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cus IAD** Live Stock* HOLSTEIN CATTLE. There is, perhaps, the least known about this breed of cattle of any in the country, and especially is this true of the West. The first we hear of them in this country were the importations by the Dutch emigrants along the Hudson and its tributaries in the early settlements of New York. English stock writers give us precious little concerning this breed. The fact that the Holstein breed is now capable of transmitting, with unde viating certainty .constitutional characteristics to their progeny, is proof that they were bred with great care, perhaps more than a century ago ; for it is well established that it is only by fixed, continuous, and systematic breeding for a great period that any breed obtains this power. As a breed they excel as milkers. Invariably they are black and white in color, and are reckoned among the best dairy breeds. A Mr. Le Roy, of New York, imported in 1823, some of these cattle, and they were afterward taken by his son to the Genesee valley in that State. They were remarkable for the yield ana richness of their milk. But they in a few years orossed with Short- Horns, by which the purity of the breed was lost. It was from this that the fine grades now so much esteemed in parts of Orange county, New York, sprang. There are at present in that section of the State some of these Holstein grades which scarcely have a superior forthe butter dairy anywhere in this country. The only pure blood Holsteins of which we have any knowledge in this country, are the get of those imported by a Mr. Chenery, of Boston, Massachusetts, in 1861, and placed on a farm near that city. This importation was certified by oflicial authority in Holland, as being pure. A four year old bull weigiied 2,465 pounds, height five feet. The cows imported averaged each 1,325. One of the cows, by test of six days' milk, produced seventeen pounds, fourteen ounces of good butter. As a dairy breed they promise to equal any known. For beef, though heavy, they have not been tested long enough to determine their relative merits with other breeds. Colonel Will Cumback, of this State, we hear is about to make a purchase of some Holstein cows, and to give them a trial. We note this feet with pleasure, as we should like to see them introduced into the West and tested for dairy purposes. We hope to have a description of these new-comers when they arrive, as well as a report of their qualities. SHEEP . HUSBANDRY DOGS. AND THE Editors Indiana Farmer:—I see an article in your issue of the 4th inst., headed "No Dog Tax," dated Crawfordsville, Ind., and signed " J. S." The writer says: "No doubt but sheep-husbandry needs some protection." I would ask, how shall we protect sheep-husbandry without a dog tax ? But he says make the owners of the dogs responsible for the damage done. This is the case at present. The first trouble we meet in making the_ owners' of dogs responsible is to identify the dog, and then prove the ownership. The second trouble is, after you have found the dog and owner, ten to one if he is worth three hundred dollars, and if not, you could not colleot the worth of one old ewe off of him. " J. S." asks if it is right that I should help pay for a crop of corn that my neighbors' cattle had destroyed, just because I am the owner of a cow? He then says that in his judgment the owner of a cow should be just as liable for damage done by his nfiighbors' cattle, as the owner of a dog is for the damage done by his neighbor's dog. We answer, no; it would not be right for the owner of a cow to help pay for damage done by his neighbor's cattle for several reasons : First, because there is no trouble in identifying cattle and the owner, and the owners of cattle are as a general rule responsible; second, cattle, sheep and hogs have a value and are taxed ad valorem for the support of the State, county and township governments: third, cows can not well be dispensed with. The high and the low, the lich and tho poor, have need of them, and the more a man has of cattle the better off he is._ The .more dogs he has, the worse he is off. Dogs have no value, and can not be Jtaxed advalorum. Suppose the assessor {should attempt to assess a dog ad valo- rum, and ask the owner what he is worth. He would answer, " oh, nothing—he is nothing but a dog." And yet there are men that keep more dogs than cattle or sheep. The man that keeps .many dogs seldom has many cattle or sheep; and the man that keeps many cattle and sheep, keeps but few dogs. . One cow is worth more to a poor man's family than a thousand dogs; and yet there are poor men who will keep two or three dogs and no cow. Now, Mr. "J. S.," I do not think your comparison a good one. You think dogs ought not to be taxed; and yet they do more damage to property than all the cattle in the country. And were it not foi* the tax on dogs, the owners of sheep killed by dogs would lose the value of their property so destroyed. The dog tax is scarcely sufficient to pay for the sheep killed by them. NEVER GETS FULL PAY. In cases where dogs kill fine sheep, the owner never gets full pay. I have a neighbor that has just_ bought eleven head of fine ewes, for whioh he paid $156. if the dogs should kill them, he would never get more than half their worth. " J. S." thinks the tax ought to be taken off of dogs. I think it ought to be doubled, to encourage the raising of fine sheep, and to discourage the raising of worthless dogs, which eat the bread and meat that ought to be given to the children. TO SHOW THE DAMAGE These worthless dogs do, I will give a a statement from the Township Trustee of my township: For the last_ three years and ten months, sheep killed, 216. Valuation, $648.00. Dog tax, per year, $165.00. Township in debt for sheep killed, $153.00. It is estimated that there has been 2,000 sheep killed by dogs in Montgomery county in the last three years. Estimate them at $2.50 per head, acd you have a total of $5,000, With all this staring us in the face, "J. 8." says "No dog tax." I say tax them double, and make the ownsers responsible also. I am a farmer, granger, and a raiser of cattle, sheep and hogs, on a small scale—and a. dog hater. . Greenback. For the Indiana Fanner. PHILOSOPHY OF STOCK-BREED. ING-NO. 2. It is evident to every one that all that is in the animal system is first obtained from the food that has been eaten. The material of which the body is composed is constantly changing; new matter is continually beitg absorbed and assimilated, while that which has served its purpose in the animal economy, is eliminated and excreted from the system. A constant supply of food is necessary to supply this constant drain on th.e system; and as all parts of the body are subject to these changes in a greater or less degree of rapidity, it is evident that in order to maintain a_ healthy condition, the food must contain all the elements that enter into the animal frame. The bodies of animals consist of both solid and fluid parts. These!vary, slightly with different species. The solid parts consist chiefly of muscle, fat and bones. The muscles contain, in 100 parts, about 23 of dry matter, and 77 of water. There is but little difference between the muscle and the blood of an animal, as appears from the following: Dry Matter. Water. Muscle 23 77 Blood ~ - 20 80 lt will thus be seen that there is but three per cent, more water in the blood of an animal than in its muscle. All the substances of the animal body exist first in the blood, and by that are carried to the various parts of the system. The bones are composed of both organic and inorganic matter, in varying proportions, the following being about the average proportions: Gelatin „ „. 35 Phosphate of lime 55 Carbonate of lime _ 4 Phosphite of lime _ 3 Soda, potash and common salt 3 100 Besides the bones, the solid parts of animals are composed of fats and oils, fibrin, gelatin, and albumen, with various earthy phosphates and salts' in small quantities. In order that the condition of the animal may be maintained, the food on which the animal feeds must contain them in quantities sufficient to meet the demand of the system, and if any particular part, as the fat or bones, is to be especially developed, the food furnished should be especially rich in that kind of food that contains these elements in the greatest quantities. In general terms, there must be sugar or starch, to supply the carbon for respiration. Oil, in some shape, to supply fat to the body; gluten or fibrin, for the muscles or cartilages; phosphates, for the bones, and sulphates and chlorides, to meet tho demands of the system for these elements. These elements are found in varying proportions in the different articles employed as food for stock. It is the province of the feeder to investigate this subject, and select that which most fully meets the demands of his particular case. We wish hereafter to- take up tha different kinds of food, and by a careful examination of their elements, determine both their general value as articles of food, and also their special adaptation to the demands of particular parts of the animal system. ■ It is only by this careful study of the wants of the animal system, and the adaptation of ths various kinds of food to meet those wants, that we oan engage in stook-feeding intelligently and economically. L. J. Templin. For the Indiana Farmer. > Visit to Center-Grove Farm—the Home ofthe Berkshire. A. S. Gilmour and J. W. Craig's Center-Grove Farm, the residence of Mr. A. S. Gilmour, is situated in Decatur county, Indiana, one and a quarter miles from the thriving city of Greensburg, and is one of as line farms as there is in the county, and is well watered and very finely [adapted to the raising of stock. Mr. G. also informed me that the whole farm was tile-underdrained. After taking a look at the farm buildings, including the c«,rn-cribs. which are well-filled with the very choicest of yellow corn. We were shown THE STOCK OF BERK8HIRES. At the head of the herd stands " The Queen of the West, (a cut of which appeared in the Farmer of some time ago). She is an "exceedingly fine proportioned sow, and an excellent breeder—has been in the show-ring for the Jhree years past, and has been very successful in taking most all the premiums in her class at the leadingfairs of the State, as, also, at the State Fair. She now has a fine litter of pigs six or eight weeks old, all finely marked. She now weighs close on to six hundred pounds—(who says Berkshires are too small?) Next we were shown "British Lady." This is also a show hog—not as well known as "The Queen ofthe West," but in no way inferior to the Queen. She jnso'- has a litter of very Bile 'pigs,'and at this writing weighs 550 pounds. (Fact, for there is a scale on the farm, and she was ■weighed.) We then went to see "Matoh- less." This sow is one among the best, and had at her last piging, fifteen pigs, of which twelve were raised, and without any extra care, were taken from the sow, shipped ever 150 miles, were on the road two days, taken from the cars and shown at the fair, where they received the first Ipremim [over some ten entries. Among the young sows are '' Indiana Maid," bred from importation of J. R. Craig, of Canada; also "'BourbonGirl," from imported stock and bred in Kentucky. They are as fine sows as it is possible to get; and the last pig we looked at was "No. 1," and her litter of eight, all .fine, and not as with common hogs—there was no runt in the whole lot. Mr. Gilmour has some Poland- Chinas, of which we will speak hereafter. After passing through and seeing all the joung hogs, some 40 or 50 in number, Mr. G. hitched up his buggy and we soon foundjourselves on the road to J. W. Craig's (one of the firm) farm, which is situated two and a half miles east of Greensburg. The house is situated in the middle of the farm with a fine slope in all directions—Mr. C. being near the road, we alighted from our buggy and commenced the inspection of his ■ , HERD OF BERKSniRES. Among those whioh are the most worthy of nqtice we will mention " Oxford Lady." She is from J. R. Craig's, (of Canada), herd, is two years old past—she was sired by " Sambo II " (imp.) dam " Oxford Queen " (imp.)—both sire and dam being prize animals. She received the second premium at the London Provincial Fair in 1873—ber half sister taking the first. She now has only three pigs, the others having met with a misfortune. Her last 'litter consisted of 12 good pigs. " Dew Drop " is also a fine sow, with pigs eight or ten weeks old. Also "Craig's Beauty" (his we had the pleasure of namiDg) ; she is a young sow of one year, as also " Queen the Second,' (we also named this one), bred from "Queen of the West," and sired by " Bob; " Bob is four years old, and will weigh in good flesh 706 pounds—has been in the show ring for three seasons, and has never been beaten in his class except once, and then by John B. Craig's " Lord Humphrey." "Lord Humphrey" since sold for $600. " Bob" is too well known to the readers of the Farmer to need any further description. PREMIUMS TAKEN. Messrs. Gilmour & Co.informed us that they have taken forty-nine premiums on Berkshires in the fall of 1875 at leading fairs in this and other States, and also that they have sold within the last month over forty head of pigs, including several fine brood sows. The nnmber of young Berkshires is now close on to 100. The number of Berkshire sows bred by Messrs. Gilmour & Co. was 31 in all, 22 at Mr. C.'s, and 9 at Mr. G.'s. POLAND CHINAS. "Betsy," an uncommonly fine specimen of this breed, will weigh between 700 aod 800 pounds, and has proved herself an excellent breeder. She has competed at four fairs, winning four premiums, one being a sweepstake prize. Next is " Hoosier Lady," almost as large, if not quite. But as she has not been weighed lately, only an estimate can be made. She is a good breeder, and one whioh does honor to the Poland-Chinas. There is a lot of fine young animals, and all we can say for them will be that we have never seen their superiors. The number of Poland Chinas is about 30. After inspecting the pens, we were invited to the house, where we found a most excellent dinner awaiting us, such as hungry hoosiers could wish. Our time to remain being rather limited, we thanked our host and hostess, and took our departure, with our first (but by no means our last) visit to Mr. Craig. But we could not come away until we had made a purchase, whioh we hope all will do who visit Messrs. Gilmour & Craig. They take great pride in showing their stock to visitors, and making their visits aa pleasant as possible. Messrs. G. & C. informed me the£ had disposed of 40 head of pigs in the three weeks past. T. W. W. Sunman. Spades, Ind. Who Can Beat It. Editors Indiana Farmer :—On December the 7th, 1875, Henry Elier, of Van Buren township and county of Monroe, weighed fifty (50) hogs of his own feeding, (taking his whole lot excepting one), whose total weight was 17,573 lbs. being an average of 351 23 50 lbs. and no ho£ weighed less than 3201bs. The above lot of hogs averaged on the 12th of September last 1601bs.—were fed eighty-five days, their gain being on an average of.191 Jibs. Sold to Wm. N. Roseberry (ex-Representative of Monroe county) for $7,40' per hundred. Said lot of hogs were weighed one at a time, and I tallied the weights of the same. W. M. A. Kikby. Bloomington, Ind. ■ » e Plymouth, Ind., Dec. 10th. Editor Indiana Farmer :—You will confer a favor on the undersigned by publishing the" following: ■■•■•--.- A cure for the epizootic, discovered and used by John Jacoby, of Pylmouth, Ind., who has treated many horses during the past season with good success. Sunflower seed one (1) tablespoonful twice a day. mixed with bran or oats. Commence givingas soon as cough commences. Give twice a day for three days, and then once'a day until the cough subsides. _ Moderate working during the time will not injure the horse. John Jacoby. AMENDMENTS TO THE TTJTION. CONSTI- Warsaw, Ind., Dec. 6th. Editor Indiana Farmer : — John Hinkson has sold one litter of twelve pigs, Poland-Chinas, weight on Dec. 4th. three thousand pounds; pigged the 30th of March last, to J. Fisher. Isaac Brady. Green Fodder. In Europe, experiments with green corn stalks and rye buried close in pitp, have shown that the oorn stalks after being buried four months kept perfectly well and in good condition, but the rye did not keep as well. The corn stalks kept so well because they contained the largest proportion of water, or 80 per cent. The green rye only held at 70 per cent. Pits filled in December with a layer of ice in the top, before covering, kept down to the low temperature till the last. _ We are informed that Professor Miles designs to try this system of saving fodder at the Illinois Industrial University during the present winter. t ■ »» * Is Drainage Needed? What are the effects of drainage? Thorough drainage deepens the soil. Of what use is it to plow deep and manure heavily, while the soil is full of water? The roots of plants will go down into*stagnant water ; the elements of plant food are not all on the surface, many of them have been washed down by the rains, some of them are found in the decomposing rocks themselves. Take away the water and the roots will find them. Drainage lengthens the seasons. In our climate this is an important point to be gained. If by drainage one .or two weeks could be gained it would be quite a relief in our backward springs, when there is so much to be done in a short space of time. Drainage increases the effect of tho application of manure. The soil being dryer, is more easily worked fine. The manure is also more evenly distributed. The water also passing through the soil carries fertilizing matter down to the roots of the plants. Where there is stagnant water manure must decompose slowly, if at all,' but let the water pass off, the air is admitted, and decomposition takes place. What observing man is there tnat does not know that his crops are improved in quality by drainage? Sweet English grass and clover take the place of sedge and rushes.— Ploughman. Proposed at the Ninth Annual Session of the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, at Louisville, Ky., November, 1875. 1. Amend the preamble, nnder the head of "State Grange," by Bubstituting the following for section 1: "Section 1. Fifth Degree. Pomona (Hope). Composed of the Masters and Past Masters of Subordinate Granges, and their wives who are matrons: provided that Past Masters and their wives who are matrons shall be honorary members, eligible to office, but not entitled to vote; and provided that when the number of Subordinate Granges in any State becomes so great as to render it necessary, the State Grange may, ln such manner|as it may determine, reduce its representatives by providing for the election of a certain proportion of those entitled to membership in the State Grange from each county, and the members so chosen shall constitute the voting members of the State Grange." 2. Amend the preamble, under the head of "State Grange," by adding the following: " The wives of the delegates elected to the State Grange, as provided for in the preceding section, if matrons, shall be voting members of that body." 3. Amend the constitution, nnder thc head of ' Organization of State Granges," in the 4th line of page 4, by striking out the words " not to exceed three. 4. Amend the preamble to the constitution under the head " National Grange," by inserting between tlie words " Master" and " of," where they occur in the second line of said paragraph, the words " Past Masters and their wives," and also by adding at the close of said paragraph the words following, to-wit: " Provided that only those members of the National Grange who are Masters of State Granges, and their wives who are matrons,- shall bc entitled to vote therein; and provided further, that Past Masters and their wives who have taken the Degree of Pomona, and all former members of the National Grange, shall be honorary members of the National Grange, and eligible to office therein, but shall not be entitled to vote." 5. Amend article 1, section 1, of the constitution by inserting the word " District" between the words " State " and " or," where they occur in tho second line of said section. 6. Amend article l,Fection2, of the constitution by inserting between the words " practicable "and " in," where they occur in the fourth line of said section, the words following, to-wit: " In the District Grange annually at such time as each District Grange may determine." 7. Amend article 1, section 2, of the constitution by striking out the word " three," where it occurs in the sixth line of said section, and inserting in lieu thereof the word " two." 8. Amend article 2, section 2, of the constitution by inserting between th& words "annually" and "at," where they occur in the first line of said section, the words "or biennially," and by striking out the words "from year to year," where they occur in the second line of said section. 9. Amend article 6 of the constitution by substituting the following therefor: "Each State Grange shall fix the fee for membership iu its own jurisdiction." 10. Amend article 5 by adding thc following after the word "refunded," in the seventh line of said article : "And no petition shall be received from a rejected applicant until six months shall have elapsed after such rejection." 11. Amend article 7, section 1, of the constitution by substituting therefor the following: "Eacli member shall pay into the treasury of tbe Subordinate Grange to which he belongs a monthly due, to be determined by the State Grange to which it is attached." 12. Amend article 7, section 2, of the constitution by substituting therefor the following: "The Secretary of each Subordinate Grange shall report quarterly to the Secretary of his State Grange the number of persons initiated since his last report, and also the number who, by death, expulsion, removal, or otherwise, have ceased to be members within the same time; and shall paytotheSecretaryto theState Grange such an amount of dues on each member and fees for each person initiated during the quarter as the State Grange may determine; provided that any State Grange may require such reports and payments to be made through the Secretaries of the County Granges." 13. Amend article 7, section 3, of the constitution by striking out the word "ten," where it occurs in the third line of said section, and Inserting in lieu thereof the word 'thirty." 14. Amend article 8, section 7, of the constitution by striking out the word "one," where it occurs in the first line of said section, and inserting in lieu thereof the word "two." The committee recommend that thc Secretary be instructed immediately after the adjournment of the session to cause to be printed on slips of paper the proposed amendments to the constitution, numbered as above, and to forward a copy of the same to the Master of each State Grange and a duplicate copy to thc Secretary thereof, and that each proposed amendment shall be considered by the State Granges as distinct and substantive propositions; that the Master of each State Grange be instructed to submit the proposed amendments to his State Grange at the next session thereof for ratification, and cause the Secretary of his State Grange to communicate to the Secretary of the National Grange, under the seal of the State Grange, the result of the action of his Grange upon each proposition. When the Secretary of the National Grange shall have received official information that any one or more of said proposed amendments have been ratified by three-fourths of all the State Granges lie shall communicate the same to the Master of the National Grange, who shall at once make official proclamation thereof; and the Executive Committee shall cause to be printed such a number oi the amended constitution and by-laws as in their judgment the good of the Order may de- NEV7S OF THE WEEK There were 32 deaths In this city last week. Oakland City, Gibson county, is afflicted with small-pox. The postmaster at Noble, 111., is in arrest for robbing the mails. Three students were last week expelled from Wabash College for gambling. A Ripley county farmer raised 879 bushels of corn en 10 4-6 acres the past season. Boss Tweed has not yet been found. It is thought he has not "jumped" his native heath. The 84th Indiana Regiment will hold a reunion on the 8th of February next, at South bend. The resignation of President Shortridge of Purdue University has been accepted by the Board of Trustees. The Bedford, Ind., High School, by a festival held last week, contributed $167 to the Centennial fund. A new $30,000 M. E. Church edifice was dedicated at Greensburg, on Sunday last, by Rev. Bayliss of this city. Mrs. Sallie M. Parker, of Greensburg, has receiveved an appointment of a clerkship in the Treasury department. The opposition in the M. E Church to Bishop Haven's nomination of Grant for a third term, is wide-spread. The periodic riot between whites and negroes in Mississippi, has just occurred again. A few of each were wounded. Milwaukee contributes two more cTooked whisky men for the State prison—in persons of Burback and Reynolds, rectifiers. James Ferguson, recently convicted of murder at Madison, Ind., and sentenced to prison for 21 years, escaped from the officers on Saturday last. Burglars have been getting in their work at Noblesville. Cracraft's fancy grocery store was robbed of $500 worth of goods on Saturday night last. And now it is the operators ofthe Western Union Telegraph Company whose wages are to be reduced January lst and they are not well pleased thereat. The Spanish appear greatly excited over Grant's allusions in his message to Spanish and Cuban affairs. They misapprehended the meaning of the message. Gen. Babcock, the President's private Secretary, has given bail in the sum of $7,000 for his appearance for trial at St. Louis, for complicity in the whisky frauds. A lad in Adams county, Ind.; put a cartridge in his mouth and tried his dental formations on it. It exploded the ball splitting his tong- gue and knocking a tooth out. Fortunately, the ball was in the position to escape at the mouth. Postmaster Denny and family, of Vincennes were poisoned at supper on Saturday last, by arsenic having been placed in oyster soup. It was placed there by a servant boy who did it in revenge for some offense. Prompt medical aid saved the family. The boy escaped. Attorney Henderson of St. Louis, who was retained by the Government to assist in the prosecution of the "crooked" spirits trials, took occasion last week during his argument of a case, to refer to the President in not the most complimentary sort of way, for whicli he was dismissed by the President. The crooked whisky trials in progress before the U. S. Court in this city, are developing, even in these wild times, an astonishing amount of perjury, theft, downright lying and other deviltry generally. None have been sentenced as yet, but quite a number arc booked for the penitentiary. The frauds on the revenue are perfectly amazing. Over-Feeding. A correspondent of the Country Gentleman has this to say about over-feod- ing for exhibition: I think the leading breeders of Short- Horns, as well as other breeds, begin to see the folly of pampering their breeding stock for show purposes, if an animal will not on a whole summer's pasturing, look well eneugh for the show ring,_ then the breed is scarcely worth owning._ This is the keynote to successful rearing of stock for the masses, and the true reason why small breeders with limited means have not dared to bring their cattle to exhibitions of any sort, where they would have to compete with meal-fed animals. mand. Respectfully submitted. Useful Article. Catlin, Ind, October, 5, 1875. This is to certify that, having used F. F. Brown's Rein Holder, for the last three months on my buggy, I am fully convined of its utility and safety, and hereby cheerfully recommend it to all whom it may concern. Thomas Bartlett, lt. Pastor M. E. Church, Yountsville, Ind. How to Eaise Early Potatoes. The process is called the Felliez plan, and comes_ to us from France, and consists in being able to have new potatoes in January and February, equal to those ordinarily produced in May and June. Having selected a light friable soil, at least twelve inches in depth ; make a hole ten inches deep, place a little manure, then fill in the soil. The holes ought to be two feet apart. The seed potatoes should bc preserved in charcoal dust till the first of August, the moment for planting, and to be steeped for one hour beforehand, in a solution of half a pound of salt and one quart of water; about the middle of September, mould, and at the same period in October weed, and earth up irrespective of the faded stems ; then cover with a little straw; the tubers will increase underground, independent of all exterior vegetation, and may be gathered in tbe early part of January, although they, will not be fully ripe till the close of February. W^-
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1875, v. 10, no. 50 (Dec. 18) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA1050 |
Date of Original | 1875 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2010-11-01 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | cus IAD** Live Stock* HOLSTEIN CATTLE. There is, perhaps, the least known about this breed of cattle of any in the country, and especially is this true of the West. The first we hear of them in this country were the importations by the Dutch emigrants along the Hudson and its tributaries in the early settlements of New York. English stock writers give us precious little concerning this breed. The fact that the Holstein breed is now capable of transmitting, with unde viating certainty .constitutional characteristics to their progeny, is proof that they were bred with great care, perhaps more than a century ago ; for it is well established that it is only by fixed, continuous, and systematic breeding for a great period that any breed obtains this power. As a breed they excel as milkers. Invariably they are black and white in color, and are reckoned among the best dairy breeds. A Mr. Le Roy, of New York, imported in 1823, some of these cattle, and they were afterward taken by his son to the Genesee valley in that State. They were remarkable for the yield ana richness of their milk. But they in a few years orossed with Short- Horns, by which the purity of the breed was lost. It was from this that the fine grades now so much esteemed in parts of Orange county, New York, sprang. There are at present in that section of the State some of these Holstein grades which scarcely have a superior forthe butter dairy anywhere in this country. The only pure blood Holsteins of which we have any knowledge in this country, are the get of those imported by a Mr. Chenery, of Boston, Massachusetts, in 1861, and placed on a farm near that city. This importation was certified by oflicial authority in Holland, as being pure. A four year old bull weigiied 2,465 pounds, height five feet. The cows imported averaged each 1,325. One of the cows, by test of six days' milk, produced seventeen pounds, fourteen ounces of good butter. As a dairy breed they promise to equal any known. For beef, though heavy, they have not been tested long enough to determine their relative merits with other breeds. Colonel Will Cumback, of this State, we hear is about to make a purchase of some Holstein cows, and to give them a trial. We note this feet with pleasure, as we should like to see them introduced into the West and tested for dairy purposes. We hope to have a description of these new-comers when they arrive, as well as a report of their qualities. SHEEP . HUSBANDRY DOGS. AND THE Editors Indiana Farmer:—I see an article in your issue of the 4th inst., headed "No Dog Tax," dated Crawfordsville, Ind., and signed " J. S." The writer says: "No doubt but sheep-husbandry needs some protection." I would ask, how shall we protect sheep-husbandry without a dog tax ? But he says make the owners of the dogs responsible for the damage done. This is the case at present. The first trouble we meet in making the_ owners' of dogs responsible is to identify the dog, and then prove the ownership. The second trouble is, after you have found the dog and owner, ten to one if he is worth three hundred dollars, and if not, you could not colleot the worth of one old ewe off of him. " J. S." asks if it is right that I should help pay for a crop of corn that my neighbors' cattle had destroyed, just because I am the owner of a cow? He then says that in his judgment the owner of a cow should be just as liable for damage done by his nfiighbors' cattle, as the owner of a dog is for the damage done by his neighbor's dog. We answer, no; it would not be right for the owner of a cow to help pay for damage done by his neighbor's cattle for several reasons : First, because there is no trouble in identifying cattle and the owner, and the owners of cattle are as a general rule responsible; second, cattle, sheep and hogs have a value and are taxed ad valorem for the support of the State, county and township governments: third, cows can not well be dispensed with. The high and the low, the lich and tho poor, have need of them, and the more a man has of cattle the better off he is._ The .more dogs he has, the worse he is off. Dogs have no value, and can not be Jtaxed advalorum. Suppose the assessor {should attempt to assess a dog ad valo- rum, and ask the owner what he is worth. He would answer, " oh, nothing—he is nothing but a dog." And yet there are men that keep more dogs than cattle or sheep. The man that keeps .many dogs seldom has many cattle or sheep; and the man that keeps many cattle and sheep, keeps but few dogs. . One cow is worth more to a poor man's family than a thousand dogs; and yet there are poor men who will keep two or three dogs and no cow. Now, Mr. "J. S.," I do not think your comparison a good one. You think dogs ought not to be taxed; and yet they do more damage to property than all the cattle in the country. And were it not foi* the tax on dogs, the owners of sheep killed by dogs would lose the value of their property so destroyed. The dog tax is scarcely sufficient to pay for the sheep killed by them. NEVER GETS FULL PAY. In cases where dogs kill fine sheep, the owner never gets full pay. I have a neighbor that has just_ bought eleven head of fine ewes, for whioh he paid $156. if the dogs should kill them, he would never get more than half their worth. " J. S." thinks the tax ought to be taken off of dogs. I think it ought to be doubled, to encourage the raising of fine sheep, and to discourage the raising of worthless dogs, which eat the bread and meat that ought to be given to the children. TO SHOW THE DAMAGE These worthless dogs do, I will give a a statement from the Township Trustee of my township: For the last_ three years and ten months, sheep killed, 216. Valuation, $648.00. Dog tax, per year, $165.00. Township in debt for sheep killed, $153.00. It is estimated that there has been 2,000 sheep killed by dogs in Montgomery county in the last three years. Estimate them at $2.50 per head, acd you have a total of $5,000, With all this staring us in the face, "J. 8." says "No dog tax." I say tax them double, and make the ownsers responsible also. I am a farmer, granger, and a raiser of cattle, sheep and hogs, on a small scale—and a. dog hater. . Greenback. For the Indiana Fanner. PHILOSOPHY OF STOCK-BREED. ING-NO. 2. It is evident to every one that all that is in the animal system is first obtained from the food that has been eaten. The material of which the body is composed is constantly changing; new matter is continually beitg absorbed and assimilated, while that which has served its purpose in the animal economy, is eliminated and excreted from the system. A constant supply of food is necessary to supply this constant drain on th.e system; and as all parts of the body are subject to these changes in a greater or less degree of rapidity, it is evident that in order to maintain a_ healthy condition, the food must contain all the elements that enter into the animal frame. The bodies of animals consist of both solid and fluid parts. These!vary, slightly with different species. The solid parts consist chiefly of muscle, fat and bones. The muscles contain, in 100 parts, about 23 of dry matter, and 77 of water. There is but little difference between the muscle and the blood of an animal, as appears from the following: Dry Matter. Water. Muscle 23 77 Blood ~ - 20 80 lt will thus be seen that there is but three per cent, more water in the blood of an animal than in its muscle. All the substances of the animal body exist first in the blood, and by that are carried to the various parts of the system. The bones are composed of both organic and inorganic matter, in varying proportions, the following being about the average proportions: Gelatin „ „. 35 Phosphate of lime 55 Carbonate of lime _ 4 Phosphite of lime _ 3 Soda, potash and common salt 3 100 Besides the bones, the solid parts of animals are composed of fats and oils, fibrin, gelatin, and albumen, with various earthy phosphates and salts' in small quantities. In order that the condition of the animal may be maintained, the food on which the animal feeds must contain them in quantities sufficient to meet the demand of the system, and if any particular part, as the fat or bones, is to be especially developed, the food furnished should be especially rich in that kind of food that contains these elements in the greatest quantities. In general terms, there must be sugar or starch, to supply the carbon for respiration. Oil, in some shape, to supply fat to the body; gluten or fibrin, for the muscles or cartilages; phosphates, for the bones, and sulphates and chlorides, to meet tho demands of the system for these elements. These elements are found in varying proportions in the different articles employed as food for stock. It is the province of the feeder to investigate this subject, and select that which most fully meets the demands of his particular case. We wish hereafter to- take up tha different kinds of food, and by a careful examination of their elements, determine both their general value as articles of food, and also their special adaptation to the demands of particular parts of the animal system. ■ It is only by this careful study of the wants of the animal system, and the adaptation of ths various kinds of food to meet those wants, that we oan engage in stook-feeding intelligently and economically. L. J. Templin. For the Indiana Farmer. > Visit to Center-Grove Farm—the Home ofthe Berkshire. A. S. Gilmour and J. W. Craig's Center-Grove Farm, the residence of Mr. A. S. Gilmour, is situated in Decatur county, Indiana, one and a quarter miles from the thriving city of Greensburg, and is one of as line farms as there is in the county, and is well watered and very finely [adapted to the raising of stock. Mr. G. also informed me that the whole farm was tile-underdrained. After taking a look at the farm buildings, including the c«,rn-cribs. which are well-filled with the very choicest of yellow corn. We were shown THE STOCK OF BERK8HIRES. At the head of the herd stands " The Queen of the West, (a cut of which appeared in the Farmer of some time ago). She is an "exceedingly fine proportioned sow, and an excellent breeder—has been in the show-ring for the Jhree years past, and has been very successful in taking most all the premiums in her class at the leadingfairs of the State, as, also, at the State Fair. She now has a fine litter of pigs six or eight weeks old, all finely marked. She now weighs close on to six hundred pounds—(who says Berkshires are too small?) Next we were shown "British Lady." This is also a show hog—not as well known as "The Queen ofthe West," but in no way inferior to the Queen. She jnso'- has a litter of very Bile 'pigs,'and at this writing weighs 550 pounds. (Fact, for there is a scale on the farm, and she was ■weighed.) We then went to see "Matoh- less." This sow is one among the best, and had at her last piging, fifteen pigs, of which twelve were raised, and without any extra care, were taken from the sow, shipped ever 150 miles, were on the road two days, taken from the cars and shown at the fair, where they received the first Ipremim [over some ten entries. Among the young sows are '' Indiana Maid," bred from importation of J. R. Craig, of Canada; also "'BourbonGirl," from imported stock and bred in Kentucky. They are as fine sows as it is possible to get; and the last pig we looked at was "No. 1," and her litter of eight, all .fine, and not as with common hogs—there was no runt in the whole lot. Mr. Gilmour has some Poland- Chinas, of which we will speak hereafter. After passing through and seeing all the joung hogs, some 40 or 50 in number, Mr. G. hitched up his buggy and we soon foundjourselves on the road to J. W. Craig's (one of the firm) farm, which is situated two and a half miles east of Greensburg. The house is situated in the middle of the farm with a fine slope in all directions—Mr. C. being near the road, we alighted from our buggy and commenced the inspection of his ■ , HERD OF BERKSniRES. Among those whioh are the most worthy of nqtice we will mention " Oxford Lady." She is from J. R. Craig's, (of Canada), herd, is two years old past—she was sired by " Sambo II " (imp.) dam " Oxford Queen " (imp.)—both sire and dam being prize animals. She received the second premium at the London Provincial Fair in 1873—ber half sister taking the first. She now has only three pigs, the others having met with a misfortune. Her last 'litter consisted of 12 good pigs. " Dew Drop " is also a fine sow, with pigs eight or ten weeks old. Also "Craig's Beauty" (his we had the pleasure of namiDg) ; she is a young sow of one year, as also " Queen the Second,' (we also named this one), bred from "Queen of the West," and sired by " Bob; " Bob is four years old, and will weigh in good flesh 706 pounds—has been in the show ring for three seasons, and has never been beaten in his class except once, and then by John B. Craig's " Lord Humphrey." "Lord Humphrey" since sold for $600. " Bob" is too well known to the readers of the Farmer to need any further description. PREMIUMS TAKEN. Messrs. Gilmour & Co.informed us that they have taken forty-nine premiums on Berkshires in the fall of 1875 at leading fairs in this and other States, and also that they have sold within the last month over forty head of pigs, including several fine brood sows. The nnmber of young Berkshires is now close on to 100. The number of Berkshire sows bred by Messrs. Gilmour & Co. was 31 in all, 22 at Mr. C.'s, and 9 at Mr. G.'s. POLAND CHINAS. "Betsy," an uncommonly fine specimen of this breed, will weigh between 700 aod 800 pounds, and has proved herself an excellent breeder. She has competed at four fairs, winning four premiums, one being a sweepstake prize. Next is " Hoosier Lady," almost as large, if not quite. But as she has not been weighed lately, only an estimate can be made. She is a good breeder, and one whioh does honor to the Poland-Chinas. There is a lot of fine young animals, and all we can say for them will be that we have never seen their superiors. The number of Poland Chinas is about 30. After inspecting the pens, we were invited to the house, where we found a most excellent dinner awaiting us, such as hungry hoosiers could wish. Our time to remain being rather limited, we thanked our host and hostess, and took our departure, with our first (but by no means our last) visit to Mr. Craig. But we could not come away until we had made a purchase, whioh we hope all will do who visit Messrs. Gilmour & Craig. They take great pride in showing their stock to visitors, and making their visits aa pleasant as possible. Messrs. G. & C. informed me the£ had disposed of 40 head of pigs in the three weeks past. T. W. W. Sunman. Spades, Ind. Who Can Beat It. Editors Indiana Farmer :—On December the 7th, 1875, Henry Elier, of Van Buren township and county of Monroe, weighed fifty (50) hogs of his own feeding, (taking his whole lot excepting one), whose total weight was 17,573 lbs. being an average of 351 23 50 lbs. and no ho£ weighed less than 3201bs. The above lot of hogs averaged on the 12th of September last 1601bs.—were fed eighty-five days, their gain being on an average of.191 Jibs. Sold to Wm. N. Roseberry (ex-Representative of Monroe county) for $7,40' per hundred. Said lot of hogs were weighed one at a time, and I tallied the weights of the same. W. M. A. Kikby. Bloomington, Ind. ■ » e Plymouth, Ind., Dec. 10th. Editor Indiana Farmer :—You will confer a favor on the undersigned by publishing the" following: ■■•■•--.- A cure for the epizootic, discovered and used by John Jacoby, of Pylmouth, Ind., who has treated many horses during the past season with good success. Sunflower seed one (1) tablespoonful twice a day. mixed with bran or oats. Commence givingas soon as cough commences. Give twice a day for three days, and then once'a day until the cough subsides. _ Moderate working during the time will not injure the horse. John Jacoby. AMENDMENTS TO THE TTJTION. CONSTI- Warsaw, Ind., Dec. 6th. Editor Indiana Farmer : — John Hinkson has sold one litter of twelve pigs, Poland-Chinas, weight on Dec. 4th. three thousand pounds; pigged the 30th of March last, to J. Fisher. Isaac Brady. Green Fodder. In Europe, experiments with green corn stalks and rye buried close in pitp, have shown that the oorn stalks after being buried four months kept perfectly well and in good condition, but the rye did not keep as well. The corn stalks kept so well because they contained the largest proportion of water, or 80 per cent. The green rye only held at 70 per cent. Pits filled in December with a layer of ice in the top, before covering, kept down to the low temperature till the last. _ We are informed that Professor Miles designs to try this system of saving fodder at the Illinois Industrial University during the present winter. t ■ »» * Is Drainage Needed? What are the effects of drainage? Thorough drainage deepens the soil. Of what use is it to plow deep and manure heavily, while the soil is full of water? The roots of plants will go down into*stagnant water ; the elements of plant food are not all on the surface, many of them have been washed down by the rains, some of them are found in the decomposing rocks themselves. Take away the water and the roots will find them. Drainage lengthens the seasons. In our climate this is an important point to be gained. If by drainage one .or two weeks could be gained it would be quite a relief in our backward springs, when there is so much to be done in a short space of time. Drainage increases the effect of tho application of manure. The soil being dryer, is more easily worked fine. The manure is also more evenly distributed. The water also passing through the soil carries fertilizing matter down to the roots of the plants. Where there is stagnant water manure must decompose slowly, if at all,' but let the water pass off, the air is admitted, and decomposition takes place. What observing man is there tnat does not know that his crops are improved in quality by drainage? Sweet English grass and clover take the place of sedge and rushes.— Ploughman. Proposed at the Ninth Annual Session of the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, at Louisville, Ky., November, 1875. 1. Amend the preamble, nnder the head of "State Grange," by Bubstituting the following for section 1: "Section 1. Fifth Degree. Pomona (Hope). Composed of the Masters and Past Masters of Subordinate Granges, and their wives who are matrons: provided that Past Masters and their wives who are matrons shall be honorary members, eligible to office, but not entitled to vote; and provided that when the number of Subordinate Granges in any State becomes so great as to render it necessary, the State Grange may, ln such manner|as it may determine, reduce its representatives by providing for the election of a certain proportion of those entitled to membership in the State Grange from each county, and the members so chosen shall constitute the voting members of the State Grange." 2. Amend the preamble, under the head of "State Grange," by adding the following: " The wives of the delegates elected to the State Grange, as provided for in the preceding section, if matrons, shall be voting members of that body." 3. Amend the constitution, nnder thc head of ' Organization of State Granges," in the 4th line of page 4, by striking out the words " not to exceed three. 4. Amend the preamble to the constitution under the head " National Grange," by inserting between tlie words " Master" and " of," where they occur in the second line of said paragraph, the words " Past Masters and their wives," and also by adding at the close of said paragraph the words following, to-wit: " Provided that only those members of the National Grange who are Masters of State Granges, and their wives who are matrons,- shall bc entitled to vote therein; and provided further, that Past Masters and their wives who have taken the Degree of Pomona, and all former members of the National Grange, shall be honorary members of the National Grange, and eligible to office therein, but shall not be entitled to vote." 5. Amend article 1, section 1, of the constitution by inserting the word " District" between the words " State " and " or," where they occur in tho second line of said section. 6. Amend article l,Fection2, of the constitution by inserting between the words " practicable "and " in," where they occur in the fourth line of said section, the words following, to-wit: " In the District Grange annually at such time as each District Grange may determine." 7. Amend article 1, section 2, of the constitution by striking out the word " three," where it occurs in the sixth line of said section, and inserting in lieu thereof the word " two." 8. Amend article 2, section 2, of the constitution by inserting between th& words "annually" and "at," where they occur in the first line of said section, the words "or biennially," and by striking out the words "from year to year," where they occur in the second line of said section. 9. Amend article 6 of the constitution by substituting the following therefor: "Each State Grange shall fix the fee for membership iu its own jurisdiction." 10. Amend article 5 by adding thc following after the word "refunded," in the seventh line of said article : "And no petition shall be received from a rejected applicant until six months shall have elapsed after such rejection." 11. Amend article 7, section 1, of the constitution by substituting therefor the following: "Eacli member shall pay into the treasury of tbe Subordinate Grange to which he belongs a monthly due, to be determined by the State Grange to which it is attached." 12. Amend article 7, section 2, of the constitution by substituting therefor the following: "The Secretary of each Subordinate Grange shall report quarterly to the Secretary of his State Grange the number of persons initiated since his last report, and also the number who, by death, expulsion, removal, or otherwise, have ceased to be members within the same time; and shall paytotheSecretaryto theState Grange such an amount of dues on each member and fees for each person initiated during the quarter as the State Grange may determine; provided that any State Grange may require such reports and payments to be made through the Secretaries of the County Granges." 13. Amend article 7, section 3, of the constitution by striking out the word "ten," where it occurs in the third line of said section, and Inserting in lieu thereof the word 'thirty." 14. Amend article 8, section 7, of the constitution by striking out the word "one," where it occurs in the first line of said section, and inserting in lieu thereof the word "two." The committee recommend that thc Secretary be instructed immediately after the adjournment of the session to cause to be printed on slips of paper the proposed amendments to the constitution, numbered as above, and to forward a copy of the same to the Master of each State Grange and a duplicate copy to thc Secretary thereof, and that each proposed amendment shall be considered by the State Granges as distinct and substantive propositions; that the Master of each State Grange be instructed to submit the proposed amendments to his State Grange at the next session thereof for ratification, and cause the Secretary of his State Grange to communicate to the Secretary of the National Grange, under the seal of the State Grange, the result of the action of his Grange upon each proposition. When the Secretary of the National Grange shall have received official information that any one or more of said proposed amendments have been ratified by three-fourths of all the State Granges lie shall communicate the same to the Master of the National Grange, who shall at once make official proclamation thereof; and the Executive Committee shall cause to be printed such a number oi the amended constitution and by-laws as in their judgment the good of the Order may de- NEV7S OF THE WEEK There were 32 deaths In this city last week. Oakland City, Gibson county, is afflicted with small-pox. The postmaster at Noble, 111., is in arrest for robbing the mails. Three students were last week expelled from Wabash College for gambling. A Ripley county farmer raised 879 bushels of corn en 10 4-6 acres the past season. Boss Tweed has not yet been found. It is thought he has not "jumped" his native heath. The 84th Indiana Regiment will hold a reunion on the 8th of February next, at South bend. The resignation of President Shortridge of Purdue University has been accepted by the Board of Trustees. The Bedford, Ind., High School, by a festival held last week, contributed $167 to the Centennial fund. A new $30,000 M. E. Church edifice was dedicated at Greensburg, on Sunday last, by Rev. Bayliss of this city. Mrs. Sallie M. Parker, of Greensburg, has receiveved an appointment of a clerkship in the Treasury department. The opposition in the M. E Church to Bishop Haven's nomination of Grant for a third term, is wide-spread. The periodic riot between whites and negroes in Mississippi, has just occurred again. A few of each were wounded. Milwaukee contributes two more cTooked whisky men for the State prison—in persons of Burback and Reynolds, rectifiers. James Ferguson, recently convicted of murder at Madison, Ind., and sentenced to prison for 21 years, escaped from the officers on Saturday last. Burglars have been getting in their work at Noblesville. Cracraft's fancy grocery store was robbed of $500 worth of goods on Saturday night last. And now it is the operators ofthe Western Union Telegraph Company whose wages are to be reduced January lst and they are not well pleased thereat. The Spanish appear greatly excited over Grant's allusions in his message to Spanish and Cuban affairs. They misapprehended the meaning of the message. Gen. Babcock, the President's private Secretary, has given bail in the sum of $7,000 for his appearance for trial at St. Louis, for complicity in the whisky frauds. A lad in Adams county, Ind.; put a cartridge in his mouth and tried his dental formations on it. It exploded the ball splitting his tong- gue and knocking a tooth out. Fortunately, the ball was in the position to escape at the mouth. Postmaster Denny and family, of Vincennes were poisoned at supper on Saturday last, by arsenic having been placed in oyster soup. It was placed there by a servant boy who did it in revenge for some offense. Prompt medical aid saved the family. The boy escaped. Attorney Henderson of St. Louis, who was retained by the Government to assist in the prosecution of the "crooked" spirits trials, took occasion last week during his argument of a case, to refer to the President in not the most complimentary sort of way, for whicli he was dismissed by the President. The crooked whisky trials in progress before the U. S. Court in this city, are developing, even in these wild times, an astonishing amount of perjury, theft, downright lying and other deviltry generally. None have been sentenced as yet, but quite a number arc booked for the penitentiary. The frauds on the revenue are perfectly amazing. Over-Feeding. A correspondent of the Country Gentleman has this to say about over-feod- ing for exhibition: I think the leading breeders of Short- Horns, as well as other breeds, begin to see the folly of pampering their breeding stock for show purposes, if an animal will not on a whole summer's pasturing, look well eneugh for the show ring,_ then the breed is scarcely worth owning._ This is the keynote to successful rearing of stock for the masses, and the true reason why small breeders with limited means have not dared to bring their cattle to exhibitions of any sort, where they would have to compete with meal-fed animals. mand. Respectfully submitted. Useful Article. Catlin, Ind, October, 5, 1875. This is to certify that, having used F. F. Brown's Rein Holder, for the last three months on my buggy, I am fully convined of its utility and safety, and hereby cheerfully recommend it to all whom it may concern. Thomas Bartlett, lt. Pastor M. E. Church, Yountsville, Ind. How to Eaise Early Potatoes. The process is called the Felliez plan, and comes_ to us from France, and consists in being able to have new potatoes in January and February, equal to those ordinarily produced in May and June. Having selected a light friable soil, at least twelve inches in depth ; make a hole ten inches deep, place a little manure, then fill in the soil. The holes ought to be two feet apart. The seed potatoes should bc preserved in charcoal dust till the first of August, the moment for planting, and to be steeped for one hour beforehand, in a solution of half a pound of salt and one quart of water; about the middle of September, mould, and at the same period in October weed, and earth up irrespective of the faded stems ; then cover with a little straw; the tubers will increase underground, independent of all exterior vegetation, and may be gathered in tbe early part of January, although they, will not be fully ripe till the close of February. W^- |
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