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USE OF A RAPID BIOASSAY FOR ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS Nicholas A. Casseri, Environmental Technologist, Wei-chi Ying, Associate Scientist Stanley A. Sojka, Manager Environmental Technology Occidental Chemical Corporation, Research Center Grand Island, New York 14072 INTRODUCTION The effective treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters is of paramount importance in safeguarding our aquatic environment. Effluent quality is traditionally expressed in pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, some specific compound concentrations, and other related parameters. Even the most comprehensive physicochemical characterization of an effluent does not directly indicate any possible adverse effects on the ecosystem of the receiving stream. The collective effects of all the physical, chemical, and biological properties of an effluent are exhibited in the observed toxicity. Bioassay can thus play a vital role in assessing the effectiveness of a waste treatment process in reducing the incipient toxicity of a manufacturing effluent, municipal wastewater, or landfill leachate. The use of rapid bioassay procedures for determining the aquatic toxicity of effluents and pure compounds has been a recent development. Dutka and Kwan [1] compared four microbial toxicity testing systems which offered fast results relative to the conventional bioassays using fish (fathead minnows) or invertebrates (Daphnia magna). They found the Beckman Microtox system, which utilizes a bioluminescent marine bacterium as the test organism, to be both fastest and most sensitive. Table I presents Microtox EC50 and reported fish LC50 for a variety of known toxicants [2]. Relative toxicity data have also been compiled for many industrial and municipal, raw and treated, effluents as shown in Figure 1 [3]. The fish results represent several test methods, species, times, temperatures, and other factors. For both single toxicants and complex effluents, the Microtox and fish bioassay data are found to be in good general agreement recognizing that the fish bioassays were not standardized. The U.S. EPA and the Province of Alberta, Canada, have conducted extensive comparative studies between the Microtox, fish, and Daphnia bioassays [4,5,6]. While regulatory agencies have yet to approve the Microtox procedure for use in the effluent permitting, they acknowledge the fact it is a useful tool in effluent monitoring since inexpensive yet reliable toxicity data can be obtained quickly. Based on these studies and our own laboratory findings [7], the Microtox bioassay was selected as the system of choice for research into the rapid assessment of industrial wastewater treatment effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultures The fathead minnows used during this study were obtained from EG&G Bionomics (lot 0-82A14). The 2,200 individuals in this lot were all hatched between 4/01/82 and 4/30/82. The fish were evenly divided among three twenty-gallon glass aquariums equipped with Dynaflo Power Filters, and aeration through glass sparging tubes was provided by a Whisper 800 aquarium air pump. The fish were 867
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC198387 |
Title | Use of a rapid bioassay for assessment of industrial wastewater treatment effectiveness |
Author |
Casseri, Nicholas A. Ying, Wei-Chi Sojka, Stanley A. |
Date of Original | 1983 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 38th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,34749 |
Extent of Original | p. 867-878 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-07-28 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 867 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | USE OF A RAPID BIOASSAY FOR ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS Nicholas A. Casseri, Environmental Technologist, Wei-chi Ying, Associate Scientist Stanley A. Sojka, Manager Environmental Technology Occidental Chemical Corporation, Research Center Grand Island, New York 14072 INTRODUCTION The effective treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters is of paramount importance in safeguarding our aquatic environment. Effluent quality is traditionally expressed in pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, some specific compound concentrations, and other related parameters. Even the most comprehensive physicochemical characterization of an effluent does not directly indicate any possible adverse effects on the ecosystem of the receiving stream. The collective effects of all the physical, chemical, and biological properties of an effluent are exhibited in the observed toxicity. Bioassay can thus play a vital role in assessing the effectiveness of a waste treatment process in reducing the incipient toxicity of a manufacturing effluent, municipal wastewater, or landfill leachate. The use of rapid bioassay procedures for determining the aquatic toxicity of effluents and pure compounds has been a recent development. Dutka and Kwan [1] compared four microbial toxicity testing systems which offered fast results relative to the conventional bioassays using fish (fathead minnows) or invertebrates (Daphnia magna). They found the Beckman Microtox system, which utilizes a bioluminescent marine bacterium as the test organism, to be both fastest and most sensitive. Table I presents Microtox EC50 and reported fish LC50 for a variety of known toxicants [2]. Relative toxicity data have also been compiled for many industrial and municipal, raw and treated, effluents as shown in Figure 1 [3]. The fish results represent several test methods, species, times, temperatures, and other factors. For both single toxicants and complex effluents, the Microtox and fish bioassay data are found to be in good general agreement recognizing that the fish bioassays were not standardized. The U.S. EPA and the Province of Alberta, Canada, have conducted extensive comparative studies between the Microtox, fish, and Daphnia bioassays [4,5,6]. While regulatory agencies have yet to approve the Microtox procedure for use in the effluent permitting, they acknowledge the fact it is a useful tool in effluent monitoring since inexpensive yet reliable toxicity data can be obtained quickly. Based on these studies and our own laboratory findings [7], the Microtox bioassay was selected as the system of choice for research into the rapid assessment of industrial wastewater treatment effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultures The fathead minnows used during this study were obtained from EG&G Bionomics (lot 0-82A14). The 2,200 individuals in this lot were all hatched between 4/01/82 and 4/30/82. The fish were evenly divided among three twenty-gallon glass aquariums equipped with Dynaflo Power Filters, and aeration through glass sparging tubes was provided by a Whisper 800 aquarium air pump. The fish were 867 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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