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*-taU>.a. . a..iy|,|||fi .tf- -a. VoLX. INDIM^OLIS, mDIANA, NOVEMBER 20th, 1875. No. 46. LiYS Stock* INDIANA NEEDS MOKE AND BETTER SHORT-HOENS. XHtor Indiana Farmer: W. W. Thrasher, after a two weeks' attendance on the Kentnoky stook sales, comes back to ns strong in the faith and more than ever impressed that Indiana needs more, and better Short-Horns. Kentuckians have inaugurated a system of out of door "on change" that is the wonder of the world. So business-like is this "on change," conducted—so methodically—so systematized is it, rushed through with such precision, that but hours are required to scatter whole herds at a value that would stun men in many of the busy marts of the world. Think of a heifer only a few months old, taken in, in a few seconds, at $15 000; this was really the caBe during this series of sales, yet it mnst be attended, to believe that such values in cattle exist. This heifer was bought by Messrs. Spears & Son, of Tallula, Illinois, a farmer, a practical man, who has made Short- Horn breeding a business, and knows their value. Mr. Thrasher brought over North Star, got by Star of the Realm, now owned by Mr. J. V. Grigsby. of Edge- wood Farm, Winchester, Kentucky. Star of the Realm was bred by Hon. M. H. Cochrane, of Hillhurst, Oompton, Canada East, who thought so much of him, that after he had arrived at Mr. Grigsby's farm, 'he sent six cows to him, all the way from Canada. Not one of those cows would have gone back to Canada, could Mr. Cochrane been prevailed upon to price them. We believe Star of the Realm was got by Commander-in-Chief, a bull imported by Mr. Cochrane at a high price. ^ Mr. Thrasher also brought over one six year old cow, and two fine heifers, which looks as if he proposes to make trouble next year. We caused" considerable talk over the State, by the unprecedented show made on our fair grounds this year, but our stock men say. they are making preparations to place Rush county unmistakably' in the front in the future. From the present tone and temper of stock men, with olear weather, track speedy, feed plenty, and good management, we fear no rivals. There are some young animals, now coming in, that will astonish our people when led into the ring next year, bred on Rush county sod, trained and fed by Rush county farmers.^ We are becoming wonderfully adept in the business, for so short a course of study, bnt it is a business that captivates a man, when he once gets into it, and whea youget a man interested, thoroughly impressed, he will throw a wonderful amount of dirt to uncover the hidden treasure deep down. He will give to it study, he never thought himself capable of, and *the more he turns it over, the better he likos it. Hon. _ M. H. Cochrane, mentioned above, is a man of immense wealth, a member of tbe Canadian Parliament, a gentleman of superior judgment and intelligence.' Yet he says,' his principal enjoyment is in breeding thoroughbred animals, and on his farm, Hon. Samuel Campbell, of New York Mills, Oneida county. New York, one of the wealthiest capitalists and manufactures, and known by some of our merchants. After making one of the most successful and high- . est average sales ever made in this or any other country, gave up the business of Short-Horn breeding because of advanced age. He declared, when the sale was over, on being asked if he intended to finally and_ forever give up the business of breeding, that could he live his life over, he would put his capital, his time, his energy, into this business. The lamented General Sol. Meredith, of onr own State, whom to know was to love, declared to ns last spring, that it was a business that infatuated him. That the seductions of office, of place, of position, were incomparable to the quiet and retirement of his farm. In the society of his son, daughter-in-law, nnder the shade of his roof, in the sight of his beloved wife and son's graves, was his earthly paradise. This distinguished "eountry gentleman" we all knew, we all loved, we all honored, we knew his intensity of purpose, his integrity, his probity, and how beautifully, how touching, how regretfully, were this grand old gentleman's remains committed to earth, by thousands of mourners. A few, very few of our young men are starting right; they are engaging in a profession, which if followed up, with nerve, energy, assiduously, studiously, honestly, they will never regret. A profession, honorable, competent, and one that will eDgage the highest, best talent— we would like to see more young men stick to the farm, and let the thousands, now scrambling fcfor position, for place, all over this broad land, get it. before ► others crowd alter, and all go down, in the common whirlpool of distress and {.disaster. J. N. H. Rushville, Indiana. HOW TO FEED HORSES. HOO CHOLERA-CAUSES TREATMENT. AND The Michigan Farmer says: Having selected the food or mixture of food we propose to use, we have now to consider the formjin which tbat food may be most advantageously given. It comes to us in the form of hay and grain, and is open to two objections. The long hay is wasted by the animals allowing a portion of it to fall under their feet, and the whole grain is liable to pass undigested through the alimentary canal. To avoid these sources *f lo9s, we advise that the hay be chopped and the grain crushed. Experience enables us to say positively that these operations are productive of no ill effVefs. The additional expense tbey entail is many times repaid by the prevention of waste in hay, and the more complete digestion of all the grain eaten. It has been objected to these operations that they induce a hoise to belt his food only half masticated. We crush grain, not to improve upon mastication, notto save the animal the trouble of chewing his foo'Jibut- simply to break the cnvel- o?e, andjthus allow easy digestion. We do not jfind it to powder, but are quite contented if it be split. No doubt horses with good teeth would give a good ao- count of most of the grain they are allowed, but we are not satisfied to lose any, aad therefore we reduce all the corn ta a form which, while it might still be fwell masticated, is most favorable for digestion; to a form in which even slijauld it escape the teeth, it will not escape the stomach. j THE CUTTING OP HAT is advised for a different reason. We do not) suppose that this mechanical operation affects its digestibility. We cut it to prevent its waste in transit from granary1 to pit, and in the stall, when the horse pulls a mouthful from the manger; but principally to mix with the grain, so as to dompel the horse to thoroughly masticate the whole l»f his provender. With long hay frequently portions fall under foot, are trampled on'and spoilt; some Jiorses, from mischief, willfully throwtheir hay on the floor, and these little bits form collectively, ia a large establishment, a considerable item. By cutting the hay this waste is prevented, as th(fanimal can only remove a mouthful' at a time. The length »f cat is almost immaterial, being equally effeotive if cutjto two inches as cut to a half. Almost of more importance than the form in which food is given is the I FREQtJENOY AND REGULARITY OF MEALS. The horse's digestive organs are not constructed for long fasts. Long intervals withdut food produce hunger, and hunger begets voracity; food is bolted, and indigestion and colic follow. This is doubly true land doubly dangerous with horses doinf hard work. They come to their long-deferred meal not only hungry, but exhitisted; not only is the food bslted, but the stomach is in such a state as to be iacapable of thoroughly active digestion] and is overpowered by half the amopnt of food it could otherwise easily digest. The prevention of waste is almost attained when we give a proper for A; but there are two points to which it is right to devote some attention— THE FORM OF THE MANQEKS, and attention to the wants of the individual animals. The mangers should not be less than three feet long, eighteen inches wide, and twelve inches deep. They should_ have an upper border of wood projecting inwards for two inches, and a transverse bar of half:inch round iron across the middle. A piece of two- inch-wide hoop-iron, screwed onto the top of the manger, protects it from damage by the horses' teeth. This simple arrangement prevents the horse from throwing ont his corn, and the provender is not in so thick a layer as in the ordinary narrow and shallow manger. LETTER FROM A SUCCESSFUL SWINE BREEDER. Oil Cake for Feed. This disease is singularly fatal this j seaBon. In Boone county this State we I are told by a friend that the losses are great. We have already reported heavy losses by this disease elsewhere in this I and other States. The great hog districts in Illinois are also greatly stricken with the disease in its most fatal form. Ofthe CAUSES OF THE DISEASE, a writer in the National Live Stock Journal says they are obscure but as it is more prevalent in low and undrained localities than on high and well-drained soil, it is considered to be duo mainly to miasmatio and malarious emanations. Confinement in filthy sties, impure drinking water, and want of change in food, etc., are also amongst the causes. We are convinced that many animals of this class are annually lost from the effects of improper food, or from living in_ an atmosphere surcharged with poisonous effluvia, the product of animal or vegetable decomposition. Decomposing substances, both animal and vegetable, corn that has undergone a change from long keeping or exposure to damp, and which is loaded, perhaps, with the sporules of j poisonous fungi, brine from the meat tub—these and other similar substances are often given to pigs as food, and in many instances have been known to cause very great_ losses. Much that we have seen convinces us of the necessity of more attention being paid to the quality of the food of these animals than is generally being done, and also to the nature of their lodgings, as well as the air they breathe. TREATMENT. The treatment is most unsatisfactory, owing to the acute nature of the disease; in fact, all remedies are useless when not administered as soon as the first symptoms appear. When the disease breakf out in a herd, the animals should Ve kept on low diet, have plenty of exercise and fresh air. In the early stage of the disease, cold water sluicings, often repeated, have proved beneficial, and so has the method of burying in the earth in a cool and dark place. For this purpose a hole isdue, sufficiently large and deep to admit Mr. Pork sidewise (the legs being previously tied with a soft straw band);_ the body_ is then covered with a sufficient quantity of earth and grass turf, leaving the head free; and in order te support the head, a grass turf is laid under the snout. Before burial several injections, consisting of cold water with vinegar, are thrown into the rectum. In order to keep the surrounding earth constantly cool, sold water is, every half hour, to be let on it. The animal remains_ thus buried until it recovers, which, in successful cases, happens within six, twelve, or eighteen hours. Hog cholera is treated in many different ways, each having its advocates; somepeople have seen good effects from bleeding in the earliest stages of this disease, Emetics and purgatives, in connection with lukewarm injections of salt water with vinegar, are very strongly recommended.. In the beginning of the disease, success has also attended tie administration of an emetic, such as white hellebore and ipecacuanha, of each two parts; tartar emetic one part; mix and give a small pig a scruple, and a larger one-half a draohm, thrown dry upon the root of the tongue; this to be followed up by purgatives and clysters. Purgative to consist of Epsom salts, one, two or three ounces, according to the size and age of the animal, administered in broth or swill from a bottle. Exercise, fresh air and sluicing tbe animal over with cold water are measures to be be recommended. Animals that recover, unless well treated, continue to suffer from partial paralysis, or from rheumatic inflammation of the joints. Mr. Summit, Henry County, ) Indiana, Nov. 6. j Editors Indiana Farmer:—I notice in your card reports that farmers are selling off their hogs half fatted on account of hog cholera and I have heard of hogs being butchered and sold or sold on account of oholera, when they were dying off, one or more daily. Now I think that should not be so and certainly is not in accordance with the golden rule; especially the latter, as I think there isa remedy. I will give it, or my experience, and I have been on this farm for 30 years raising hogs, corn and wheat for a living. I think my experience worth something at least to me. Some fifteen years ago the hog cholera or something of the kind prevailed in this vicinity to an (Jarming extent, some of us losing heavily. They were stock hogs. It being in the latter part of_ winter, as a matter of course for self interest. I was making every inquiry that I could for a remedy, I finally met with an old gentleman who lived near Oxford, Ohio, who was a large hograiser. He told me there was no need of having hog cholera, or in fact any other disease among hogs. In proof of which he said he had kept his hogs perfectly healthy for a number of years; he did not use any medicine but | simply a preventive and a simple one it was. He fed all the ashes that was made at the house the year round, feeding it once a week, and if he had as many as a hundred, he would buy more ashes or soap and give them, and said he thought he had not had a sick hog since he commenced the practice. The remedy was so simple and easy of course I tried it and to my satisfaction. My experience has proved about the same, not having had even a sick pig after it got big enough to eat corn or slop. I throw the ashes in the slop trough or where I feed andtput salt on it; or if you have a slop cistern put some ashes in it with brand. I have one difficulty, however, in raising hogs, that is, in finding so many dead pigs in the nest. They appear to be too weak to take care of themselves and some get over-laid. In fact my sows do not have many pigs at a time, though I do not know but that is common with improved stock. I have attributed the difficulty to keeping the sows too fat. The hog crop in this country is growing less every year. There are but few lots that exceed fifty and in fact but few over 25, where twenty years ago we would see from 50 to 100 or more, though now our hogs average net as many pounds, as they did then gross. P. P. Rifneb. derived, yet it is very seldom that eaeh j furnish exactly half in the produce, but instead, they furnish in proportion to the predominating fractions of blood contained in the two—for example, say in the above—one of the thirds in the blood of the cow is identical with the three fourths in the blood of the bull, then in the union these two being identical, assume their proportionately overpowering influence in making up the form, style, &o., of the produce, and if all_ these minor fractions in both dam and sire are each alien to the other- or comparatively so, they are only the more overwhelmed and controlled by this majority. But suppose that the other third in the blood of the cow is identical with the eighth in the blood of the hull, then the union of this third and eighth, though still a minority, will be sufficiently potent to exert a perceptible modifying influence. STOCK SALES. NEWS OF THE WEEK. A geological survey of Vigo county is being The gold subsided. fever in Jennings county has An English writer to The Millwright, ks: Why is it that so much of the linseed oil cake produced in your country, especially in the west and north, is exported to England? It must be that its value as food for cattleand stock of all kinds is not known or is not appreciated by stock feeders of your country. American oil cake commands 150 to $60 per ton in England, and as the English are the best economists in the world they would not pay more for oil cake than they would for anything else if it were not the mpst valuable for feeding purposes, particularly when we consider the extent to which they feed for fattening. Experienced English feeders all say that their best beef is that from cattle fed on oil cake meal, and it is universally known that the English know how to make and appreciate good beef. Oil cake meal is equally valuable as food for horses, cows, sheep and hogs. It is the richest food known; it gives a healthy tone to the animal, fattening lean ones and maintaining tho health and vigor ol the strong. The great value of oil cake for cattle food has long been known, yet it is by no means sufficiently appreciated in your country, nor upon the part of very many persons who own or feed stook is it clearly or fully understood. BREEDING SHORT-HORNS. Ram Breeding in Illinois. R. M. Bell, Brighton, Illinois, in a paper read before the Illinois Wool Growers' Association, states that a large source of income to sheep breeders of that State in the Bale ef rams for the breeding-flocks of the Great West beyond. He claims that Illinois rams are found to be as good in all respects as those from the East. But it appears that to give them a little better reputation they are frequently _ sold as Vermont rams. Yet. as Illinois is more convenient to the Great Plains, she finds this new demand for good breeding-rams so large that it is likely to change the sheep interest ofthe State. We think the enterprise ofthe breeders of this State deserves success, and have no doubt that the sheep ranches of California may be as well improved by breeding-rams from Illinois as elsewhere; but they should always stand on their own name and not take another to improve the sale of their stock.—Live Stock Journal. The Agricultural Gazette, London mentions the case of a Suffolk cow sold at Bedford lately that had had six calves in 20 months. Under this head, B. F. 'Vanmeter, of Kentucky, one of the most experienced Short-Horn breeders, and a gentleman possessing eminent practical sense, in a letter to the Kentucky Live Stock Record, says: A DEFINITION. In-and-in-breeding means couplingsire with his get—or full, or even half brother and sister, together. Breeding-in-line means keeping one and the same strain of blood predominating in the male and female which are coupled together, though in one or the other it may be decidedly in the minority, while in the other it is sufficiently predominating to give when re-inforced by the minority a controlling influence in fixing the type and style of the produce. And now. after making these explanations, I will make the assertion that there is no other way whereby Short-Horns can be bred up to the highest type of perfection and excellence—or can be kept up to this type after they are bred up to it, except by judicious in-and-in breeding and by keeping in line. In fact, just here is the real science and skill of Short-Horn breeding displayed—for the converse of this proposition is just as true—there is no way whereby a herd can be more rapidly breed down than by injudicious in- and-in-breeding ; for it is bad enough to use an inferior sire the first time, but it is next to total destruction to use him upon his get, and thus not only magnify his faults.but render them so fixed in the produce that_ jt will require several crosses of judicious breeding to eradicate the fault, and many more to so overwhelm the bad blood thus inserted as to render it entirely incapable of doing harm in some after cross. But this idea can be better illustrated by the use of fractions, and I may add, not only compound fractions, but the idea very soon runs into complex fractions, for example we will represent the bull by 3-4, plus 1-8, plus 1-16, plus 1-16 equal 1, while the cow, more scattering bred can be represented by 1-3, plus 1-3, plus 1-12, plus 1-12, plus 1-12, equal 1. PROPORTION OF BLOGD. Now, it is generally estimated that the dam and sire exert each an equal influence in the formation, type and character of the produce, but in practical results it is found that while the dam and sire together is the source from which the type, and formation ef the produce is The following are the most important sales of thoroughbred swine from Wm. Smith's Ravenswood Breeding Establishment since last reported: L. D. Green, Jonesville, Mioh., one Saffolk boar pig $30 Same, one Suffolk sow pig 30 M. W. Field, Detroit, Mica.,one Essex pig... 25 H. P. Wade, Jefferson, 0..one Suffolk boar.. 50 Emil Esperance, Canada, one Suffolk pig 40 II. II. "Westt ott, Marine City, Mich., one pr. Berkshires 25 J. C. King, Elyria. O., one Suffolk boar 30 II. C. Ward, Pontlae, Mien., one Suffolk pig 15 Sisters ol Charity, Dearborn, Mich., one pr. of Suffolks D. Johnson, Wixom, Mich., one Essex boar J. C. Chilson, Livonia, Mich., one Suffolk boar pig E. B. Chope, Greenfield, Mich., one Soffclk sow J. B. Gilbert, Lewisville, Ind., one pr. Berkshire pigs...; W. R. Montgomery, Hillsdale, Mich., one Essex boar Bid well * Co., Minnesota, one Suffolk boar. F. M. Scott, Mechanieaburg, 111., one pair of Berkshires 40 Thos. A. Booth, Saline, Mich., Suffolk sow.. 30 G. H. Gottrell, Marine City, one Suffolk boar pig 25 J.L. M'Cune, Washburn, 111., one trio Essex pigs. 45 H. B. Jones, Dexter, one Suffolk sow 75 Same, one Berksire bear 30 Wm. Livingstone, Detroit, pair Snffolks 40 Same, one pair Berkshires 35 Wm. English, Bond Eau, Canada, Berk- | shiro boar 75 Leslie English. Rond Eau, Canada, Berkshire sowptg _ 35 Dr.W. C. Gnstina, London, Canada, one pair BerkBhires 35 J. L. M'Cune, Washburn, Ill's, one Essex boar pig.: 15 Frank Wilson, Jackson, Mich., one Suffolk boar 75 Same, one Essex boar 75 N. F. Leag, Howell, Mich., one Esso^x boar... 40 E. B. Bright, Detroit, pair Berkshires 30 Bestance Munson, Foolsville, Ind., one Suffolk boar 24 W. 'A. Martin, Lafayette, Ind., one pair Suffolks „ 60 Same, one pair Essex „. 60 W. C. Mobray, Lafayette, Ind., one pair of Suffolks 50 Joseph Higgins, Athens, O., one Berkshire boar 25 L. C. Holloway, Toledo, O., Essex boar. 25 Stephen Mowry, Wooster, O., one Berkshire sow 40 L. Lonndon, Elyria, O., one pair Suffolks.... 60 H. F. Hudson, Ravenna, Ohio, trio of Berkshires - 75 James M. Tullls, Attica, Ind., one Suffolk sow 25 A. P. Wiley * Son, Augusta, Ind., one Essex boar 120 Same, one Essex sow pig 20 John Hoop, Shelbyville, Ind., one pair Essex 50 Dr. II. G. Tarr, Indianapolis, Ind., one pair 8uffolR>s „ 50 C. I. Atkins, Louisiana, Mo., one Suflolk boar 75 Same one Suffolk sow pig 25 Christian Dachroeder, St. Louis, Mo., one pair Suffollks 50 John O. Hagen, Ellinwood, Kansas, one pr. Suffolks 45 Dr. Gnstln, London, Canada, one Berkshire boar 15 Lt. W. Mickey, Vlr ton, Iowa, one Suffolk boar 35 Felix Agniel, Grayville, 111., one pair Essex 50 D. C. Young, Howell, Mich, pair of Suffolks 50 F. D. Kramer, Jessup, la., one pair ot Berkshire pigs 30 Wro. Watts, Unadiila, Mich, one pair Suffolk pigs, three months old, and very choice 110 Felix Agniel Grayville, 111., one Essex sow 44 Same, one Suffolk sow 25 E. R. Bedson, North Adams, Mich., one pr. Suffolks 50 Norman Chamn.Smithville, O., one Berkshire boar 35 Prices of Short-Horns. The Moopy and Sankey revival in Brooklyn has closed. Ten of Maine's) former governors arc still living in that State. The cotton crop is reported to be somewhat greater than last year. Missouri will erect a building at the Centennial, at a cost of $40,000. A Fort Branch, Gibson county, firm has shipped 2,000 hogs this season. Vice-President Henry Wilson is recovering from a severe attack of illness. The peanut crop of Virginia is put down at 382,610 bushels, worth $638,698. The collecting of internal revenue for thc year ending June 30th, cost $2,000,000. Tlie appropriation of Congress for the collce- tion of customs has fallen short $000,000. The grand jury of this county at its November term, returned 131 indictments, for various offenses. Arkansas is compelled to borrow money to pay the current expenses of the State government. LaFayette's school property exceeds in value that of any other city in the State, except Indianapolis. During the year ending June 30, 1875, Indiana paid internal revenue taxes to the amount of $1,650,883. The Hon. John C. New will probably resign the U. S. Treasurership, on account of pressing private business. A number of clerks in the Pension Office are to be sent adrift, whose honesty and integrity is questioned. It is estimated that 12,000 hogs havo died with cholera, in Morgan county, Illinois, during the past year. Nearly the whole of the hog crop in Howard county has been disposed of at an average of $0.50 per hundred. ( The authorities of Cincinnati have taken such action as promises to rid that city of tramps this winter. A Madison, Ind., man undertook to cat 30 quails in 30 consecutive days, and has devoured his 25th "Bobwhite." The Chicago Kxposition was a success. Thc aggregate receipts were $120,000, whilo tho net profits are stated at $40,000. Tho Rush County Agricultural Society after a full settlement of expenses, find a surplus of $289.00 in thc treasury. Gold is reported as existing in Clark connty. Prof. Borden is to make an examination as to the richness of the gold district. There have been two or three terrible shipwrecks, and burnings at sea, recently, wherein nearly the whole number on board of each were lost. Mr. John Seybolt, a farmer of Washington township, Cass county, had two hundred head of sheep killed by dogs, on the night of the 15th. The citizens of Jackson county are taking such action as will insure the resources and products of that county a fair representation at the Centennial. Two Kentucky Ku Klux were sentenced to the penitentiary for a term of three and five years respectively, on the 14th, for conspiring to kill a U. S. officer. An apple orchard in LaGrange county, belonging to Mr. Sol. Donaldson, which was girdled during the summer, produced a full crop of apples, nevertheless. An effort is being made to secure the pardon of Abrams from the penitentiary. He was sentenced for life, for being implicated in the murder of Jacob Young, in 1868. The Blind Asylum report of this city shows the expenses of the past year to have been $34,183.79. The whole number of students enrolled is 110, representing 52 counties. A recent census of Michigan shows the total population to be 1,334,300, an increase since 1870 of 150,018. It also shows an excess of males over females of 00,377 in the State. Hon. John Sutherland, of LaPorte county, this State, who with Captain Burke, attended the Kentucky sales, in a LaPorte Herald on prices of Short- Horns, says: Those who are dealing in Short-Horns, and are fully posted, will give more for a calf or yearling, than those that are older. A cow will have to be something extra, to sell for more than her calf, as a general rule, if she is 4 or five years old. Those prices are high, and I cannot in this letter explain to you what I think about it as an investment; and it is doubtful whether I could convinoe yon or your readers that it would be to your interest to pay any such prices, if we should have a.personal interview. We have to be educated up to those prices, and it takes time. ThiB I have learned; that in England where they have been bred the longest, and where they give it all the care and attention that it is passible, regardless of cost, there they are selling to-day for more money than ever before; and_ in our own country where they are giving it the most attention, and know most about it, they command the highest prices. Are we not "penny wise and pound foolish?" ■ m ■ Mr. Dillon, of Illinois, claims to have a Norman celt which weighed eight hundred pounds when five and a half months old. Thirteen distillers, seven Government gnag- ers, and one deputy collector at St. Louis, have withdrawn pleas of "notguilty" and entered pleas of "guilty," instead. They are awaiting sentence. Col. John A. Joyce, convicted in St. Louis of assisting the distillers in defrauding the Government, has been sentenced lo three years and a half in the penitentiary, and to pay a fine of $3,000. E. D. Dodge, of McArthur, O., lost 15 fine sheep a few nights ago, by dogs. They were valued at $400.00. Harvey Robbins, a farmer living near town, also had 30 head killed, valued at $500. The missing $2,000 of the IT. S. Treasury department, which mysteriously disappeared a few weeks ago, has not been found; and, to make good the loss, a pro rata amount has been assessed upon the clerks of that department. A Judge in this city instructed the jury in a case of theft that they were to consider the culprit's former social standing, and high connections, and this charge was made in the face of proven guilt. The consequence was that the law and evidence were " tabnoed," and the criminal was acquitted. The report of the Commissioner of education for the year 1874, shows the following facts:— There are enrolled in the public schools ofthe country, 8,000,000 pupils. Average daily attendance, 4,500,000. The estimated number ' between six and sixteen years of age, is 10,500,000. The total income of tlie public] schools in the States and Territories, was | $82,000,000; the total expenditures, $74,000,000. The highest salaries paid teachers was in the* Cherokee Nation, $225 a month for malts, and * $200 for females.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1875, v. 10, no. 46 (Nov. 20) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA1046 |
Date of Original | 1875 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2010-11-01 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
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Transcript | *-taU>.a. . a..iy|,|||fi .tf- -a. VoLX. INDIM^OLIS, mDIANA, NOVEMBER 20th, 1875. No. 46. LiYS Stock* INDIANA NEEDS MOKE AND BETTER SHORT-HOENS. XHtor Indiana Farmer: W. W. Thrasher, after a two weeks' attendance on the Kentnoky stook sales, comes back to ns strong in the faith and more than ever impressed that Indiana needs more, and better Short-Horns. Kentuckians have inaugurated a system of out of door "on change" that is the wonder of the world. So business-like is this "on change," conducted—so methodically—so systematized is it, rushed through with such precision, that but hours are required to scatter whole herds at a value that would stun men in many of the busy marts of the world. Think of a heifer only a few months old, taken in, in a few seconds, at $15 000; this was really the caBe during this series of sales, yet it mnst be attended, to believe that such values in cattle exist. This heifer was bought by Messrs. Spears & Son, of Tallula, Illinois, a farmer, a practical man, who has made Short- Horn breeding a business, and knows their value. Mr. Thrasher brought over North Star, got by Star of the Realm, now owned by Mr. J. V. Grigsby. of Edge- wood Farm, Winchester, Kentucky. Star of the Realm was bred by Hon. M. H. Cochrane, of Hillhurst, Oompton, Canada East, who thought so much of him, that after he had arrived at Mr. Grigsby's farm, 'he sent six cows to him, all the way from Canada. Not one of those cows would have gone back to Canada, could Mr. Cochrane been prevailed upon to price them. We believe Star of the Realm was got by Commander-in-Chief, a bull imported by Mr. Cochrane at a high price. ^ Mr. Thrasher also brought over one six year old cow, and two fine heifers, which looks as if he proposes to make trouble next year. We caused" considerable talk over the State, by the unprecedented show made on our fair grounds this year, but our stock men say. they are making preparations to place Rush county unmistakably' in the front in the future. From the present tone and temper of stock men, with olear weather, track speedy, feed plenty, and good management, we fear no rivals. There are some young animals, now coming in, that will astonish our people when led into the ring next year, bred on Rush county sod, trained and fed by Rush county farmers.^ We are becoming wonderfully adept in the business, for so short a course of study, bnt it is a business that captivates a man, when he once gets into it, and whea youget a man interested, thoroughly impressed, he will throw a wonderful amount of dirt to uncover the hidden treasure deep down. He will give to it study, he never thought himself capable of, and *the more he turns it over, the better he likos it. Hon. _ M. H. Cochrane, mentioned above, is a man of immense wealth, a member of tbe Canadian Parliament, a gentleman of superior judgment and intelligence.' Yet he says,' his principal enjoyment is in breeding thoroughbred animals, and on his farm, Hon. Samuel Campbell, of New York Mills, Oneida county. New York, one of the wealthiest capitalists and manufactures, and known by some of our merchants. After making one of the most successful and high- . est average sales ever made in this or any other country, gave up the business of Short-Horn breeding because of advanced age. He declared, when the sale was over, on being asked if he intended to finally and_ forever give up the business of breeding, that could he live his life over, he would put his capital, his time, his energy, into this business. The lamented General Sol. Meredith, of onr own State, whom to know was to love, declared to ns last spring, that it was a business that infatuated him. That the seductions of office, of place, of position, were incomparable to the quiet and retirement of his farm. In the society of his son, daughter-in-law, nnder the shade of his roof, in the sight of his beloved wife and son's graves, was his earthly paradise. This distinguished "eountry gentleman" we all knew, we all loved, we all honored, we knew his intensity of purpose, his integrity, his probity, and how beautifully, how touching, how regretfully, were this grand old gentleman's remains committed to earth, by thousands of mourners. A few, very few of our young men are starting right; they are engaging in a profession, which if followed up, with nerve, energy, assiduously, studiously, honestly, they will never regret. A profession, honorable, competent, and one that will eDgage the highest, best talent— we would like to see more young men stick to the farm, and let the thousands, now scrambling fcfor position, for place, all over this broad land, get it. before ► others crowd alter, and all go down, in the common whirlpool of distress and {.disaster. J. N. H. Rushville, Indiana. HOW TO FEED HORSES. HOO CHOLERA-CAUSES TREATMENT. AND The Michigan Farmer says: Having selected the food or mixture of food we propose to use, we have now to consider the formjin which tbat food may be most advantageously given. It comes to us in the form of hay and grain, and is open to two objections. The long hay is wasted by the animals allowing a portion of it to fall under their feet, and the whole grain is liable to pass undigested through the alimentary canal. To avoid these sources *f lo9s, we advise that the hay be chopped and the grain crushed. Experience enables us to say positively that these operations are productive of no ill effVefs. The additional expense tbey entail is many times repaid by the prevention of waste in hay, and the more complete digestion of all the grain eaten. It has been objected to these operations that they induce a hoise to belt his food only half masticated. We crush grain, not to improve upon mastication, notto save the animal the trouble of chewing his foo'Jibut- simply to break the cnvel- o?e, andjthus allow easy digestion. We do not jfind it to powder, but are quite contented if it be split. No doubt horses with good teeth would give a good ao- count of most of the grain they are allowed, but we are not satisfied to lose any, aad therefore we reduce all the corn ta a form which, while it might still be fwell masticated, is most favorable for digestion; to a form in which even slijauld it escape the teeth, it will not escape the stomach. j THE CUTTING OP HAT is advised for a different reason. We do not) suppose that this mechanical operation affects its digestibility. We cut it to prevent its waste in transit from granary1 to pit, and in the stall, when the horse pulls a mouthful from the manger; but principally to mix with the grain, so as to dompel the horse to thoroughly masticate the whole l»f his provender. With long hay frequently portions fall under foot, are trampled on'and spoilt; some Jiorses, from mischief, willfully throwtheir hay on the floor, and these little bits form collectively, ia a large establishment, a considerable item. By cutting the hay this waste is prevented, as th(fanimal can only remove a mouthful' at a time. The length »f cat is almost immaterial, being equally effeotive if cutjto two inches as cut to a half. Almost of more importance than the form in which food is given is the I FREQtJENOY AND REGULARITY OF MEALS. The horse's digestive organs are not constructed for long fasts. Long intervals withdut food produce hunger, and hunger begets voracity; food is bolted, and indigestion and colic follow. This is doubly true land doubly dangerous with horses doinf hard work. They come to their long-deferred meal not only hungry, but exhitisted; not only is the food bslted, but the stomach is in such a state as to be iacapable of thoroughly active digestion] and is overpowered by half the amopnt of food it could otherwise easily digest. The prevention of waste is almost attained when we give a proper for A; but there are two points to which it is right to devote some attention— THE FORM OF THE MANQEKS, and attention to the wants of the individual animals. The mangers should not be less than three feet long, eighteen inches wide, and twelve inches deep. They should_ have an upper border of wood projecting inwards for two inches, and a transverse bar of half:inch round iron across the middle. A piece of two- inch-wide hoop-iron, screwed onto the top of the manger, protects it from damage by the horses' teeth. This simple arrangement prevents the horse from throwing ont his corn, and the provender is not in so thick a layer as in the ordinary narrow and shallow manger. LETTER FROM A SUCCESSFUL SWINE BREEDER. Oil Cake for Feed. This disease is singularly fatal this j seaBon. In Boone county this State we I are told by a friend that the losses are great. We have already reported heavy losses by this disease elsewhere in this I and other States. The great hog districts in Illinois are also greatly stricken with the disease in its most fatal form. Ofthe CAUSES OF THE DISEASE, a writer in the National Live Stock Journal says they are obscure but as it is more prevalent in low and undrained localities than on high and well-drained soil, it is considered to be duo mainly to miasmatio and malarious emanations. Confinement in filthy sties, impure drinking water, and want of change in food, etc., are also amongst the causes. We are convinced that many animals of this class are annually lost from the effects of improper food, or from living in_ an atmosphere surcharged with poisonous effluvia, the product of animal or vegetable decomposition. Decomposing substances, both animal and vegetable, corn that has undergone a change from long keeping or exposure to damp, and which is loaded, perhaps, with the sporules of j poisonous fungi, brine from the meat tub—these and other similar substances are often given to pigs as food, and in many instances have been known to cause very great_ losses. Much that we have seen convinces us of the necessity of more attention being paid to the quality of the food of these animals than is generally being done, and also to the nature of their lodgings, as well as the air they breathe. TREATMENT. The treatment is most unsatisfactory, owing to the acute nature of the disease; in fact, all remedies are useless when not administered as soon as the first symptoms appear. When the disease breakf out in a herd, the animals should Ve kept on low diet, have plenty of exercise and fresh air. In the early stage of the disease, cold water sluicings, often repeated, have proved beneficial, and so has the method of burying in the earth in a cool and dark place. For this purpose a hole isdue, sufficiently large and deep to admit Mr. Pork sidewise (the legs being previously tied with a soft straw band);_ the body_ is then covered with a sufficient quantity of earth and grass turf, leaving the head free; and in order te support the head, a grass turf is laid under the snout. Before burial several injections, consisting of cold water with vinegar, are thrown into the rectum. In order to keep the surrounding earth constantly cool, sold water is, every half hour, to be let on it. The animal remains_ thus buried until it recovers, which, in successful cases, happens within six, twelve, or eighteen hours. Hog cholera is treated in many different ways, each having its advocates; somepeople have seen good effects from bleeding in the earliest stages of this disease, Emetics and purgatives, in connection with lukewarm injections of salt water with vinegar, are very strongly recommended.. In the beginning of the disease, success has also attended tie administration of an emetic, such as white hellebore and ipecacuanha, of each two parts; tartar emetic one part; mix and give a small pig a scruple, and a larger one-half a draohm, thrown dry upon the root of the tongue; this to be followed up by purgatives and clysters. Purgative to consist of Epsom salts, one, two or three ounces, according to the size and age of the animal, administered in broth or swill from a bottle. Exercise, fresh air and sluicing tbe animal over with cold water are measures to be be recommended. Animals that recover, unless well treated, continue to suffer from partial paralysis, or from rheumatic inflammation of the joints. Mr. Summit, Henry County, ) Indiana, Nov. 6. j Editors Indiana Farmer:—I notice in your card reports that farmers are selling off their hogs half fatted on account of hog cholera and I have heard of hogs being butchered and sold or sold on account of oholera, when they were dying off, one or more daily. Now I think that should not be so and certainly is not in accordance with the golden rule; especially the latter, as I think there isa remedy. I will give it, or my experience, and I have been on this farm for 30 years raising hogs, corn and wheat for a living. I think my experience worth something at least to me. Some fifteen years ago the hog cholera or something of the kind prevailed in this vicinity to an (Jarming extent, some of us losing heavily. They were stock hogs. It being in the latter part of_ winter, as a matter of course for self interest. I was making every inquiry that I could for a remedy, I finally met with an old gentleman who lived near Oxford, Ohio, who was a large hograiser. He told me there was no need of having hog cholera, or in fact any other disease among hogs. In proof of which he said he had kept his hogs perfectly healthy for a number of years; he did not use any medicine but | simply a preventive and a simple one it was. He fed all the ashes that was made at the house the year round, feeding it once a week, and if he had as many as a hundred, he would buy more ashes or soap and give them, and said he thought he had not had a sick hog since he commenced the practice. The remedy was so simple and easy of course I tried it and to my satisfaction. My experience has proved about the same, not having had even a sick pig after it got big enough to eat corn or slop. I throw the ashes in the slop trough or where I feed andtput salt on it; or if you have a slop cistern put some ashes in it with brand. I have one difficulty, however, in raising hogs, that is, in finding so many dead pigs in the nest. They appear to be too weak to take care of themselves and some get over-laid. In fact my sows do not have many pigs at a time, though I do not know but that is common with improved stock. I have attributed the difficulty to keeping the sows too fat. The hog crop in this country is growing less every year. There are but few lots that exceed fifty and in fact but few over 25, where twenty years ago we would see from 50 to 100 or more, though now our hogs average net as many pounds, as they did then gross. P. P. Rifneb. derived, yet it is very seldom that eaeh j furnish exactly half in the produce, but instead, they furnish in proportion to the predominating fractions of blood contained in the two—for example, say in the above—one of the thirds in the blood of the cow is identical with the three fourths in the blood of the bull, then in the union these two being identical, assume their proportionately overpowering influence in making up the form, style, &o., of the produce, and if all_ these minor fractions in both dam and sire are each alien to the other- or comparatively so, they are only the more overwhelmed and controlled by this majority. But suppose that the other third in the blood of the cow is identical with the eighth in the blood of the hull, then the union of this third and eighth, though still a minority, will be sufficiently potent to exert a perceptible modifying influence. STOCK SALES. NEWS OF THE WEEK. A geological survey of Vigo county is being The gold subsided. fever in Jennings county has An English writer to The Millwright, ks: Why is it that so much of the linseed oil cake produced in your country, especially in the west and north, is exported to England? It must be that its value as food for cattleand stock of all kinds is not known or is not appreciated by stock feeders of your country. American oil cake commands 150 to $60 per ton in England, and as the English are the best economists in the world they would not pay more for oil cake than they would for anything else if it were not the mpst valuable for feeding purposes, particularly when we consider the extent to which they feed for fattening. Experienced English feeders all say that their best beef is that from cattle fed on oil cake meal, and it is universally known that the English know how to make and appreciate good beef. Oil cake meal is equally valuable as food for horses, cows, sheep and hogs. It is the richest food known; it gives a healthy tone to the animal, fattening lean ones and maintaining tho health and vigor ol the strong. The great value of oil cake for cattle food has long been known, yet it is by no means sufficiently appreciated in your country, nor upon the part of very many persons who own or feed stook is it clearly or fully understood. BREEDING SHORT-HORNS. Ram Breeding in Illinois. R. M. Bell, Brighton, Illinois, in a paper read before the Illinois Wool Growers' Association, states that a large source of income to sheep breeders of that State in the Bale ef rams for the breeding-flocks of the Great West beyond. He claims that Illinois rams are found to be as good in all respects as those from the East. But it appears that to give them a little better reputation they are frequently _ sold as Vermont rams. Yet. as Illinois is more convenient to the Great Plains, she finds this new demand for good breeding-rams so large that it is likely to change the sheep interest ofthe State. We think the enterprise ofthe breeders of this State deserves success, and have no doubt that the sheep ranches of California may be as well improved by breeding-rams from Illinois as elsewhere; but they should always stand on their own name and not take another to improve the sale of their stock.—Live Stock Journal. The Agricultural Gazette, London mentions the case of a Suffolk cow sold at Bedford lately that had had six calves in 20 months. Under this head, B. F. 'Vanmeter, of Kentucky, one of the most experienced Short-Horn breeders, and a gentleman possessing eminent practical sense, in a letter to the Kentucky Live Stock Record, says: A DEFINITION. In-and-in-breeding means couplingsire with his get—or full, or even half brother and sister, together. Breeding-in-line means keeping one and the same strain of blood predominating in the male and female which are coupled together, though in one or the other it may be decidedly in the minority, while in the other it is sufficiently predominating to give when re-inforced by the minority a controlling influence in fixing the type and style of the produce. And now. after making these explanations, I will make the assertion that there is no other way whereby Short-Horns can be bred up to the highest type of perfection and excellence—or can be kept up to this type after they are bred up to it, except by judicious in-and-in breeding and by keeping in line. In fact, just here is the real science and skill of Short-Horn breeding displayed—for the converse of this proposition is just as true—there is no way whereby a herd can be more rapidly breed down than by injudicious in- and-in-breeding ; for it is bad enough to use an inferior sire the first time, but it is next to total destruction to use him upon his get, and thus not only magnify his faults.but render them so fixed in the produce that_ jt will require several crosses of judicious breeding to eradicate the fault, and many more to so overwhelm the bad blood thus inserted as to render it entirely incapable of doing harm in some after cross. But this idea can be better illustrated by the use of fractions, and I may add, not only compound fractions, but the idea very soon runs into complex fractions, for example we will represent the bull by 3-4, plus 1-8, plus 1-16, plus 1-16 equal 1, while the cow, more scattering bred can be represented by 1-3, plus 1-3, plus 1-12, plus 1-12, plus 1-12, equal 1. PROPORTION OF BLOGD. Now, it is generally estimated that the dam and sire exert each an equal influence in the formation, type and character of the produce, but in practical results it is found that while the dam and sire together is the source from which the type, and formation ef the produce is The following are the most important sales of thoroughbred swine from Wm. Smith's Ravenswood Breeding Establishment since last reported: L. D. Green, Jonesville, Mioh., one Saffolk boar pig $30 Same, one Suffolk sow pig 30 M. W. Field, Detroit, Mica.,one Essex pig... 25 H. P. Wade, Jefferson, 0..one Suffolk boar.. 50 Emil Esperance, Canada, one Suffolk pig 40 II. II. "Westt ott, Marine City, Mich., one pr. Berkshires 25 J. C. King, Elyria. O., one Suffolk boar 30 II. C. Ward, Pontlae, Mien., one Suffolk pig 15 Sisters ol Charity, Dearborn, Mich., one pr. of Suffolks D. Johnson, Wixom, Mich., one Essex boar J. C. Chilson, Livonia, Mich., one Suffolk boar pig E. B. Chope, Greenfield, Mich., one Soffclk sow J. B. Gilbert, Lewisville, Ind., one pr. Berkshire pigs...; W. R. Montgomery, Hillsdale, Mich., one Essex boar Bid well * Co., Minnesota, one Suffolk boar. F. M. Scott, Mechanieaburg, 111., one pair of Berkshires 40 Thos. A. Booth, Saline, Mich., Suffolk sow.. 30 G. H. Gottrell, Marine City, one Suffolk boar pig 25 J.L. M'Cune, Washburn, 111., one trio Essex pigs. 45 H. B. Jones, Dexter, one Suffolk sow 75 Same, one Berksire bear 30 Wm. Livingstone, Detroit, pair Snffolks 40 Same, one pair Berkshires 35 Wm. English, Bond Eau, Canada, Berk- | shiro boar 75 Leslie English. Rond Eau, Canada, Berkshire sowptg _ 35 Dr.W. C. Gnstina, London, Canada, one pair BerkBhires 35 J. L. M'Cune, Washburn, Ill's, one Essex boar pig.: 15 Frank Wilson, Jackson, Mich., one Suffolk boar 75 Same, one Essex boar 75 N. F. Leag, Howell, Mich., one Esso^x boar... 40 E. B. Bright, Detroit, pair Berkshires 30 Bestance Munson, Foolsville, Ind., one Suffolk boar 24 W. 'A. Martin, Lafayette, Ind., one pair Suffolks „ 60 Same, one pair Essex „. 60 W. C. Mobray, Lafayette, Ind., one pair of Suffolks 50 Joseph Higgins, Athens, O., one Berkshire boar 25 L. C. Holloway, Toledo, O., Essex boar. 25 Stephen Mowry, Wooster, O., one Berkshire sow 40 L. Lonndon, Elyria, O., one pair Suffolks.... 60 H. F. Hudson, Ravenna, Ohio, trio of Berkshires - 75 James M. Tullls, Attica, Ind., one Suffolk sow 25 A. P. Wiley * Son, Augusta, Ind., one Essex boar 120 Same, one Essex sow pig 20 John Hoop, Shelbyville, Ind., one pair Essex 50 Dr. II. G. Tarr, Indianapolis, Ind., one pair 8uffolR>s „ 50 C. I. Atkins, Louisiana, Mo., one Suflolk boar 75 Same one Suffolk sow pig 25 Christian Dachroeder, St. Louis, Mo., one pair Suffollks 50 John O. Hagen, Ellinwood, Kansas, one pr. Suffolks 45 Dr. Gnstln, London, Canada, one Berkshire boar 15 Lt. W. Mickey, Vlr ton, Iowa, one Suffolk boar 35 Felix Agniel, Grayville, 111., one pair Essex 50 D. C. Young, Howell, Mich, pair of Suffolks 50 F. D. Kramer, Jessup, la., one pair ot Berkshire pigs 30 Wro. Watts, Unadiila, Mich, one pair Suffolk pigs, three months old, and very choice 110 Felix Agniel Grayville, 111., one Essex sow 44 Same, one Suffolk sow 25 E. R. Bedson, North Adams, Mich., one pr. Suffolks 50 Norman Chamn.Smithville, O., one Berkshire boar 35 Prices of Short-Horns. The Moopy and Sankey revival in Brooklyn has closed. Ten of Maine's) former governors arc still living in that State. The cotton crop is reported to be somewhat greater than last year. Missouri will erect a building at the Centennial, at a cost of $40,000. A Fort Branch, Gibson county, firm has shipped 2,000 hogs this season. Vice-President Henry Wilson is recovering from a severe attack of illness. The peanut crop of Virginia is put down at 382,610 bushels, worth $638,698. The collecting of internal revenue for thc year ending June 30th, cost $2,000,000. Tlie appropriation of Congress for the collce- tion of customs has fallen short $000,000. The grand jury of this county at its November term, returned 131 indictments, for various offenses. Arkansas is compelled to borrow money to pay the current expenses of the State government. LaFayette's school property exceeds in value that of any other city in the State, except Indianapolis. During the year ending June 30, 1875, Indiana paid internal revenue taxes to the amount of $1,650,883. The Hon. John C. New will probably resign the U. S. Treasurership, on account of pressing private business. A number of clerks in the Pension Office are to be sent adrift, whose honesty and integrity is questioned. It is estimated that 12,000 hogs havo died with cholera, in Morgan county, Illinois, during the past year. Nearly the whole of the hog crop in Howard county has been disposed of at an average of $0.50 per hundred. ( The authorities of Cincinnati have taken such action as promises to rid that city of tramps this winter. A Madison, Ind., man undertook to cat 30 quails in 30 consecutive days, and has devoured his 25th "Bobwhite." The Chicago Kxposition was a success. Thc aggregate receipts were $120,000, whilo tho net profits are stated at $40,000. Tho Rush County Agricultural Society after a full settlement of expenses, find a surplus of $289.00 in thc treasury. Gold is reported as existing in Clark connty. Prof. Borden is to make an examination as to the richness of the gold district. There have been two or three terrible shipwrecks, and burnings at sea, recently, wherein nearly the whole number on board of each were lost. Mr. John Seybolt, a farmer of Washington township, Cass county, had two hundred head of sheep killed by dogs, on the night of the 15th. The citizens of Jackson county are taking such action as will insure the resources and products of that county a fair representation at the Centennial. Two Kentucky Ku Klux were sentenced to the penitentiary for a term of three and five years respectively, on the 14th, for conspiring to kill a U. S. officer. An apple orchard in LaGrange county, belonging to Mr. Sol. Donaldson, which was girdled during the summer, produced a full crop of apples, nevertheless. An effort is being made to secure the pardon of Abrams from the penitentiary. He was sentenced for life, for being implicated in the murder of Jacob Young, in 1868. The Blind Asylum report of this city shows the expenses of the past year to have been $34,183.79. The whole number of students enrolled is 110, representing 52 counties. A recent census of Michigan shows the total population to be 1,334,300, an increase since 1870 of 150,018. It also shows an excess of males over females of 00,377 in the State. Hon. John Sutherland, of LaPorte county, this State, who with Captain Burke, attended the Kentucky sales, in a LaPorte Herald on prices of Short- Horns, says: Those who are dealing in Short-Horns, and are fully posted, will give more for a calf or yearling, than those that are older. A cow will have to be something extra, to sell for more than her calf, as a general rule, if she is 4 or five years old. Those prices are high, and I cannot in this letter explain to you what I think about it as an investment; and it is doubtful whether I could convinoe yon or your readers that it would be to your interest to pay any such prices, if we should have a.personal interview. We have to be educated up to those prices, and it takes time. ThiB I have learned; that in England where they have been bred the longest, and where they give it all the care and attention that it is passible, regardless of cost, there they are selling to-day for more money than ever before; and_ in our own country where they are giving it the most attention, and know most about it, they command the highest prices. Are we not "penny wise and pound foolish?" ■ m ■ Mr. Dillon, of Illinois, claims to have a Norman celt which weighed eight hundred pounds when five and a half months old. Thirteen distillers, seven Government gnag- ers, and one deputy collector at St. Louis, have withdrawn pleas of "notguilty" and entered pleas of "guilty," instead. They are awaiting sentence. Col. John A. Joyce, convicted in St. Louis of assisting the distillers in defrauding the Government, has been sentenced lo three years and a half in the penitentiary, and to pay a fine of $3,000. E. D. Dodge, of McArthur, O., lost 15 fine sheep a few nights ago, by dogs. They were valued at $400.00. Harvey Robbins, a farmer living near town, also had 30 head killed, valued at $500. The missing $2,000 of the IT. S. Treasury department, which mysteriously disappeared a few weeks ago, has not been found; and, to make good the loss, a pro rata amount has been assessed upon the clerks of that department. A Judge in this city instructed the jury in a case of theft that they were to consider the culprit's former social standing, and high connections, and this charge was made in the face of proven guilt. The consequence was that the law and evidence were " tabnoed," and the criminal was acquitted. The report of the Commissioner of education for the year 1874, shows the following facts:— There are enrolled in the public schools ofthe country, 8,000,000 pupils. Average daily attendance, 4,500,000. The estimated number ' between six and sixteen years of age, is 10,500,000. The total income of tlie public] schools in the States and Territories, was | $82,000,000; the total expenditures, $74,000,000. The highest salaries paid teachers was in the* Cherokee Nation, $225 a month for malts, and * $200 for females. |
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