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Organic Load and the Toxicity of Copper to the Activated-Sludge Process B. V. SALOTTO, Chemist E. F. BARTH, Chemist W. E. TOLLIVER, Chemist M. B. ETTINGER, Chief, Chemistry and Physics U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public Health Service Bureau of State Services Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center Cincinnati, Ohio The Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center has studied the effects of heavy metals, singly and in combination, on the activated-sludge process. In these studies the organic load was approximately the same. The present investigation considers the effect of organic loading on the toxicity and distribution of copper in the activated-sludge process. Copper was chosen because its toxicity is significant at a relatively small concentration and because preliminary work on effect of organic loading had been reported in a previous paper (1). PROCEDURE The activated-sludge pilot plants used were designed for complete treatment of sewage employing primary settling, aeration with continuous sludge return, and secondary settling. A description of one of the plants is shown in Figure 2 of the first paper in the series (2). Sewage was fed at a constant rate. Sludge from the secondary settler was pumped continuously to the first chamber of the aerator at a rate of about 35 per cent of the sewage flow. Sludge-wasting rates were adjusted to hold mixed-liquor volatile-suspended-solids concentrations between 1, 000 and 1, 200 mg/l. Total detention time was nine hrs with a flow of 100 gals/day. The sewage used was domestic in origin and of relatively low strength because of ground water infiltration. The sewage was fortified each day by addition of homogenized fish meal to the main holding tank. Average COD values of the sewage before and after additions were 200 and 380 mg/l. The nutrient character of the fortified sewage was found to be adequate. Calculated BOD:N;P ratio was 100:6:3. Three identical pilot plants were operated in parallel. One unit received undiluted fortified sewage at a constant rate. Copper sulfate solution was introduced at the sewage feed inlet continuously. The other two units were fed the same sewage diluted approximately 2:3 with tap water. Copper sulfate solution of the same concentration was introduced continuously in the influent sewage of one of these units; the other unit received no copper and served as a control. Since the MLVSS in the three units were maintained at approximately the same levels, the organic load on the units receiving diluted sewage was about one-half that of the unit receiving the strong sewage. The effects of two copper concentrations were studied at each organic load level. The concentrations selected, one and five mg/l, were present continuously in the influent sewage. The five - 1025 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196478 |
Title | Organic load and the toxicity of copper to the activated-sludge process |
Author |
Salotto, Vincent Barth, Edwin F. Tolliver, W. E. Ettinger, M. B. |
Date of Original | 1964 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the nineteenth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,11114 |
Extent of Original | p. 1025-1034 |
Series |
Engineering extension series no. 117 Engineering bulletin v. 49, no. 1(a)-2 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-19 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 1025 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Organic Load and the Toxicity of Copper to the Activated-Sludge Process B. V. SALOTTO, Chemist E. F. BARTH, Chemist W. E. TOLLIVER, Chemist M. B. ETTINGER, Chief, Chemistry and Physics U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public Health Service Bureau of State Services Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center Cincinnati, Ohio The Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center has studied the effects of heavy metals, singly and in combination, on the activated-sludge process. In these studies the organic load was approximately the same. The present investigation considers the effect of organic loading on the toxicity and distribution of copper in the activated-sludge process. Copper was chosen because its toxicity is significant at a relatively small concentration and because preliminary work on effect of organic loading had been reported in a previous paper (1). PROCEDURE The activated-sludge pilot plants used were designed for complete treatment of sewage employing primary settling, aeration with continuous sludge return, and secondary settling. A description of one of the plants is shown in Figure 2 of the first paper in the series (2). Sewage was fed at a constant rate. Sludge from the secondary settler was pumped continuously to the first chamber of the aerator at a rate of about 35 per cent of the sewage flow. Sludge-wasting rates were adjusted to hold mixed-liquor volatile-suspended-solids concentrations between 1, 000 and 1, 200 mg/l. Total detention time was nine hrs with a flow of 100 gals/day. The sewage used was domestic in origin and of relatively low strength because of ground water infiltration. The sewage was fortified each day by addition of homogenized fish meal to the main holding tank. Average COD values of the sewage before and after additions were 200 and 380 mg/l. The nutrient character of the fortified sewage was found to be adequate. Calculated BOD:N;P ratio was 100:6:3. Three identical pilot plants were operated in parallel. One unit received undiluted fortified sewage at a constant rate. Copper sulfate solution was introduced at the sewage feed inlet continuously. The other two units were fed the same sewage diluted approximately 2:3 with tap water. Copper sulfate solution of the same concentration was introduced continuously in the influent sewage of one of these units; the other unit received no copper and served as a control. Since the MLVSS in the three units were maintained at approximately the same levels, the organic load on the units receiving diluted sewage was about one-half that of the unit receiving the strong sewage. The effects of two copper concentrations were studied at each organic load level. The concentrations selected, one and five mg/l, were present continuously in the influent sewage. The five - 1025 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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