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Treatment by Freezing AMOS J. ALTER, Environmental Research Engineer Alaska Department of Health and Welfare College, Alaska INTRODUCTION Freezing may be one of the most useful processes for conditioning water and waste water. Surprisingly little is known about details of the process and even less is known about applying the process to water and waste treatment. In temperate climate engineering practice, the process has appeared uneconomical. Energy requirements have appeared excessive. An emerging multi-billion dollar polar push for petroleum and other resources creates new viewpoints. It raises questions about methodology for permanent occupation and use of cold regions. This is a different, yet no less compelling, reason for economical and competitive solution to cold region problems. Profit as well as other reasons is now motivating decisions made on cold region development. Relatively high cost modification and subsidy of temperate climate water and waste treatment practice is not competitive; cold region engineering solutions are needed for cold region problems. In addition to saving money, there are other reasons for learning more about freezing as a treatment process. Cold is a significant resource available for use throughout a large portion of the land mass of the northern hemisphere. A low temperature view point is necessary for full understanding of the limits of applicability of conventional processes (1, 2). Present treatment technology is largely the result of temperate climate experience (3). When facilities are built for waste treatment under cold region conditions, we commonly extrapolate from temperate climate experience. Extrapolation allows little or no provision for input of new information, even though new information might be of determinative significance. In-depth studies are indicated to determine effectiveness, methodology, application, and economics of water and waste treatment by the freezing process. In temperate climate engineering practice, conventional water and waste treatment processes (sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, aeration, digestion, etc.) are often for cold region use varied slightly (4). They may be varied to reduce cost or gain efficiency. Process facilities may be reduced or increased in size to compensate for temperature effects. Heat or insulation or both may be used to keep facilities from freezing. But in the optimization technique of selecting a specific design for a cold region site, appropriateness of the basic concept for cold region use may be unquestioned. -374-
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC1969024 |
Title | Treatment by freezing |
Author | Alter, Amos J. |
Date of Original | 1969 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 24th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,16392 |
Extent of Original | p. 374-383 |
Series | Engineering extension series no. 135 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-21 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 374 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Treatment by Freezing AMOS J. ALTER, Environmental Research Engineer Alaska Department of Health and Welfare College, Alaska INTRODUCTION Freezing may be one of the most useful processes for conditioning water and waste water. Surprisingly little is known about details of the process and even less is known about applying the process to water and waste treatment. In temperate climate engineering practice, the process has appeared uneconomical. Energy requirements have appeared excessive. An emerging multi-billion dollar polar push for petroleum and other resources creates new viewpoints. It raises questions about methodology for permanent occupation and use of cold regions. This is a different, yet no less compelling, reason for economical and competitive solution to cold region problems. Profit as well as other reasons is now motivating decisions made on cold region development. Relatively high cost modification and subsidy of temperate climate water and waste treatment practice is not competitive; cold region engineering solutions are needed for cold region problems. In addition to saving money, there are other reasons for learning more about freezing as a treatment process. Cold is a significant resource available for use throughout a large portion of the land mass of the northern hemisphere. A low temperature view point is necessary for full understanding of the limits of applicability of conventional processes (1, 2). Present treatment technology is largely the result of temperate climate experience (3). When facilities are built for waste treatment under cold region conditions, we commonly extrapolate from temperate climate experience. Extrapolation allows little or no provision for input of new information, even though new information might be of determinative significance. In-depth studies are indicated to determine effectiveness, methodology, application, and economics of water and waste treatment by the freezing process. In temperate climate engineering practice, conventional water and waste treatment processes (sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, aeration, digestion, etc.) are often for cold region use varied slightly (4). They may be varied to reduce cost or gain efficiency. Process facilities may be reduced or increased in size to compensate for temperature effects. Heat or insulation or both may be used to keep facilities from freezing. But in the optimization technique of selecting a specific design for a cold region site, appropriateness of the basic concept for cold region use may be unquestioned. -374- |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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