the effect of bringing into use matters already in the soil, and enable the cultivator to exhaust more rapidly the plant food that in the ordinary course of events would come into use more slowly. It can therefore be readily seen that the continuous and intelligent use of these ingredients, while they may appear profitable for a time, will have only the ulti mate result of impoverishing the soil. This being done by ignorant parties in some localities has given rise to the belief that concentrated fertilizers are only stimulants, and like all other stimulants, the after effect is exhaustion. This however is an error. Fertilizers are simply commercial plant food, supplying to the soil and plant the needed potash, phosphoric acid and nitrogen, tbe same ingredients that are supplied in the barn* yard manure, only in a more concentrated form. But lime and plaster have their respective places on the farm, and when kept in their places are found to be of value. There is a well-known adage that the only way to know if land wants lime is to try it. Theoretically, a soil should contain three per cent of lime in connection with the percentage of vegetable matter and mineral plant food. The mechanical action of lime is to render heavy soils more porousandlightsoils more tenacious. It is valuable where applied to soils abounding in inert organic matter, like peaty, because it not only furnishes a supply of lime for the plants which tenant such soils, but caustic lime tends to bring any dead vegetable matter which they may contain into a state of decomposition, so as to render them soluble in water and so more available as food for growing plants. It also assists in pulverizing impervious clays by acting chemically upon the silicates therein, dissolving out a portion of the silica and liberating some mineral plant food. When used for this purpose it should be applied quite liberally but not repeated oftener than every three years. It also hastens the decay of table manures and putrecent substances, and may be sprinkled over them when plowed into the soil, but not allowed to be added for any length of time to heaps of manure, for it drives off any ammonia already formed and ultimately reduces the action of same. The use of gypsum or land plaster is advocated by some who say that it attracts ammonia from the air. This, however is not true, except in a sense. Gypsum is soluble in rain water and rain water contains carbonate of ammonia. Thus it enters into a combination with the sulphuric acid of gypsum and sulphate at ammonia is formed, and carbonate of lime is also formed; that is, the ammonia gives up its carbonic acid and takes sulphuric acid and the gypsum vice versa, according to well known laws of chemical affinity. Uypsum is not a manure itself. It is only beneficial in connection with manures, soils containing humus, or is otherwise fertile in organic matter, though the fertility may be locked up from insolubility. In* the same way it fixes the ammonia of stable mnniirc, while the action of lime would render the ammonia still more volatile. But even as a retainer of ammonia it is not so good ns kainit (a crude potash). By sprinkling a couple of handsful of kainit for each horseorcowovertheheap daily, not only retnins the ammonia but enriches the manure in vnlunble potash. From the foregoing it will be seen thnt lime and land plaster are merely indirect fertilizers. If a fertilizer is needed, instead of investing in these cheap stimulants, purchase a complete fertilizer,;—one rich in nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash. This is especially adapted for heavy clays nnd soils depleted by the use of land plaster. For marsh and peaty lands use only the mineral plant food, a composition containing a liberal amount of phosphoric acid and at least eight per cent potash. D. I. Duncan. Importance of the Corn Crop. Editor* Indian* Fanner: The great national crop will probably receive more attention this year than ever. The short crop of last year and resulting high prices will have the effect* of increasing the acreage devoted to this grain, and if it should also have a tendency toward a better cultivation there may be with favorable conditions a record breaker at harvest time, in yield equal to that of wheat last year. We shall expect it will be planted all over the United States wherever it is adapted, and that is nearly every State in the Union, In the West and Southwest it will be grown for home use and as a special money crop; in the more central States for both grain and fodder, largely for use on the farm; while at the East the principal object will be the production on a large scale of the cheapest and most productive crop for fodder. While at the East there is much more land devoted to corn than there was a dozen years ago, yet there is not nearly as much grown for the grain as there was. It is either put in the silo or cured to feed dry in winter. An Ohio farmer and lecturer who attended the agricultural institute in Vermont for five weeks during the past winter, and so had opportunity for learning much concerning the corn crop and its disposition here, says there is four times as much corn grown in this State as five j ears ago. That appears to be a large increase certainly, and as not more than one-fourth is husked it clearly indicates the favor in which this crop is held by the farmers as a fodder product for stock and especially cows. No doubt this is the case to a greater or less extent at least in the eastern part of the United States, so we can see at once the great value placed on the crop for this particular purpose. So while there will be a vast area devoted to the production of corn, as will be seen, there will be a liberal production that will be for fodder alone and so will not count in the item of grain. But aside from this in the large corn growing States, the grain will be the particular object sought although the rest of the crop should be made the most of, —and on this will be based largely the extent of the crop in this country. What an advantage there is in the fact that there are varieties of corn adapted to all parts of the country, whether the season is long or short. Although the planting is done so early in the west and south, it is quite probable that the crop does not ripen much, if any' earlier than here in northern Vermont, but the growth of both grain and fodder is greater. Here is where farmers should be careful in adapting varieties of corn to the localities in which it is to be grown, easiness being a first requisite, that is sufficiently early to mature before there is a liability of frost. A good preparation of the soil for this crop with sufficient fertilization are large factors for a good outcome at harvest time; nnd a thorough cultivation during the period of growth will have much to do with the final result There shonld be no more corn planted than can be cared for in the best manner, as the number of acres will not count as much in the end as a timely and painstaking care of the crop. Franklin* County, Vermont. About 400,000 larks a year are sent from the continent to the London markets. A College ln Every Home. Editors Indians Farmer: During these days when the doors of a hundred thousand schools are opening to receive the youth of the land, the mother and fathers and ambitious young people who must stay at home are hungering for educational opportunities. They realize that, other things being equal, position, usefulness and happiness are in proportion to culture, and they long for some plans that will help them to turn their spare moments iuto school and college terms. Complex modern life and the battle for material existence leave the world no more of the old spare time leisure for mental and spiritual culture. And so everywhere people are hungering for intellectual food and craving mental stimulus and would be grateful for some plan that would offer guidance and help. These reflections come to me forcibly during a delightful outing this year at Bay View, the great summer educational centre, in Northern Michigan. I found there and studied a new educational movement which I feel sure many readers of the Indiana Farmer will be glad to know about. A few years ago, Mr. J. M.Hall.ayoung lawyer was at the head of a large young people's Bible class and in his desire to give the members a better prospect in life he established a reading club which soon became widely known. Others from fnr and wide began calling for his plans, and to meet the growing demand for self-culture plans, the Bay View Reading Club was established. Mr. Hall still remains at the head of the work, which he directs from the headquarters on Boston Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan nnd without courting publicity the organization has not only spread over this country but has entered Canada, Mexico, Germany, China and the Hawaii Islands. Sir. Hall's genius in conducting club studies is everywhere recognized by women's cubs, of which more than three hundred and fifty have in the past 15 months adopted the Bay View course. The plans are simple, but there is intelligent system; and history, and literature and travel are deftly joined in a reading journey of a most delightful character. I learned that last year the members were on a study tour of Italy, Greece and Switzerland but this year onr own country, the best of all lands, will be studied, in its history, literature, art and institutions. A month will also be spent in Mexico. During the summer I often met at the annual gatherings at Bay View, the members from many states and always heard from them the most enthusiastic reports. The members were mostly like myself, bread winners, and the course has been carried on in the brief pauses in the day's occupation. But daily I heard in the elegant conversation and saw in the intelligent faces the marked transforation wrought when people read for a purpose. This is not the place to enter into a description of the plans of the Bay View reading course,—a card addressed to Mr. Hall will always secure them. I concerned more in reviving the hope of the busy women and aspiring young people to again take up the pleasures of books and study, for which this reading course seems to me to offer the best practical plans. I am sure a great many who are looking for feasible suggestions for winter reading will thank the editor for publishing this article. Dorothy Stiles. Bluffton. |
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