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VOL. XXVII. INDIANAPOLIS, IND., APRIL 2, 1892. NO. 14 HOBT-CHLTUBAI. BUILDIHG AT THE COL- UMBiAir Bxposinoir. Immediately sonth of the entrance to Jackson Park from the midway plal_a_.ce, and facing east en the lagoon, is the Horticultural Building. In front ia a flower terrace for outside exhibits including tanks for Nymph _- and the Victoria Regia. The front of the terrace, with its low parapet between large vases, borders the water, and at its center forms a boat landing. The building is 1,000 feet long, with an extreme width of 250 feet. The plan is a Central pavilion with two end pavilions, each connected witb the central one by front and rear curtains, forming two interior courts, each 88tby 270 feet. These courts are beautifully decorated in color and planted with ornamental shrubs and flowers. The center of the pavilion is roofed by a crystal dome 187 feet in diameter and 113 feet high, under which are exhibited the tallest palms, bamboos, and tree ferns that oan be procured. The cost of this building was about f 300,- 000. . ~ ' ' Leaks on the Farm. Kditors Indiana Farmer: In my estimation one of the greatest, if not the greatest leak in pro ti _ of farming, is in the care and feeding of stock, especially at this time ofthe year. How- many of us have our stock in as thrifty a 1 condition now. as when .they were taken from pasture Uat'falT? "fi tliis"i_bt a serious leak in the profits if we allow our cattle to go on to pasture next spring lighter in weight than they were last fall? I believe I am safe in saying that it is the case with 90 per cent of the cattle of Indiana every spring. Could not this leak be stopped by a better method of feeding, sheltering, eto? It is a question every farmer should consider. Cass Co. John P. Maktin. Editors Indiana Farmer: One of the "leaks" of farming is idleness during the winter. It has been well" said "a farmer need not be idle a single day during the year." This is true of any successful business man. Where is the prosperous merchant or banker who leaves his business to take care of itself, virtu- ally three months eaoh year ? Business men take vacations and so ought the farmers, but winter is the time for weeks of work that have to be dine some time. This is the way many talk: "Spring ia here and no manure hauled; will have to hire a man for a week" ' It is getting so late that I'll just hire all my wood cut this year." -"It's right to begin Plowing but the plows will have to go to the shop first." Another saya: «'I will have to hire that field of stalks cut; wish i had broken them some cold morning last winter." Fences and gates to repair, and a multitude ot other things that could and ought to have been done before the rush of spring work. Consequence, late crops and lots of money paid out. This getting nothing done is a very ex- Pensive leak on some farms. I like the discussions in the Fabmkb very much. Hamilton Co. jHo. S. Wltori Indiana Farmer: Thegreatest leak on the farm in my mind, w: through the cracks in the barn, and •tables. Scarcely ten out of thousand we __ir stables warm enough in winter. «e greatest leak is Inthe cow stable; or "ther in the cow stables, through the openings. The worst opening is tinder «• sills; sometimes a board is loose, or a __?i, **** or two ta out 5 ««» droppings ™nie like rocks in the morning. In such r** the mll* has leaked out, and only a w q_MaMtyto,0ft *<> go Into the pail.' jr ******** say cows don't pay; «•> cows lose flesh, and it takes about half s--»__.mmert0 wcrnlt theal- 'M-roy* ■••""ed good farmer houses hia tools and machinery, but fails to house his stock properly; too many openings for 'the warmth to go out, and the cold in. Often the cattle aud horses face the cold barn floor. It iii handy to feed, but the stock suffer torture most all winter; such cattle show it in their staring look, and rough dry coat. I cannot think of a greater leak on the farm. I feel sometimes like I would wish to have the power to tie the owners of such stock in their stables, for one night. I believe they wonld see the leak, and remedy it the next day. True, a beast can stand exposure better than a man, but there is a limit to the endurance even in a beast. John Bennett. Sunman. Editors Indiana Farmer: I,was pleased with the article by Frank Meader in the Fabmeb ofthe 13 h inst., in regard to housing farm implements. While his judgmentis good and very good chine is injured more by exposure than by use. Henry Baker. Worthington. Editors Indiana Farmer: You call for short contributions on "Some of the leaks'in farming." This is a very important subject. Aud there are so many leaks with many farmers that one can hardly begin with a short article. If we consider all the mismanagements and poor judgments of farmers which occasion losses, and call them leaks there would be no end to it. As a farmer myself, I make the confession at the outset, that as a class we have yet much to learn. Perhaps no other branch of industry is less systematized than ours. And in no other business, is there more to learn. The most intelligent farmer is a student his entire life. The shallow headed politician who said, it required no education to be a farmer, is-resting his land, makes a mistake; it is a "leak." The man who habitually plants wheat on wheat stubble, and corn on corn stubble, and falls to properly rotate his crops with clover, Is impoverishing his soil, and is a robber. He is stealing his own watch. It is a "leak." The man who persists in breeding and raising scrub stock, instead . of thoroughbred, is sustaining a "leak." The man who fails to subscribe for a good agricultural paper, snch as the Indiana Fabmer, and keep up with the times, is sustaining quite a bad "leak.". The man who does subscribe for a good agricultural paper, and makes no improvement whatever in his methods of farming, had better have saved his dollar, it is a "leak." The man who becomes overzealous in the cause cf religion, and leaves his farm for weeka at a time, in the supposed cause of his Master, and then forgets to pay his threshing bills, has met with the greatest "leak," of all. He loses his grip, In this world, and all hope in the next. Marshall Co. Wm. B. Davis.— HOBTICUI.TOBA-. BUILDlNd AT THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. on the housing of machinery, there was one thing he must have overlooked or forgotten, that is the covering of a binder while in the field to protect it from sunshine, rain and dew; neither of which should be allowed to fall on a binder. The first expense I was to after I got a binder was a covering for it, at a cost of Sl 35 for 15 yards of heavy muslin (yard wide). This made a covering nine feet wide and fifteen feet long—heavy drilling would do better. Yellow ocher and linseed oil for painting one side cost 40 cents, total, f 175. If made of heavy drilling it would last 10 years and save 10 times the cost. Mr. Meader, estimate of 10 years of a housed binder Is all right, but he has certainly overestimated it In making the last at five years lf unhoused. At the end of three years lt would only be worth the price of tbe old iron. A . binder that costs {125 dollars, if unhoused, at the end of four years would be a total loss minus the use of it. As my trade, when a young man, was that of a house carpenter I am able to make a close estimate of the cost of a shed that would hold all the farm machinery, and farm implements needed on a common ordinary sized farm, thus showing what the saving would be in five years as estimated by Mr. Meader. A shed 16x24 would answer the purpose. Set posts on rock, let In gronnd; siding seven feet high, shingle roof. Shingles |2 per thousand, siding and frame timber, $15 per thousand, double doors in end, cost of material $28. Any ordinary mechanic could do the work for f 12. Total cost f40. This cost will be savfld inthe value of a binder in one year, to say nothing of the saving of other machinery housed in the same shed. Any wagon, buggy or ma- showed a wonderful capacity for Ignorance. True, it does not require great intelligence to pitch hay, or dig potatoes, but that does not constitute an intelligent farmer. Nor ia the intelligent farmer measured by hia acrea or the number of bushels of wheat or corn he raises, nor by the number of pounds of wool he produces nor the number of bullocks he sells. But it is he who shows system, and good judg ment, in all the details ofthe farm; he who cares for the comfort, aud well doing of all his stock; he who brings every foot of his land under cultivation, and increases its fertility year by year, and has caused two blades of grass to grow, where one grew before. The reverse of these things may be justly termed "leaks," and they exist, more or less, over the entire land. I know men who appear to have been'born tired, they lose from one to two hours each morning, the very best part of the day, laying in bed. This is a bad "leak" and it has become chronic, and will stay right with them. I know men who appear to have studied to see how near they can come to doing everything wrong, notone particle of their work ls done right, from year in to year out. To my vision that is another bad "leak." The man who neglects to thoroughly drain his wet fields, plows around his ponds, etc., receiving half ;the crop he should receive, is sustaining a bad "leak." The man who throws his manure into a heap, and lets It lay until it ferments, and throws off most of its value ln gases, and by leaking, is sustaining _ "leak" which he cannot afford. The man who lets his stalk field lie idle the year following his crop of corn, and grow up with weeds, under the impression that he As to Cos of Raising: Wheat. Editors Indiana Farmer: I have been reading the many reports from farmers on wheat raising, and its cost. And in my humble way would like to take the floor, by the side of brother Hustle, in your Issue of Feb. 13, and advance a few-ideas of my own: whether light or wrong I will leave the readers of the Fabmer to judge. I think my brother farmers are making a sad mistake vying with each other in reports on the cheap production of wheat. , The farmers and laborers all over the country have been organizing under different names to present a. solid front, and for what? To make demands of our Congress and State Legislatures to bring about some measure to relieve the farmer of the present burden or depression under which he is groaning, (whether real or imaginary). Now, brother farmers Inthe very faoe of these ft cts are we not laying the foundation for lower prices for our produce? When the controlling power of the mar-' ket!-, the gambling boards of trade, can confront us with our own figures showing that we can raise wheat, and deliver it in the market for the small sum of 50 cents per bushel, can we reasonably expect any more? Certainly not. Is farming a business that requires brains, or is it an occupation that any half idiot may follow and be successful in? If classed with the former, then in making our reports why not allow ourselves such dally wages as other intelligent workmen demand? Suppose the farmer wants to build a new house: he calls on the stone mason to lay the wall. Will he tell you he will work for 75 cents per day; no indeed. He will charge you f 2 50 or $3 for eight or 10 hours work, and you must board him. And the carpenters muat have the same wages, either by the day or job. When we call on the painter he also must have more for eight hours' work, and board for himself and horse, than you allow yourself and team for 12 hours' hard toil and board yourself. I would not have you understand me to be a chronic grumbler or fault finder, but let us be careful brother farmer how we report the expense and profit on our forms, lest we suffer In the future more than at present. I am a farmer and from experience and observation for the last twenty years, considering failures and losses, over which the farmer has control I think we can not raise wheat for less than fl per bushel and net 10 per oent on our investment and no business man counts - less than 10 per cent a paying profit. Whitley Co. J. M. D.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1892, v. 27, no. 14 (Apr. 2) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA2714 |
Date of Original | 1892 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2010-11-10 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | VOL. XXVII. INDIANAPOLIS, IND., APRIL 2, 1892. NO. 14 HOBT-CHLTUBAI. BUILDIHG AT THE COL- UMBiAir Bxposinoir. Immediately sonth of the entrance to Jackson Park from the midway plal_a_.ce, and facing east en the lagoon, is the Horticultural Building. In front ia a flower terrace for outside exhibits including tanks for Nymph _- and the Victoria Regia. The front of the terrace, with its low parapet between large vases, borders the water, and at its center forms a boat landing. The building is 1,000 feet long, with an extreme width of 250 feet. The plan is a Central pavilion with two end pavilions, each connected witb the central one by front and rear curtains, forming two interior courts, each 88tby 270 feet. These courts are beautifully decorated in color and planted with ornamental shrubs and flowers. The center of the pavilion is roofed by a crystal dome 187 feet in diameter and 113 feet high, under which are exhibited the tallest palms, bamboos, and tree ferns that oan be procured. The cost of this building was about f 300,- 000. . ~ ' ' Leaks on the Farm. Kditors Indiana Farmer: In my estimation one of the greatest, if not the greatest leak in pro ti _ of farming, is in the care and feeding of stock, especially at this time ofthe year. How- many of us have our stock in as thrifty a 1 condition now. as when .they were taken from pasture Uat'falT? "fi tliis"i_bt a serious leak in the profits if we allow our cattle to go on to pasture next spring lighter in weight than they were last fall? I believe I am safe in saying that it is the case with 90 per cent of the cattle of Indiana every spring. Could not this leak be stopped by a better method of feeding, sheltering, eto? It is a question every farmer should consider. Cass Co. John P. Maktin. Editors Indiana Farmer: One of the "leaks" of farming is idleness during the winter. It has been well" said "a farmer need not be idle a single day during the year." This is true of any successful business man. Where is the prosperous merchant or banker who leaves his business to take care of itself, virtu- ally three months eaoh year ? Business men take vacations and so ought the farmers, but winter is the time for weeks of work that have to be dine some time. This is the way many talk: "Spring ia here and no manure hauled; will have to hire a man for a week" ' It is getting so late that I'll just hire all my wood cut this year." -"It's right to begin Plowing but the plows will have to go to the shop first." Another saya: «'I will have to hire that field of stalks cut; wish i had broken them some cold morning last winter." Fences and gates to repair, and a multitude ot other things that could and ought to have been done before the rush of spring work. Consequence, late crops and lots of money paid out. This getting nothing done is a very ex- Pensive leak on some farms. I like the discussions in the Fabmkb very much. Hamilton Co. jHo. S. Wltori Indiana Farmer: Thegreatest leak on the farm in my mind, w: through the cracks in the barn, and •tables. Scarcely ten out of thousand we __ir stables warm enough in winter. «e greatest leak is Inthe cow stable; or "ther in the cow stables, through the openings. The worst opening is tinder «• sills; sometimes a board is loose, or a __?i, **** or two ta out 5 ««» droppings ™nie like rocks in the morning. In such r** the mll* has leaked out, and only a w q_MaMtyto,0ft *<> go Into the pail.' jr ******** say cows don't pay; «•> cows lose flesh, and it takes about half s--»__.mmert0 wcrnlt theal- 'M-roy* ■••""ed good farmer houses hia tools and machinery, but fails to house his stock properly; too many openings for 'the warmth to go out, and the cold in. Often the cattle aud horses face the cold barn floor. It iii handy to feed, but the stock suffer torture most all winter; such cattle show it in their staring look, and rough dry coat. I cannot think of a greater leak on the farm. I feel sometimes like I would wish to have the power to tie the owners of such stock in their stables, for one night. I believe they wonld see the leak, and remedy it the next day. True, a beast can stand exposure better than a man, but there is a limit to the endurance even in a beast. John Bennett. Sunman. Editors Indiana Farmer: I,was pleased with the article by Frank Meader in the Fabmeb ofthe 13 h inst., in regard to housing farm implements. While his judgmentis good and very good chine is injured more by exposure than by use. Henry Baker. Worthington. Editors Indiana Farmer: You call for short contributions on "Some of the leaks'in farming." This is a very important subject. Aud there are so many leaks with many farmers that one can hardly begin with a short article. If we consider all the mismanagements and poor judgments of farmers which occasion losses, and call them leaks there would be no end to it. As a farmer myself, I make the confession at the outset, that as a class we have yet much to learn. Perhaps no other branch of industry is less systematized than ours. And in no other business, is there more to learn. The most intelligent farmer is a student his entire life. The shallow headed politician who said, it required no education to be a farmer, is-resting his land, makes a mistake; it is a "leak." The man who habitually plants wheat on wheat stubble, and corn on corn stubble, and falls to properly rotate his crops with clover, Is impoverishing his soil, and is a robber. He is stealing his own watch. It is a "leak." The man who persists in breeding and raising scrub stock, instead . of thoroughbred, is sustaining a "leak." The man who fails to subscribe for a good agricultural paper, snch as the Indiana Fabmer, and keep up with the times, is sustaining quite a bad "leak.". The man who does subscribe for a good agricultural paper, and makes no improvement whatever in his methods of farming, had better have saved his dollar, it is a "leak." The man who becomes overzealous in the cause cf religion, and leaves his farm for weeka at a time, in the supposed cause of his Master, and then forgets to pay his threshing bills, has met with the greatest "leak," of all. He loses his grip, In this world, and all hope in the next. Marshall Co. Wm. B. Davis.— HOBTICUI.TOBA-. BUILDlNd AT THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. on the housing of machinery, there was one thing he must have overlooked or forgotten, that is the covering of a binder while in the field to protect it from sunshine, rain and dew; neither of which should be allowed to fall on a binder. The first expense I was to after I got a binder was a covering for it, at a cost of Sl 35 for 15 yards of heavy muslin (yard wide). This made a covering nine feet wide and fifteen feet long—heavy drilling would do better. Yellow ocher and linseed oil for painting one side cost 40 cents, total, f 175. If made of heavy drilling it would last 10 years and save 10 times the cost. Mr. Meader, estimate of 10 years of a housed binder Is all right, but he has certainly overestimated it In making the last at five years lf unhoused. At the end of three years lt would only be worth the price of tbe old iron. A . binder that costs {125 dollars, if unhoused, at the end of four years would be a total loss minus the use of it. As my trade, when a young man, was that of a house carpenter I am able to make a close estimate of the cost of a shed that would hold all the farm machinery, and farm implements needed on a common ordinary sized farm, thus showing what the saving would be in five years as estimated by Mr. Meader. A shed 16x24 would answer the purpose. Set posts on rock, let In gronnd; siding seven feet high, shingle roof. Shingles |2 per thousand, siding and frame timber, $15 per thousand, double doors in end, cost of material $28. Any ordinary mechanic could do the work for f 12. Total cost f40. This cost will be savfld inthe value of a binder in one year, to say nothing of the saving of other machinery housed in the same shed. Any wagon, buggy or ma- showed a wonderful capacity for Ignorance. True, it does not require great intelligence to pitch hay, or dig potatoes, but that does not constitute an intelligent farmer. Nor ia the intelligent farmer measured by hia acrea or the number of bushels of wheat or corn he raises, nor by the number of pounds of wool he produces nor the number of bullocks he sells. But it is he who shows system, and good judg ment, in all the details ofthe farm; he who cares for the comfort, aud well doing of all his stock; he who brings every foot of his land under cultivation, and increases its fertility year by year, and has caused two blades of grass to grow, where one grew before. The reverse of these things may be justly termed "leaks," and they exist, more or less, over the entire land. I know men who appear to have been'born tired, they lose from one to two hours each morning, the very best part of the day, laying in bed. This is a bad "leak" and it has become chronic, and will stay right with them. I know men who appear to have studied to see how near they can come to doing everything wrong, notone particle of their work ls done right, from year in to year out. To my vision that is another bad "leak." The man who neglects to thoroughly drain his wet fields, plows around his ponds, etc., receiving half ;the crop he should receive, is sustaining a bad "leak." The man who throws his manure into a heap, and lets It lay until it ferments, and throws off most of its value ln gases, and by leaking, is sustaining _ "leak" which he cannot afford. The man who lets his stalk field lie idle the year following his crop of corn, and grow up with weeds, under the impression that he As to Cos of Raising: Wheat. Editors Indiana Farmer: I have been reading the many reports from farmers on wheat raising, and its cost. And in my humble way would like to take the floor, by the side of brother Hustle, in your Issue of Feb. 13, and advance a few-ideas of my own: whether light or wrong I will leave the readers of the Fabmer to judge. I think my brother farmers are making a sad mistake vying with each other in reports on the cheap production of wheat. , The farmers and laborers all over the country have been organizing under different names to present a. solid front, and for what? To make demands of our Congress and State Legislatures to bring about some measure to relieve the farmer of the present burden or depression under which he is groaning, (whether real or imaginary). Now, brother farmers Inthe very faoe of these ft cts are we not laying the foundation for lower prices for our produce? When the controlling power of the mar-' ket!-, the gambling boards of trade, can confront us with our own figures showing that we can raise wheat, and deliver it in the market for the small sum of 50 cents per bushel, can we reasonably expect any more? Certainly not. Is farming a business that requires brains, or is it an occupation that any half idiot may follow and be successful in? If classed with the former, then in making our reports why not allow ourselves such dally wages as other intelligent workmen demand? Suppose the farmer wants to build a new house: he calls on the stone mason to lay the wall. Will he tell you he will work for 75 cents per day; no indeed. He will charge you f 2 50 or $3 for eight or 10 hours work, and you must board him. And the carpenters muat have the same wages, either by the day or job. When we call on the painter he also must have more for eight hours' work, and board for himself and horse, than you allow yourself and team for 12 hours' hard toil and board yourself. I would not have you understand me to be a chronic grumbler or fault finder, but let us be careful brother farmer how we report the expense and profit on our forms, lest we suffer In the future more than at present. I am a farmer and from experience and observation for the last twenty years, considering failures and losses, over which the farmer has control I think we can not raise wheat for less than fl per bushel and net 10 per oent on our investment and no business man counts - less than 10 per cent a paying profit. Whitley Co. J. M. D. |
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