NEWS   AND   NOTES
HH3
various results for each species brought  together m
tim manner.   Especially interesting are the sections
tatoes, peas and strawberries.
ae third section, Titled General Discussion, eon*
of an exposition of Dr. Went's ideas concerning
the role of environmental  factors—principally  light
ind temperature—in growth and development generally.    This   reviewer  found   the  sections   on   the
tnalysis of growth,  plant climatology and  ecology
Chapters 16, 17 and 18) most interesting and offer-
ug the most in stimulating ideas.
Five of the chapters have been supplied by other
uthors, but these take a minor position in the hook
u that they are more concerned with details and for
be most part lack the exciting quality of Dr. Went's
i vie.
The book is generously supplied with illustrations,
bough the labelling on the graphs is often obscure
od requires patient study by the reader before the
tph becomes meaningful.
The main feature of the book is its generous sup-
ly of provocative ideas. These are ideas of a man
i h an amazingly detailed knowledge of how plants
row, and while many of the ideas are quite speculate, the reader cannot help finding them stimulating,
mie examples of items which appealed to this re-
iewer are the preference for an inverted thermo-
ioi lie cycle by Saintpaulia (p. 147), the graphic
incepts of temperature controls of phenology (p.
i,S). the analysis of climatic controls of growth rates
) 232) and the observation that sugar applications
Hi stimulate photosynthesis (p. 278). Some of the
ir*s of view expressed were not convincing, such as
oposal of there being diffusion processes which
i it growth in medium temperature ranges (p. 215),
the acceptance of stimulations of germination by
[ding charcoal to the germinating medium as cstab-
liing that inhibitors are involved in seed dormancy
i, 264). I was disappointed that the author did not
scuss criticisms which had been leveled at some of
ideas in the past.   For example, his presentation
the evidence for translocation of sugars having a
n less than unity is essentially unchanged from the
i9 version although there have been a number of
ous criticisms of the concept since then.
The criticisms I have offered are relatively minor,
us  book  will  certainly  serve  a  constructive  and
thwhile purpose in plant physiology.—A. Carl
opold, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana.
Daniel Trembly MacDougal
1865-1958
In these days of narrow specialization in all sci-
»s it is of considerable interest to contemplate the
and   activity   of   a   plant   physiologist   of   wide
i rests and  diverse  activities.    With  the  death  of
I). T. MacDougal, at the age of 92 years, at
ifie Grove, California, on February 22, 1958, an-
i r of the few remaining "grand old men" of botany
departed.   During his activities as a scientist and
investigator  oi  several   phases  of \i-u--
I Vocal's  name  »»>  e!iv»el>   as* via tot,   for  altmvM   a
1 of a cc i || 0f rosearrh
in plant tvolog) and phvsiolog) in the grid Mttifh
western .-fares by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. In J!H)o lie helped to organize the Desert
Botanical Laboratory near Tucson, Arizona, and soon
thereafter became its director. Recognizing the need
for a wider scope in laboratory work in plant physiology, he helped to establish and also directed the
Coastal Laboratory at Carmel, California, where investigators could extend their studies with plants in
a different environment, and work in a more pleasant
climate during summer holidays. This laboratory
continued in operation until World War II.
While perusing the long list of publications by \)r.
MacDougal, one notes the marked influence on his
mind (as that of many other biologists during the
turn of the century) of the rediscovery of Mendel's
classical contribution and establishment of the so-
called Mutation Theory by De Vries. This is testified rvf his many papers on variations, mutations and
heredity. MacDougal was editor of De Vries "Species
and Varieties." This interest and "first love/' though
appearing in his publications for several years (Science and Amer. Nat., 1908; Plant World 1909; Bot.
Gaz. and Plant World 1911; Ann. Mo. Hot, Garden,
191o) eventually was submerged by his interest in
environmental and physiological responses of plants,
specifically under desert conditions, concurrent with
the establishment of the research laboratories in Arizona and California. Soon Dr. MacDougal was recognized as one of the leading authorities on desert
ecology, cycles in plant life due to weather and on
physiological effects of heat, light, soil moisture, and
other environmental factors on plant development.
He was intensely interested in studies of growth of
trees with special references to their hydrostatic-
pneumatic systems. The MacDougal Dendrograph,
an instrument for automatic recording of volume
changes in tree trunks, was an outgrow! h of these
studies.
Daniel Trembly MacDougal was born near Liberty, Indiana, on March Hi, 1865. He grew up on a
farm which was homesteaded by his grandparents
who came from Scotland. In 1890, he received the
B.S. degree in science from DePauw University and,
in 1891, the Masters degree from Purdue, This was
followed by studies in Leipzig and Tubingen and subsequent visits to several botanical laboratories in England, Germany, and Holland, 1895-96. The Leipzig
studies on "the curvature of roots" was the basis
upon which Purdue University granted the young
non-resident scientist the Ph.D. degree in 1897.
Dr. MacDougal's appreciation of the arid regions
of the West very likely stems from his botanical explorations in Arizona and Idaho it) 1891-92 while he
was an Agent of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, and
his interest in physiology from his studies abroad and
when he was an Instructor and Assistant Professor
in Plant  Physiology a! the Univ. of Minnesota, 189.1
Purdue
UNIVERSITY