page 1040 |
Previous | 1 of 20 | Next |
|
|
Loading content ...
Electrode Potentials and Electrolytic Control in the Anaerobic Digestion Process FREDERIC C. BLANC Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts ALAN H. MOLOF Associate Professor of Civil Engineering New York University Bronx, New York INTRODUCTION With improved treatment methods and greater organic removals in the sewage treatment processes, the problems of sludge stabilization and disposal have greatly increased. One of the most extensively used methods of sewage sludge stabilization is anaerobic digestion. However, a lack of understanding of the process mechanism and control has caused the anaerobic digestion process to be operated at less than the maximum possible loading rate. It is, therefore, necessary to find better ways of monitoring and controlling the process. The electrode potential measurement is such a monitoring parameter which can be used effectively in the anaerobic digestion process. ELECTRODE POTENTIALS An electrode potential is the difference between the electrical potential of the terminal lead of an indicating electrode in an electrolytic solution and the electrical potential of a reference electrode in contact with the same solution. Figure 1 depicts the elements of an electrode potential measuring system used in work on laboratory digestion units. The indicating electrode is constructed of some metal such as platinum which will not take part in the electrode potential determining electrochemical reactions but will merely act as a conductor of electrons to the reactions. Electrical contact between the anaerobic waste solution and the reference electrode is maintained by means of a salt bridge and a salt reservoir. This type of electrical connection prevents the calomel reference electrode from becoming coated with a fouling layer. A conventional pH meter with a millivolt scale has an impedance on the order of 10^ ohms and is an excellent potentiometer for measuring the electrode potentials developed in the anaerobic digestion system. The saturated calomel electrode is perhaps the most commonly used of all reference electrodes and is quite suitable for use in biological systems. An electrode potential value reported relative to a saturated calomel electrode is often indicated by the notation Ec. The notation Ejj indicates that the electrode potential value is being reported relative to the universal standard hydrogen reference electrode. It should be pointed out that most Ejj electrode potential values reported for biological systems are not measured values but are calculated from the measured values obtained using some other reference electrode. - 1040 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC1969073 |
Title | Electrode potentials and electrolytic control in the anaerobic digestion process |
Author |
Blanc, Frederic C. Molof, Alan H. |
Date of Original | 1969 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 24th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,16392 |
Extent of Original | p. 1040-1059 |
Series | Engineering extension series no. 135 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-21 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 1040 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Electrode Potentials and Electrolytic Control in the Anaerobic Digestion Process FREDERIC C. BLANC Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts ALAN H. MOLOF Associate Professor of Civil Engineering New York University Bronx, New York INTRODUCTION With improved treatment methods and greater organic removals in the sewage treatment processes, the problems of sludge stabilization and disposal have greatly increased. One of the most extensively used methods of sewage sludge stabilization is anaerobic digestion. However, a lack of understanding of the process mechanism and control has caused the anaerobic digestion process to be operated at less than the maximum possible loading rate. It is, therefore, necessary to find better ways of monitoring and controlling the process. The electrode potential measurement is such a monitoring parameter which can be used effectively in the anaerobic digestion process. ELECTRODE POTENTIALS An electrode potential is the difference between the electrical potential of the terminal lead of an indicating electrode in an electrolytic solution and the electrical potential of a reference electrode in contact with the same solution. Figure 1 depicts the elements of an electrode potential measuring system used in work on laboratory digestion units. The indicating electrode is constructed of some metal such as platinum which will not take part in the electrode potential determining electrochemical reactions but will merely act as a conductor of electrons to the reactions. Electrical contact between the anaerobic waste solution and the reference electrode is maintained by means of a salt bridge and a salt reservoir. This type of electrical connection prevents the calomel reference electrode from becoming coated with a fouling layer. A conventional pH meter with a millivolt scale has an impedance on the order of 10^ ohms and is an excellent potentiometer for measuring the electrode potentials developed in the anaerobic digestion system. The saturated calomel electrode is perhaps the most commonly used of all reference electrodes and is quite suitable for use in biological systems. An electrode potential value reported relative to a saturated calomel electrode is often indicated by the notation Ec. The notation Ejj indicates that the electrode potential value is being reported relative to the universal standard hydrogen reference electrode. It should be pointed out that most Ejj electrode potential values reported for biological systems are not measured values but are calculated from the measured values obtained using some other reference electrode. - 1040 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Tags
Comments
Post a Comment for page 1040