Vol. X.
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, JULY 17th, 1875.
No. 28.
Live Stock.
The public sales of the Clifton and
Glen .Echo herds, of Walter Handy and
William Lo wry, near Pine Grove, Kentucky, will take place on the 23d inst.
These excellent herds "of Short-Horns
have already been noticed in these
columns.
To men of moderate means proposing
to engage in Short-Horn breeding, we
commend the advice of an English breeder of long experience, recently published
in the Agricultural Gazette:—"By all
means^ stick most pertinaciously to the
essentials of sound, hardy constitutions,
heavy bodies on short legs, thickness
through behind the elbows, round ribs,
and a good twist, all covered with as
thick a hide as you can get, only let it be
suple, with plenty of curly hair."
A correspondent of the Maine Farmer
writes: "Every springandfall we have
a battle with the sheep-ticks. -We have
tried tobacco in solution and smoke,
sulphur, carbolic acid, and snuff, none
of which seemed effectual in exterminating the pests, but apparently the desired remedy has now been discovered.
After shearing this year, every sheep
and lamb was rubbed with crude petroleum, or natural coal oil, and the effect
has been very decisive, the ticks being
killed at once."
What a Farmer Did.—A farmer
made an experiment. He took a sheep
that weighed about 100 pounds, put it
in a pen, and after it had become wonted,
weighed all its food and found that
three pounds per day of fodder and grain
was all he sould make the sheep eat.
The farmer had verified a rule well
known to the much despised "book-
farmers," and arrived at by many and
careful experiments, that about three
pounds of good food per day for each
100 weight of live stock is a fattening
allowance. For illustration, a sheep
weighing 100 pounds requires three
pounds of food per day, and a steer
weighing 1,000 needs _ thirty pounds.
These rules are approximately correct,
being varied somewhat by quality of
food ahd stock. The farmer knowing
the weight of his feed and that of his
stock, by applying these rules, can guess
closely as to whether he has food enough
for his stock.
late Purchase.
B0TTS IN HORSES.
John Comstock, of Liberty Mills,
Wabash county, Ind., recently bought
of William Warfield, Esq., of Lexington, Ky., Loudan Duke 12th, He is
about 19 months old, red-roan, and of a
neat compact build. He is the get of
Imported Robert Napier 8,975. Dam
Loudan Duchess 2d, by Duke of Airdrie 2,743.
2d Dam Miss Wiley 4th, by 2d Duke of Athol
3d dam Imported Miss Hudson, by Hermes
8_45.
4th dam Mayoriss, by Carcase 3.85.
5th dam Matron, by Tyro 2,781.
6th dam Miss Mason or No. 51, by Falstaff 1,-
893. '
7th dam No. 6, by Dr. Syntax 220.
8th dam Charles cow, by Charles 127.
9th dam Henry cow, by Henry 301.
10th dam Lydia, by Favorite 232.
llth dam Nell, by Masons white bull. 421.
12th dam Fortune, by Bolingbroke 86.
13th dam     " "   FoIJambo_3.
llth dam      " "   _ubback319.
15th dam bred by Mr. Maynard.
A Vicious Horse Cured by Kindness.
At a meeting of the Farmer's Cltib of
the American Institute in New York
City a letter from President Ely was
read, as follows:
I have received a communication containing a story about a horse which I
think ought to be read and published in
the report of the club meetings:   "A
horse in Farmington, formerly driven in
a meat cart, was bought by its present
owner at a very low price, because reputed vicious.   He would bite, rear, kick,
run away;  was utterly uncontrollable.
Soon after changing masters the people
who had called the purchase a foolish
°ne, were surprised at the difference in
the horse's conduct.   He would go slow
a« desired, stojfinstantly at 'Whoa!' follow his master, come at his call and rub
his head on his shoulder.   What had
*nade the change?   Not force; the poor
"orse   had   been   beaten, ' kicked   and
starved before, and  grown  more  and
^ore stubborn.    No; he was well fed,
*?ell bedded, well watered;   not overdriven or overloaded;   never whipped,
ticked or scolded.   Kind words were
Riven him, and now and then an apple or
a lump of sugar.    No gentler, safer,
niore faithful horse went on the road.
*'<H, Indian fashion, he forgot neither
1 penefit nor injury. . Occasionally, when
| j*?, harness, he saw his former master.
*hen, invariably, all the fire of his na-
^""e was aroused.   His eyerolled, he
Ramped his bit and showed an intense
-.   j*^sire_togethold of his enemy.   Only
»the voice and caressing hand of his kind
SLnew owner could quiet him.    What a
Jl-?Wer *s kindness—the power that even
""f^e Almighty loves best to use!"
Agrlc
zette, London.
. The larvae of the gadfly find a temporary
habitat in various parts
of the bodies of higher
animals. One variety,
the JEJestrus equi, passes
part ot its life in the
stomach of the horse,
where it finds the conditions which are favorable to its development,
until it is ready to assume the chrysalis
state. The time which
is required by the larva_
to attain their growth,
is probably about nine
months. As they are
introduced into the
stomachs of herbivora
during seven months of
the spring and summer,
it naturally happens
that an equine stomach
is seldom examined
without some of the
larvaj being detegted adhering to the mucous
membrane, or that portion of it particularly
which is not consumed •
in the preparation of
the digestive secretion, the ga-tri/s
juice.
Botts cannot properly be called worms,
nor are they, in the proper acceptation ot
the word, parasites. Their residence in
the internal organs is temporary, and
at the proper time they quit their hold
of the digestive membrane, and are expelled along with the feculent matters.
There is no difficulty in accounting
for the presence of the bott in the stomach; in fact the horse regularly infests
himself by swallowing the egg which the
parent deposits in various parts of the
body, especially in the: legs, while the
animal is feeding in the pastures or traveling along the road. Probably while
the horse is confined to the streets of
the town he is comparatively safe, but
few animals go through a summer without entering suburban district, and, half
an hour in the green lanes, will suffice
for the deposit of, numerous eggs which
will afterward be swallowed, enter the
stomach, and become hatched into the
larvae which quickly grow to a considerable size, some of them being nearly
an inch in length. A smaller variety,
which is of a bright pink color5 is sometimes found, but there, is nothing in relation to the peculiarities of these larvse,
as compared with the common kind,
which has any significance in a veterinary
point of view.
An important question for veterinary
ry pathologists is, Are bots, during their
temporary residence, usually or occasionally injurious to; their host? And are
there any means of expelling them? To
the first question the reply is a general
negative, but there ate a few instances on
record in which the larvse have been so
numerous, and have made notes in the
coats|of the stomach, that the integrity of
the viscus has been destroyed, and the
horse hasfdied from rupture ofthe organ.
Such cases are, however, extremely rare.
At different times we have been called
upon to invstigate instances of alleged
death from the presence of bots in horses' stomachs,- but in the majority of cases, causes of disease altogether unconnected with the existence of larva!, have
presented themselves. In one remarkable case a number of horses had died in
succession from an obscure malady, the
nature of which could not be defined.
The animals fell off in condition, refused
food, and ultimately died in an extreme
state of emaciation. It occurred to some
to open the stomach of one of the animals, and, finding a number of bots attached to the lining membrane, it was at
once concluded without any'hesitation
that the cause of the fatality was discovered, and the only question which
remained to he investigated was the best
method of getting rid of the pests and
thus presevering the lives of the other
horses in the establishment.
A careful inquiry was meanwhile made
into, the circumstances of the animal's
management, the result of which'was to
establish the fact that the fatal disease
was in reality blood poisoning, due to the
use of provender of a bad quality. No
attempt was made to expel the bots, but
a total change in the system of feeding
was ordered, and no further attacks
were'reported.
In all instances'where disease is apparently attributable to parasitic invasion,
it is well to remember that other causes
of disease may be present. The tendency to look upon worms.of all sorts as the
authors of any mischief which may have
occurred, is wrong.
As to the treament of bots, it may be
stated that no agent has as yet been
found to cause them to quit their hold
of the membrane. Some remedies having
been given at the time when the larva;
happen to have attained their full development, ^ain the undeserved credit of
causing their expulsion, but experience
goes to show that no treatment is necessary, and none is likely to be effectual,
even if it were necessary.
A   PAIR   OP   COTSWOLDS.
GRADE COTSWOLD FLEECE.
Editor Indiana Farmer:
As. others are reporting weights of
fleeces from different classes of sheep, I
will fall in line with my grade Cotswold
yearlings. I clipped '451} lbs. of wool
from 45 yearlings of my own raising.
These lambs were sired by a thoroughbred Cotswold buck, from Maple-Shade
flock, that cost me $50 00 when G months
old. About half of the ewes were common natives that I bought for $3 00 per
head, and the remainder grades of my
own raising, worth $5 00 or $6 00 per
head. My buck sheared 17} lbs. at one
year old, and 16 lbs. at two years old.
Have 85 lambs that I think are as good
as the yearlings. A. P. Wiley.
Augusta, Marion co., Ind.
PEDIGREE STOCK.
with warm sheds in which he could put
his cattle at night. It was well to give
them air and exercise in the day, but by
leaving them out at night they lost a
great qnantity milk. The night air was
very much colder than the day, and it
took frpm the animals the carbonic gasj
extracting the butter and cheese which
the farmer wanted. If they had any
doubt about it, let them try six cows
under the different treatments, and see
the difference there would be in the
yields milk,, . He was not there to lay
down aiij? rule, but from his experience
he was perfectly certain that it was a serious loss to gentlemen who have their
cows lying out all night.
POINTS OF A JERSEY!
The Royal Jersey Agricultural and Hortlcnl-
tnral Society give a valuable scale of points
wnich the Philadelphia Practical Farmer and
Journal of the Farm tor July says are everywhere recognized as the standard for Jersey
cows and heifers. This breed is universally admitted to be the best cream and butter producing breed of cows ln the world, and though
tnere is still some discussion as to the proper
color for Jerseys, that of itself is not a point of
material Importance. In England, Just now,
the fashionable color Is a dun-deer color, but It
seems harder to determine which is, than
which ls not, the proper color. As will be observed, color ls not Included in the scale of
points given below:
1. Head—Small, fine and tapering.
2. Cheek—Small.
3. Throat—Clean. „ ,__    ,
4. Muzzle—Fine, and encircled by light color.
5. Nostrils—High and open.
6. Horns—Smooth, crumpleil; not too thick
at base, and tapering.
Ears—Small and thin.
Ears—Of a deep orange color within.
Eye—Full and placid.
Neck-Straight, fine, and placed lightly on
shoulders.
Chest—Broad and deep.
Barrel—Hooped, broad and deep.
"Well ribbed home, having but little space
between the last rib and hip.
Back—Straight from withers to the top ol
the hip.
Back-Straight from the top of the hip to
the setting on of the tall.
Tail—Fine. ■
Tail—Hanging dojra to the hocks.
Hlde-^-Thln and movable, but   not    too
Hide—Covered with fine, soft hair.
H lde—Of good color.
Fore-legs—Short, straight and fine.
Fore-arm—Swelling and rail above  the
knee.
Hlnd-quartere—From the hock to the point
of the rump long and well filled np.
24. Hind legs—Short and straight (below the
hocks) and bones rather fine,
25. Hind Iegs--__arely placed; not too close
together when viewed from behind.
Hind legs—Not too clase ln walking.
Hoofs—Small. „ .   ,,
Udder—Full in form; I. e., well ln line with
the belly.
Udder—Well up behind. .
Teats—Large and squarely placed, behind
well apart.
Milk Veins—Very prominent.
Growth.
General appearance.
Condition.
PERFECT10-, 34 points.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
26.
27.
28.
29.
31.
32.
33.
34.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Wet Pood for Horses.
THOROUGHBRED BULLS PAY.
A speaker at an English farmers'
meeting' made _ some sensible remarks
about nigh-priced fancy stock. He
traced at considerable length the increasing prices obtained for what were
called pedigree stock,_ showing that in
many instances the pedigree was quite incorrect, and that the speculation was an
unprofitable one.and then, as a practical man. gave his view of how Short-horns
were to be bred and what use they were.
The most important point, in his opinion, in selecting a cow, was to take care
that she had plenty of good thick-set
hair on her, so that if they were obliged
to keepher out at night she would have
some thing on her bac_ to keep her warm.
The next thing was to look after the
milk. He looked upon milk as the first
great element in life; if they had no
milk they had no constitution; and without milk how were they going to get
cheese or butter? It was the fashion
now to run after meat; people wanted to
see a cow almost like a barrel, her ribs
and shoulders not to show. She was to
be straight on this side and on that; and
this was what they called neatness, and
perhaps it might look pretty. But as
practical men they all knew the value in
a cow of good wide loins and hips. The
next point was the width of the chest-
not the depth of it, but that the chest
should be round in order to give plenty
of room for the heart and lungs and
plenty of room between the fore-legs.
He would advise them to purchase no
show animals. The greater number of
prizes were now acquired by animals fed
on sugar, which was sure to stop the
breeding, and if they came to turn their
animals out to grass they would melt
away like snow in the summer sun.
Then, again, clean food and clean water
are very essential if they wished to
do anything with Short-horns. Filthy,
dirty water would produce inflammation
of the stomach. He used a large quantity of bran and linseed, and scarcely
ever lost a cow from milk fever. He
strongly advocated kindness, and said
there was positively no knowing the loss
a master suffered by his men ill-treating
his cattle. They would in very many
cases withhold the milk from a man who
ill-treated them. Besides that, if they
insisted upon their nten being kind to
the animals, they were likely to carry
that conduct into their own cottages, and
to be kind to their wives and children.
The manner in which animals were
stuffed and made up for shows caused a
great deal of suffering, and he thought
it was very unreasonable, very wrong,
and ought to be put a stop to. He had
noticed since he came into the country
that a number of the cows were allowed
to remain all night in the fields. That
ought not to be, and he thought every
land-owner ought to supply his farmers
The National Live Stock Journal has
the following remarks:
On the occasion ofa recent trip through
Central Illinois, we had the company,
for a few hours, of Mr. J. B. Ryburn of
Bloomington, McLean county, and our
conversation naturally drifted upon stock
matters, and cattle matters in particular. In the course of this conversation,
Mr. Ryburn related some of his experience in handling grades for beef. His
pasture was divided from that of one of
his neghbors by a narrow lane, the land
and the grass being as near the same as
can be found in adjoining lots on the
same farm. Mr. Ryburn's neighbor, an
intelligent gentleman, who had given no
particular thought to the management
of live stock, raised native cattle with
no admixture of improved blood, and of
one spring's calves turned five into the
pasture adjoining Mr. Ryburn's.
Mr. Ryburn, about the same time,
turned into his pasture three grade
calves. All the calves were of about the
same age, having been dropped the same
season, and no thought was given by
either one to their keep. but,theyhad the
freedom of their respective pastures during the proper season, and during the
winter ran with the common cattle of
the farm, mainly in thestalk-fields. The
ages and the keep of the calves were so
nearly identical, that, if they had been
of the same blood, they would have had
about an equal value. During the summer after these calves were two years
old, a cattle drover, who had made it
his busiuess to travel around that portion ofthe country purchasing cattle to
ship.to the Chicago market, rode into
the lane which separated these two pastures, arid before he rode out he pur
chased both lots of calves from their
respective owners. They were not weighed, we believe, but the drover looked
them over, and paid such prices as he
thought would leave him a profit when
they were shipped and sold. He paid
Mr. Ryburn for his three calves $105.75
per head, or $317.25; while for the native calves he paid Mr. Ryburn's neighbor $55 per head, ot $275 for the five, a
difference of $50.75 per head in favor of
the grades at two years old. Whether
Mr. Ryburn's grades were exceptionably
good Jor not, the reader can be his own
judge; but there is no question that the
native calves must have been unusually
good ones, or they would not have
brought so much i-monev at two years
old. , Mr. Ryburn's neighbor was so
struck with the advantage of using
thoroughbred bulls, that he has maintained one on his farm ever since, and
probably always will,        ■>
At this season of the year, farm horses
are obliged to work very hard, and it is
not only right and just, but for the pecuniary interest of their owners to see that
they are well fed. Arid it seems to me
that they ought not only to have good
food and plenty of it, but also that it
shoald be given to them wet. I believe
a great toany horses are permanently injured by being kept in the summer,
when they work, upon dry hay and meal.
Just what injury will result from this
course of feeding cannot certainly be
foretold. Whether it will take the form
of derangement of the digestive organs
or affections of the throat and lungs,
will depend somewhat upon the natural
tendencies of the animals, and the quality and condition of the food which they
receive. But injury ot some kind will
be very likely to result. It is but little
trouble to wet the food, and I am confident that it is safer than it is to feed it
dry. For a horse that is at work most
ofthe time, I think " cut feed " is the
best which can be given. But if the
hay is not cut, it pays to throw on a
little water. Feeding dry meal has been
highly recommended, and I have tried
it faithfully but am not satisfied with
the results; had rather put the meal in
a pail and mix it with water. Horses
seem to like it as well as they do dry,
and I think it does them more good. I
do not think dry food is the best for any
horses, but with those which are kept
hard at work it does not seem to agree as
well as with those which are seldom
used.  E.
A New Coin.—The new twenty-cent
silver piece 'is now ready for distribution at the mint. The obverse is similar
to the quarter-dollar, with the exception that the word "Liberty" across the
shield is raised and the design is smaller in proportion to the size of the coin.
On the reverse is an eagle holding in his
talons the olive branch and three arrows. At each end of the inscription,
"United States of America," is a six-
pointed star. Beneath the eagle are the
words "Twenty Cents." The edge ofthe
coin is not milled, as is the case on all
other United States silver coins, this
difference probably being intended to
distinguish the new piece from the
quarter-dollar. The words, "In God
We Trust," wheih have appeared on
most of the national coins of late years,
are omitted.
I inquire through your paper fer a
remedy for a cow with a swelling under
the lower jaw. She has been so for
about two months, and gets no better.
The cow is doing well but it bothers her
to eat. The swelling is on the under
side of the jaw and continues the full
length. It is a hard substance. No apparent cause for it ? (}. W. Oles.
Plymouth, Ind.
Ed. Farmer.—You failed to publish correctly the recipe for hog cholera
I sent you, and which was published in
the number of July 3d. It is as follows:
Madder 1 lb.; saltpeter 1 lb.; sulphur
1 lb.; resin 1 lb.; black-antimony, } lb.;
copperas } lb.; asafoetida } lb.; arsenic
2 9Z.   Directions   as published, correct.
Parke Co., Ind. Benefit.
Editor Farmer.—I would take it as
a great favor to have you give the address of our State Agricultural College
through y«ur valuable paper, as I would
like very much to attend the following
term. Your paper is considered a valuable one here. -   S.
Rising Sun, Ind.
If our correspondent will address
President Shortridge, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., he can obtain all the
information desired.
Will the editors of the Indiana
Farmer be bo kind as to inform their
readers through the columns of their
valuable paper, whether or not there is
such a man in Indianapolis as Nathan
Fitzgerald, who claims to be U. S.
Claim Agt. We saw him advertised in
the Indiana Farmer. We have written to him but fail to get an answer.
Warrick Co., Ind.
Yes, there is a man of that kind here;
and. as he was as backward about paying: his advertising bills as he appears to
be in answering correspondents, we discontinued his card. Neither business
trait is a good recommendation.
Editor Indiana Farmer.—Will
you please inform me through your most
valuable paper, whether wheat when it
is badly frozen or drowned out will turn
to cheat or not? "Another question,
will cheat turn to timothy, if it is let
stand the first year ? Will it be timothy the second ? The Farmer is a welcome visitor. B. H. R.
Stockdale, Ind.  (
This is a question that has been much
discussed, and which has plenty of advocates yet on both sides of it. No
carefully conducted experiments have
yet demonstrated that wheat would, under certain conditions of climate, turn
to anything else, and until actual experiments demonstrate that our present
knowledge of the laws of nature in this
respect is incorrect, it will not be believed that one kind of grain turns to
another. It takes clear proof to unsettled beliefs, and this has not yet been
afforded.
Pigs.—Several _ weeks ago I asked
through your paper what a pig ought to
weigh at one month old, and so on even-
month. If_ some of our big hog breeders are afraid to give the weight, why, I
will give the weight of one of mine at
one month old, July 5th. lt weighed 28
pounds. You will hear from me again
in 30 days. Perhaps some one would
like to know what breed my hogs are.
They are what I call the poor man's
profit, white hogs, heavy quarters, large
and thrifty growers, and will fatten at
any age. .L.S.Goodwin.
Waterloo, Ind.
Reducing Rates of Interest.—How
can we reduce current rates of interest ?
some one asks. By the enactment of
Usury Laws ? Not at all I Usury Laws
make the cost of money borrowed larger
instead of less. All that is required we
have often stated, viz.: Issue national
paper money tokans as the sole currency,,
regulating the volume automatically, so
'that it will always conform to the requirements of commerce and fix the purchasing power—both of these important
features being attainable simply by making these paper money tokens interchangeable at holders option in sums say
of one thousand dollars and multiples
thereof, with bonds of the Government
bearing a fixed equitable rate of interest.
—N. Jr. Mercantile Journal.
Messrs. S Meredith & Son, Cambridge
City, Ind., have received their recent
valuable Short-Horn purchases in Canada.
«  .  » -,—
J. H. Comer, of Orange county, New
York; has imported eighteen Holstein
cattle from north Holland, this spring.
The Beet Sugar company at Freeport,
111., has about eight hundred acres of
beets planted this year, some one hundred
and fifty of which they are cultivating
themselves, the rest being grown by
farmers in the immediate vicinity. The
stand is good, and the young plants stand
from two to three inches high. The enterprise has not paid thus far, but the
proprietors are hopeful.
A large poplar tree was recently cut
down in Monroe county, West Virgina,
which turned out 9,500 feet of plank. The
tree produced ten logs, each of whieh
was ten feet in length._ The lumber from
this one tree was sufficient to erect a good
size dwelling-house, for which it was
used.
Gold in France.—France now seems
to be the reservoir into which the gold
of the world is pouring. In the first
three months of the present year the
imports of the precious metals exceeded
350,000,000 francs, or $70,000,000, and
almost four-fifths of the whole was in
gold coin and bullion. The sources of
this supply were much more various
than may be supposed, for much less
than one-half was sent from England.
The United States contributed about
$10,000,000, and vast sums were also
received from Germany. By the last,
received report of the Bank of France
the cash locked up in its vaults was
1,535,000,000 francs, or $307,000,000,.
while the bank of England at the same
time held only $103,000.
~>_
1LV