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Something- New and important in Live Stock Economy. Professor S. M. Coloord, of Dover, Massachusetts, one of the best chemists in the United States has done the live stock industry a great good, in solving the question of preserving green food. During the period of strongest opposition to the ensilage methods, it will ho remembered that the Indiana Farmer maintained that the success of it was "only a question of skill in construction of silos," and that it was "nonsense to say that we could preserve green fruit by the gallon or more, and could not also exclude the air from the silo," and further that "genius and science would satisfactorily solve this matter." And, so, while the Fakmkk does notJay special claim to prevision, reasoning from known data, its prediction seems lo he fulfilled in the invention of Prof. Oolcord. At our request he has furnished us with cuts and some data to explain his invention. Like the splendid chemist and scientist he is, he seems to have gone about this work with the strong common sense. that to preserve green food the element usually baring that end was to be eliminated, or overcome. The invention plainly goes directly to the point of excluding the air, which causes over fennentation and undue action upon the food. Prof. Colcord says that the high temperature theory is a falacv. Hut let us give his own views as to his methods: "Sweet ensilage, as commonly understood, does not represent preserved green forage produced by this system ; the term sweet, as originally used, was not used in a sense as opposite to sour, but as opposed to putrid (as sweet meat)." "The average quantity of ensilage as heretofore made, that can he fed daily, is about forty pounds; the cattle do not < are for more, but forage made by this system and device can be fed IM) pounds or more daily ,and all of it eaten without any waste, giving the best results, even better than fresh cut fodder. "The most interesting feature in this system is its economy. From corn call be raised the heaviest and best crop of forage at the lowest cost. The big butts contain the most sugar and starch. Hy this system theso large stocks are preserved and come out in a soft and pulpy state ami are all eaten. Ky those who have tested it by keeping accurate account, the average cost of preserved green forage is $2 per ton; in feeding value :i tons of it is equal to 1 ton of the best hay, making preserved green forage at #li equal lo hay that Can lie readily sold for sis. Land that will produce M tons of hay will produce l.s Ions of green forage and a crop of rye annually, which will give three times the results in dairy products and manure, and that continuously, upon the same land." Tlie Dairy World says of this method: It is found to have been demonstrated that the Silo Governor, invented by Mr. S. M. Colcord,holds the ensilage without heat or fermentation, controlling the operation and changes going on in the silo; that it removes the air, and holds the contents perfectly, precisely as any food is held in air-tight packages, and that lt can be applied and used in old as well as new silos. When wc speak of fermentation and heat, the idea is not Intended to be conveyed that a silo can be tilled with green vegetable mat ter wit bout eliminating beat. Any succulent vegetable matter piled together iii the presence of air commences to heat. If allowed to go on, destructive fermentation sets in,and at length the whole mass becomes putrid and rotten. Thc various means heretofore used have only measurably arrested this fermentation, and the measure of success has been in just proportion to the exclusion of the air. Figures 2 and 3 show the pipes,coup- linga and the orifices by which the air enters the pipes under pressure. At a meeting of farmers at Agricultural Hall, Boston.at which Mr. Benjamin Ware presided and conducted the investigations, Messrs. Korristall. Kuggles, ('opeland. ex- United States Commissioner of Agriculture, Dr. Loriug, and others, were present and assisting; the whole question was gone over. Mr. Kuggles, who had used the Governor, testified as follows, according to the report of the meeting in the Massachusetts Ploughman. "I never had any foul odors and there was no bad smell in the barn or silos at _ _ 1 (OI.C OKII'S SH.O liOVKRXIil!. all. My silo is at a little distance from the barn. If you should take a handful of ensilage and put it to your face, you would think it was pretty sweet. It has the lla- vor of corn. You could detect no scent. If you dry it, it would bave noeffectin that respect. Last year I put in a second governor about half way up, as Mr. Colcord recommended it." what kminknt citizens say. "The undersigned, having made and fed ligl DIAOHAM OF COl.COKIl's SIl.o QOVKKNOR ensilage for several years, believing that we have arrived at certain and uniform success, say to those who are in doubt.that we are making ensilage without heat or fermentation,in air-tight silos, cutting the corn in )■. to K inch lengths, weighting Ion pounds to the square foot, and with this pressure getting I foot or more juice in the bottom of the silo. We remove the air from the silo by using Coiconl's silo Governor, which causes a heavy vertical, with very little lateral, pressure. We obtain as uniform results, coid,moist,soft aud pulpy ensilage, ol the natural color of the eoni, without offensive odor, imparting no odor lo the silo, barn, hands or clothing, but often of a bright, sweet smell, and sometimes the odor of nice, dry corn fodder. We feed an average of GO pounds daily to each cow, and our cattle eat it all without any waste. "We regard Mr. Colcord's system as the true, if not the only true method of ensilaging green forage crops, and recommend it as sure, uniform, economical and less troublesome than any other. By using this systein,with the Governor, according to directions, anyone may be sure of success with ensilage. Kii.Mi'Nii M. Woon, Boston, Mass. T. K. Rruta.KN, Milton, Mass. Chaki.ks L. Clll'Kl.AND, Milton, Mass. C. A. Davis, Natick, Mass. Heunakii Monaoiian, Hedliani, Mass. THI'. SII.O dOVKKNOK. ^ If made of iron pipe to screw together with pipe tongs, one Governor for a 100 ton silo tfg would cost about $25, equal to 2"i cents per ton. Two Governors for a :?00-ton silo would cost about 800, or 20 cents per ton, price depending upon the size and shape of the silo. A higher-priced Governor is made. These are made from enameled pipe, with malleable enameled fittings, arranged to sleeve together, the prices varying from $35 to ST.", each. DESCRIPTION OF DIAIIKAM. Figure 1 is a top view of a silo ready to receive the ensilage, anil showing a portion of the apparatus resting ou the floor. Figure 2 is a vertical section cut on the line XX oT Figure 1. Figure 3 is a portion of pipe on an enlarged scale, taken from one of the front corners of the apparatus, and placed bottom side up to show the air holes on its under side. figure I isa top view, OH an enlarged scale,of a portion of the bottom of the silo before tho principal portion of the apparatus has been placed in position, showing the upturned end of the drip pipe, and the strainer in its mouth. Figure fi is a section ol a portion of pipe aud elbow, on an enlarged scale, showing the wooden peg which prevents the pipe from turning in Its bearings. I UK CONSTRUCTION. In relation to construction, Mr. Colcord, says: I ci instruct my apparatus as follows': I take iron pipes it, tt' of any d i m e nsions desired, and join them together so as to form afraiueA, with a continuous air connection (which also communicates with the drip-pipe, li), by screwing each of the ends of the pipe tt and it' into its connecting elbow 8 or coupling II, as show n at c. The ends 10 and 12 of the pipes a are thrust or telescoped into their couplings I), as shown in Figs. 1, .", ami .".. All the horizontal pipes an inch in diameter, and about 6 inches distant from each other, as seen in Figs. 3 and 5; the ends 10 of the pipes a are each held in position by a small wooden peg or pin e, as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 5. A T-coupling/ is screwed on to the project ing end of the drip-pipe 6,and the ver- :1 into the upright ileal pipe g is screwed branch of said coupling/; the vertical pipe g affording an outlet or means of escape from the silo for the air and gases. The pipes a <x',which ex tend transversely across the center of frame A, from side to side, are screwed into the couplings, 9, 9 and ?', the downward branch of the latter coupling fitting loosely within the upturned end of the drip-pipe b. The water, juices, etc., from the ensilage are drawn off when desired through the drip-pipe 6, the outer end of which is provided with a stopper k; but a faucet may be employed instead of the stopper, if preferred. The mouth of the vertical pipe, g I close with a stopper /, or with a caji. If the silo has a capacity of over 1">0 tons, or is more than 16 feet deep, the apparatus for the bottom of the silo being in place, the cut corn is piled upon it in the usual way, and when the silo is about half full, another apparatus or frame A, not differing materially from that ou the bottom of the silo, excepting that its vertical pipe in, which performs the same ollice as the vertical pipe ,/, and also has its mouth closed by a stopper, rises from the inside of the silo, as seen in Fig. 2. For the better support of the second frame A, and to prevent the small holes at the lHittom of the pipe from becoming stopped with the ensilage, it is placed on a skeleton platform n, Fig. 2, composed of narrow strips of furring, and upon this platform n, with the frame upon it, the *.-ut corn is piled until the silo is filled. To secure the second frame A in its plaee on theskeleton platform it, nails or staples are driven into the platform for that purpose. As soon as the silo is filled the ordinary planks are put upon the top of the ensilage, and the weight placed on said plank. Nothing should be put between the ensilage and the plank. When the freshly cut corn is placed in the silo it has not yet had time to become much wilted, if, indeed, it is wilted at all; consequently, the air which remains in contact with it there is in a much freer condition than it is after it has wilted, for through the operation of wilting the said air becomes much more intimately associated with it, and much more difficult to separate from it. Therefore, during the process of tilling the silo containing my apparatus, a large portion of the air in contact with the ensilage will be taken into the pipes <t, ft', and escape into the surrounding atmosphere through the vertical pipe g and m. In opening the silo to remove the ensilage, when the first part of the frame A of the apparatus is reached, the pipe a nearest to the front end r of the silo H is pulled away from its connections, with the adjacent longitudinal pipes « and the latter are then also removed; tho pegs e, which held the pipes it in position, having been first taken out, or broken off. As the work of discharging the silo proceeds, on arriving at the central portion, the pipes «', with their couplings 9, 9, i, after pegs e havo been removed, ean be pulled out and lifted from their place, and their adjacent longitudinal pipes " drawn out, leaving only the pipe n at the rear part of the silo, to be removed when reached. When liquid rises in the pipe <7 it can be drawn off by removing the stopper k. The Silo Governor has air passages within :', to 4 feet of every part of the ensilage to the outside of the silo, from which to discharge the air, not only after it is packed, but while it is being tilled. Air can be taken out of the silo in larger quantities from the bottom and central parts of the silo than can escape from the top. While the air is going out of the silo there can be no ingress, and as soon au egress ceases the air passages should be rigs. i. .an. i o. au me Horizontal pipes, except the drip-pipe b, which runs toward Ihe side wall of the silo B, are perforated I closed, by stopping the mouths of the per on their under side with holes about {a of pendicufar pipes I and m.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1887, v. 22, no. 21 (May 21) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA2221 |
Date of Original | 1887 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-02-21 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript |
Something- New and important in Live
Stock Economy.
Professor S. M. Coloord, of Dover, Massachusetts, one of the best chemists in the
United States has done the live stock industry a great good, in solving the question of preserving green food. During the
period of strongest opposition to the ensilage methods, it will ho remembered that
the Indiana Farmer maintained that the
success of it was "only a question of skill
in construction of silos," and that it was
"nonsense to say that we could preserve
green fruit by the gallon or more, and
could not also exclude the air from the
silo," and further that "genius and science
would satisfactorily solve this matter."
And, so, while the Fakmkk does notJay
special claim to prevision, reasoning from
known data, its prediction seems lo he
fulfilled in the invention of Prof. Oolcord.
At our request he has furnished us with
cuts and some data to explain his invention. Like the splendid chemist and scientist he is, he seems to have gone about
this work with the strong common sense.
that to preserve green food the element
usually baring that end was to be eliminated, or overcome. The invention plainly
goes directly to the point of excluding the
air, which causes over fennentation and undue action upon the food. Prof. Colcord
says that the high temperature theory is
a falacv. Hut let us give his own views as
to his methods:
"Sweet ensilage, as commonly understood, does not represent preserved green
forage produced by this system ; the term
sweet, as originally used, was not used in
a sense as opposite to sour, but as opposed
to putrid (as sweet meat)."
"The average quantity of ensilage as
heretofore made, that can he fed daily, is
about forty pounds; the cattle do not < are
for more, but forage made by this system
and device can be fed IM) pounds or more
daily ,and all of it eaten without any waste,
giving the best results, even better than
fresh cut fodder.
"The most interesting feature in this
system is its economy. From corn call be
raised the heaviest and best crop of forage
at the lowest cost. The big butts contain
the most sugar and starch. Hy this system theso large stocks are preserved and
come out in a soft and pulpy state ami are
all eaten. Ky those who have tested it by
keeping accurate account, the average cost
of preserved green forage is $2 per ton; in
feeding value :i tons of it is equal to 1 ton
of the best hay, making preserved green
forage at #li equal lo hay that Can lie readily sold for sis. Land that will produce
M tons of hay will produce l.s Ions of green
forage and a crop of rye annually, which
will give three times the results in dairy
products and manure, and that continuously, upon the same land."
Tlie Dairy World says of this method:
It is found to have been demonstrated
that the Silo Governor, invented by Mr. S.
M. Colcord,holds the ensilage without heat
or fermentation, controlling the operation
and changes going on in the silo; that it
removes the air, and holds the contents
perfectly, precisely as any food is held in
air-tight packages, and that lt can be applied and used in old as well as new silos.
When wc speak of fermentation and
heat, the idea is not Intended to be conveyed that a silo can be tilled with green
vegetable mat ter wit bout eliminating beat.
Any succulent vegetable matter piled together iii the presence of air commences
to heat. If allowed to go on, destructive fermentation sets in,and at length the
whole mass becomes putrid and rotten.
Thc various means heretofore used have
only measurably arrested this fermentation, and the measure of success has been
in just proportion to the exclusion of the
air. Figures 2 and 3 show the pipes,coup-
linga and the orifices by which the air enters the pipes under pressure.
At a meeting of farmers at Agricultural
Hall, Boston.at which Mr. Benjamin Ware
presided and conducted the investigations,
Messrs. Korristall. Kuggles, ('opeland. ex-
United States Commissioner of Agriculture, Dr. Loriug, and others, were present
and assisting; the whole question was
gone over. Mr. Kuggles, who had used the
Governor, testified as follows, according to
the report of the meeting in the Massachusetts Ploughman.
"I never had any foul odors and there
was no bad smell in the barn or silos at
_ _ 1
(OI.C OKII'S SH.O liOVKRXIil!.
all. My silo is at a little distance from the
barn. If you should take a handful of ensilage and put it to your face, you would
think it was pretty sweet. It has the lla-
vor of corn. You could detect no scent.
If you dry it, it would bave noeffectin
that respect. Last year I put in a second
governor about half way up, as Mr. Colcord recommended it."
what kminknt citizens say.
"The undersigned, having made and fed
ligl
DIAOHAM OF COl.COKIl's SIl.o QOVKKNOR
ensilage for several years, believing that
we have arrived at certain and uniform
success, say to those who are in doubt.that
we are making ensilage without heat or
fermentation,in air-tight silos, cutting the
corn in )■. to K inch lengths, weighting Ion
pounds to the square foot, and with this
pressure getting I foot or more juice in the
bottom of the silo. We remove the air
from the silo by using Coiconl's silo Governor, which causes a heavy vertical, with
very little lateral, pressure. We obtain as
uniform results, coid,moist,soft aud pulpy
ensilage, ol the natural color of the eoni,
without offensive odor, imparting no odor
lo the silo, barn, hands or clothing, but
often of a bright, sweet smell, and sometimes the odor of nice, dry corn fodder.
We feed an average of GO pounds daily to
each cow, and our cattle eat it all without
any waste.
"We regard Mr. Colcord's system as the
true, if not the only true method of ensilaging green forage crops, and
recommend it as sure, uniform, economical and less
troublesome than any other.
By using this systein,with the
Governor, according to directions, anyone may be sure of
success with ensilage.
Kii.Mi'Nii M. Woon,
Boston, Mass.
T. K. Rruta.KN, Milton, Mass.
Chaki.ks L. Clll'Kl.AND,
Milton, Mass.
C. A. Davis, Natick, Mass.
Heunakii Monaoiian,
Hedliani, Mass.
THI'. SII.O dOVKKNOK.
^ If made of iron pipe to screw
together with pipe tongs, one
Governor for a 100 ton silo
tfg would cost about $25, equal to
2"i cents per ton. Two Governors for a :?00-ton silo would
cost about 800, or 20 cents per
ton, price depending upon the
size and shape of the silo. A
higher-priced Governor is made. These
are made from enameled pipe, with malleable enameled fittings, arranged to sleeve
together, the prices varying from $35 to
ST.", each.
DESCRIPTION OF DIAIIKAM.
Figure 1 is a top view of a silo ready to
receive the ensilage, anil showing a portion of the apparatus resting ou the floor.
Figure 2 is a vertical section cut on the
line XX oT Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a portion
of pipe on an enlarged
scale, taken from one
of the front corners of
the apparatus, and
placed bottom side up
to show the air holes
on its under side.
figure I isa top view,
OH an enlarged scale,of
a portion of the bottom
of the silo before tho
principal portion of the
apparatus has been
placed in position,
showing the upturned
end of the drip pipe,
and the strainer in its
mouth.
Figure fi is a section
ol a portion of pipe aud
elbow, on an enlarged
scale, showing the
wooden peg which prevents the pipe from
turning in Its bearings.
I UK CONSTRUCTION.
In relation to construction, Mr. Colcord,
says:
I ci instruct my apparatus as follows': I take
iron pipes it, tt' of any
d i m e nsions desired,
and join them together
so as to form afraiueA,
with a continuous air
connection (which also
communicates with the
drip-pipe, li), by screwing each of the ends of
the pipe tt and it' into
its connecting elbow 8
or coupling II, as show n at c. The ends 10
and 12 of the pipes a are thrust or telescoped into their couplings I), as shown in
Figs. 1, .", ami .".. All the horizontal pipes
an inch in diameter, and about 6 inches
distant from each other, as seen in Figs. 3
and 5; the ends 10 of the pipes a are each
held in position by a small wooden peg or
pin e, as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 5.
A T-coupling/ is screwed on to the project ing end of the drip-pipe 6,and the ver-
:1 into the upright
ileal pipe g is screwed
branch of said coupling/; the vertical pipe
g affording an outlet or means of escape
from the silo for the air and gases. The
pipes a |
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