VoLX
ITOIANAPOnS, MDIANA, JUNE 19th, 1875.
Liyg Stock.
Jessie Johnson, of Lawrence county
Ind., writes us that he has this spring
sheared from one old Cotswold buck
fifteen pounds of wool, from one yearling
fifteen and a half, and another yearling
sixteen pounds of wool. These latter
were twins. The three yielded 46*
pounds.
r  .    s»    .	
Imported Heavy Draught Clydesdale
Stallion.
"Lord Clyde." purchased from Mr.
James Drummond Blaoklaw, Dumferm-
line, Fifeshire, Scotland, by Beattie and
Miller, 'Whitevale, Ontario, Canada,
afterwards sold to Dr. J. P. Forsyth,
Franklin, Indiana, United States of
America.
"Lord Clyde" is a bay horse'rising six
years old, sired by "Sir Colin," Sam
Maggie by Glassgow Geordie.Grand Dam
Fanny Ross by Old Times, &c, &c.
Sir Colin, Glassgow Geordie and Old
Times were all noted horses in Scotland
and were all sires of many prize animals,
both of the Highland Societie's show
and other shows in Scotland.
 .    ss*    s	
The Merino.
Editor Indiana Farmer:
I have a . small flock of Merinoes
which I think are good. If any one has
better I would like to hear from them
through the Indiana Farmer. From
30 head I clipped 312 lbs. of unwashed
wool. My best fleeces ranging from 15
to 22 lbs.
,   Owing to the hard winter and scarcity
of feed they were not in good condition.
I am frequently asked why I raise
snch sheep? My answer is, I think they
are the most profitable sheep; clipping
more wool, eating leas and are more
hardy. I would like to hear from some
of my brother sheep raisers.
H. D. COIsLINQS.
Park county, Ind. .
_lr..Collings sends with the above
some very beautiful samples of his merino wool. We have never seen finer
samples than these, and if his flock is
secure against the ravages of the dogs,
he will doubtless make sheep husbandry
both profitable and pleasant.
THE LAW OF LIKENESS.
In stock-breeding too little attention
has thus far been paid to this important
law, at least by the masses of breeders.
Our present fine strains, have been
brought up to what they are by careful
breeding and careful management. Once
in a while a fair animal may be produced
by common ancestry, but experience is
uniform in the testimony that this is the
exception and not the rule. If the bull
had defects back a little in the line of
his ancestry, these will crop out as a
rule in the product, and while one good
animal may be produced by him, a score
will be the reverse. The Progressive
Farmer says upon this subject that
beyond doubt therere are among animals
of pure breeding, certain pedigrees which
have a higher value than others. But
to many minds, it is not quite clear on
precisely what basis this superior value
rests. Evidently there are those who
hold that the worth of the best strains
of blood, is independent of the excellence of the individual animals in whose
veins it runs.
Nothing could be more erroneous.
Individual excellence is the one great
purpose of improved breeding and. consequently, it is the only true test of value in pedigree^ In other words, that
line of descent is best which produces
uniformly, generation after generation,
the greatest number of superior animals,
and, we may add, no pedigree whatever
will ensure the production of superior
animals under irregular feeding and general neglect.
An inferior animal, therefore, belonging to any pure breed, lacks not only a
high value in itself but gives evidence
against the value of its line of descent.
The want of value in the individual is,
to that extent, the. want of excellence
in the pedigree. Who can assure us
that a defective bull will beget perfect
calves because hi3 ancestors were models
°f beauty? He may, indeed, transmit
the qualities of his ancestry, but the
chances are that he will transmit his
own qualities rather. The law of likeness operates more uniformly than that
of reversion, and it is, consequently, unwise and unsafe to pay high prices for
animals which have nothing to recommend them but fashionable pedigree.
■    s_     • —
A visitor to a fine Kentucky stock
'arm saw three pure-bred Short-horn
cows, worth on an average $2,000, work-
''pS in the yoke to prevent the accumulation of fat.
WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS.
The out above represents the pair of
White Holland Turkeys, White Giant
and Lady Snowball, bred and owned by
M. T. Kelly, Bloomingdale, Indiana.
He writes as follows of the pair and
breed:    ,
"The pair were hatched the first dav
of July, 1872, and on the first day of December, 1874, weighed 63 pounds to the
pair, the gobbler weighing 41 pounds. In
eolor and plumage the White Hollands
are snowy white, with heads and beads a
rich   scarlet,   and   the   long,  jet-black
Important Series of Short-horn Sales.
The following sales in Kentucky take
place in July. Mr. B. F. Vanmeter,
on the 21st, an extended notice of which
we gave some time ago.
This is foiled by that of Messrs. Kin-
naird & Cunningham, at the residence of
Mr. J. G. Kinnaird, near Chilesburg,
July22d.' "
The first sale of the Clifton and Glen
Echo Herds will follow that of Messrs.
Kinnaird & Cunningham, on the 23d.
On July 27th the herds of Messrs.
Innes and Burgess will be sold at the
residence of Mr. C. W. Innes, about
nine miles from Lexington.
On the 28th the sale of the Messrs.
Offutt and Mr. L. P. Muir will take
place.
On July 29th Mr. James Sudduth, of
Newtown, Ky., will sell about 40 head
of carefully and fashionably bred Shorthorns.
The Kentucky   Live  Stock Journal
speaks in the highest  praise  of   these
herds.
■  -  »
FEEDING OATS TO COLTS.
There has frequently, says the Live
Slock Journal, been discussion upon tbe
propriety of feeding colts grain. Many
farmers seem to think that oats is dangerous food for the colt, but not for the
mature horse. This is a mischievous
opinion, and should be corrected as soon
as possible. Colts are sometimes injured
(but more for want of grain) by feeding
too much grain without admixture of
coarse food. Corn or corn meal, fed
alone, is too concentrated to be properly
digested by the colt or the horse. Oats
is not so liable to do injury, even if fed
alone, because each bushel contains
twelve to fourteen pounds of husk. We
agree with G. H. B. in the following extract from the Maine Farmer, except an
inaccuracy in the amount of meal in a
bushel of oats. Instead of being twelve
er thirteen pounds of meal, that is about
the amount of husk, and nineteen to
twenty pounds is the amount of meal in
a bushel of oats. This would make two
and two-thirds pounds of oat-meal in
four quarts of oats, and this would not
hurt a good-sized colt the first winter,
but we usually give about three quarts
per day the first winter, in two feeds.
I not e Mr. Cushman, of Sherman,
Me., asks some very pertinent questions
on feeding colts, in a late number of your
paper, and says he is told that feeding
oats to colts will "burn the life out of
them and render them worthless." I
give my colts the first winter after weaning four quarts per day, the second all of
six, and when coming three a peck at
least. Now let us see what amount of grain
they are eating. A bushel of average
oats in Maine will yield about twelve or
thirteen pounds of meal, and colts after
weaning would be getting in four quarts
a day about a pound and a half of oatmeal. Is this too much feed for a good
colt through the rigors of such a winter
as we have just experienced? Colts
well fed until they arrive  at  maturity,
beards of the males help to make up the
most beautiful contrast in color imaginable. The back part of the legs, and
the feet, are a pale flesh color, with the
front scales silvery white. The White
Hollands are shorter in tbe neck, legs,
and wings, than the Bronze variety,
heavier in the body, and in dressing,
waste less.
"As table fowls, they are superior to
any variety within my knowledge, their
flesh being whiter, more tender and
juicy, and the color of their plumage
making them dress more easily and look
nicer than those of a dark color. I have,
by way of experiment, for two seasons
procured a few Bronze eggs of a neigh
bor, who breeds large turkeys of that
vanety,_ set them together with white
eggs, raised them with the same hen and
the same care, and find the Whites to be
equally hardy, less disposed to wander to
a great distance, fatten more readily at
an early age, and give greater weights at
from fivo to seven months old, and at
maturity are fully as large. The hens
are great layers, one of mine laying, last
year, fifty-two eggs before desiring to sit,
and after raising her brood, in the
fall again resumed laying, which she
continued until after cold weather set
in. They are good sitters, and as
mothers, I think they are abstlutely
unequalled."
will have the "form and substance of a
horse," but they will not have to be constantly fedwith grain after they have attained their growth, for they should
then be fed according to their work.
But you will have the size and development of your horse insured, and then he
will pay for raising for business purposes, if he don't prove to be   a trotter.
>   s»   »   •	
South-Down Sheep.
This valuable sheep has been known
and bred a long time in England, where
it has always maintained _ the character
of a hardy animal, yielding a medium
quality of wool, and furnishing mutton
of a superior flavor. Mr. John Elman,
of England, according to tbe history,
took them thoroughly in hand, and
founded a flock which has been the
source whence all the best blood has
since been derived.
A good Southdown is described as follows : The head small and hornless;
the face speckled or gray, and neither
too long nor too short; the lips thin,
and the space between the nose and the
eyes narrow; tbe under jaw, or chop,
fine and thin; the ears tolerably wide,
and well covered with wool, and the
forehead also, and the whole space between the ears well protected by it, as a
defense against the fly ; eyes full and
bright; the legs neither too long nor too
short.
The Southdown, both for mutton and
for fleece, is fully equal to _ any other
breed. They do not shear quite as heavy
a fleece, nor market so heavy a carcass
as some of the long-wools, but both are
worth more per pound in the market.
The buck can be profitably introduced
into any flock, which will result in improvement. The Southdown is a beautiful, quiet animal, and eo thoroughly
domesticated as to follow readily after
its owner, and it seems to be fond of the
companionship of man.—/. V. M., in
Ohio Farmer.
At a sale of Short-horns, the property of Richard Martin, near Kyneton,
Australia, the herd of thirty-six head
sold for $81,790; for the fifteen bulls an
average of $2,236 each, and twenty-one
cows and heifers averaged $2,083. The
thirty-six head averaged $2,272. The
Earl of Geneva, bred by R. I _vin Davis,
out of Kirkleavington Duchess Second,
was sold for $9,700.
The advantages^ of cross-breeding
sheep are Ret forth in a statement in a
recent issue of the Agricultural Gazette,
in which it is said that Cotswold ewes
crossed with pure Hampshire Down
rams yield 115 lambs to the 100 ewes,
while 90 per cent, is the extreme yield of
lambs by the pure-bred Cotswolds or
Hampshire Downs.
The Berkshire Swine Record is under
way, and Mr. A. M. Garland, Springfield, Illinois, Secretary of the Association of Breeders formed last winter, ad- ]
vertises that he will supply blanks on
application to those desiring to register
pedigrees.
A telegram from Vienna says that a
contract for the purchase of 10,000
horses, to be delivered at the end of
June, has been concluded on behalf of
France at the horse fair of Netolilz, in
Bohemia.
Sheep in Colorado.
The following is from a letter written
bv one of the most prominent sheep men
in Larimer county, Colorado. His former experience was in New York :
Our sheep are wintering finely. We
are wintering 750 Mexican ewes. Have
fed thcm.bs. three or four times, a little, and no grain. Our Merino breeding ewes are fed one peck of corn to 160
breeding ewes, and no hay, and thsy
gain all the whilo on the range. I never
had my sheep do as well East, on the
best of hay and one-half bushel of corn
per hundred, as these do on this light
ration. My ideas about sheep husbandry here are much improved. It is much
better than I had anticipated or hoped
for. I think sheep and horses do better
than cattle. I want to keep here, when
I get fixed right, 1,000 pure Merino ewes,
and sell annually at publio sale, so as to
keep my flock reduced to about that
number. When I get this sale once established, I think it will work admirably. I shall, of course, sometimes sell
low, but again at other times for enough
to make the average of all sales very
satisfactory. Then I will keen nothing
but pure-bloods. I think we have now
50,000 sheep in Larimer county, and one
year from now may safely calculate upon
150,000 sheep in this county alone.
Colorado is to be a great sheep country,
and many millions of sheep will be
grazed here in a few years. It will be
the leading industry here. Many capitalists from the East are already availing themselves of the great opportunity
to increase their capital by investing in
sheep to graze on these plains.
Crops in Georgia.—We take  the
following crop notes from the monthly
reports of the Georgia Department of
Agriculture:
Corn.—There are 7 per cent, more
acres planted in corn this year than last,
or 152,916 acres more than last year.
There is also an increase of 6 per cent,
in the amount of fertilizers used on
corn: 68 percent, of these compost. In
preparation and time of planting, there
is a decrease of 3 per cent.,
Oats.—There is an increase of 12 per
cent, in the number of acres sown in oats,
or 55,215 acres more than last year. 49
per cent, of these, were sown in the fall,
and 21 per cent, fertilized. The condition of the crop May 15th, throughout
tbe State, was 1 per cent, above an average.
Wheat.—The acreage in wheat is 14
per cent., or 50,239 acres more than last
year; 5 per cent, moro fertilizers used on
it, and the condition of the crop, May
15th, 1 per cent, above an average. The
varieties principally recommended as
successful are the " Tappahannock,"
"Early Red," or "Red May," in the
middle and lower counties, and the
"Tappahannock" and the spring varieties in the northern counties.
Clover.—The acreage in clover is 7
per cent, greater than last year, while its
condition May 15th was 1 per cent below an average.
AMERICAN TIMBER.
Editor Indiana Farmer:
Fifty years   ago,   almost   the   entire
State of Indiana was one vast   woods,
containing the choicest timbers   for  the
building of houses, and the construction
of machinery.   Then the "fell destroyer" penetrated far into the rich recesses
of her forests, and began the insatiable
destruction, and as  years  have lengthened,    the   vast   field   of   devastation
widened until the world has been shaken
to    her   commercial   centers,   and the
"body politic" stands agast as   the ques
tion presents itself.   From whence shall
our timbers come to supply the second,
ang third generations to  come ?   Shall
it come from the East ?   Behold yonder
train of cars   thundering   out   of your
land, as if hurrying from   condemnation
for theft.   See!   it is   laden,  already,
with choicest and most valuable productions of your   forests.   Shall   it come
from the West ?   No ! as you roam the
prairies of Kansas and   Iowa,  the timbers, nails, lime, glass   and   paint, with
which their houses are built were drawn
from the resources of   Indiana and her
sister States.   Shall it come from  the
North?   Already there comes the news
from those pineries of onr frigid States
that the work   of   depletion  is   almost
complete.   The South is without power
to come to   us   with   assistance.   What
then shall we do ?   Shall   it   be grown
upon our own soils ?   This is our   only
hope in the great future before  us;   we
have examined all quarters of the country, and none are there from whence our
future supply must come.
If the rate of destruction which has
been kept up for the past half century,
is kept up proportionate during the next,
this vast country of wealth and prosperity must lecome a barren waste. It
is everywhere evident that each State
must grow their owp timber, not merely
for the benefits which _ we derive from
its use in the arts and in mechanical industry : for,its effects of a meteorological nature are of doubly vast importance.
From research we find that the increase
and decrease of rainfall is almost exactly proportionate with the amount of
timDer a country affords. The effects
upon the temperature of the atmost-
phere is equally marked.
Timber cannot be produced in a single
season. Men plant and sow their cereals
whith the expectation of reaping the
direct benefits of their labor, but not so
with him who plants trees. Coming
generations must reap the result of his
labors.
The amount of rainfall in this State
has been noticeably lessened since its
first settlements; the rains are more
violent; the winds more furious ; the
drouths of summer are more frequent
and distressing, and these evil effects are
painfully increasing. They can be attributed to nothing other than the destruction of our forests.
Rivers which were once the highways
of commerce, are now forded by wagon
and team with impunity. This evil can
be checked in no other way than by
planting and preserving our forest trees.
The general good that will result from
so doing is incalculable ; it will not only
enhance the value of our lands but it
will be the means through which this
beautiful and prosperous^ country shall
be preserved from becoming as fruitless
as the arid deserts of Africa. '
On the other hand it cannot do other
wise than increase the riches of the   in
dividual, who fosters the production of
our ligneous wealth.
With the facts, that the prosperity of
of our nation depends, in a great measure, upon a_ liberal supply of timber,
starejng us in the face, we at once see
that it becomes, and is, the duty of every
farmer; every owner of real estate;
every man who has one drop of philan-
thropical blood in his veins, to do their
duty toward replacing the timber
which is now being so rapidly consumed.
Let the farmer destroy the grubs and
valuless underbrush, and fill up the vacancy by planting oak, ash, walnut and
Eoplar trees ; plant them along _ the
ighways, in_ the uncultivated ravines,
and on the hilltops, in fact, let them be
planted everywhere that they do not encroach upon the growing cereals, and in
a few years he can begin to realize how,
some day, his children will be benefited
thereby, while the world will look upon
him as a philanthropist and a nations
benefactor. L. E.
_ 1   <   s	
The Grasshoppers in Nebraska.
Grasshoppers in immense numbers
have appeared at Plattsmouth, Neb.,
and are destroying everything. They are
moving northward. Immense clouds of
them made their appearance flying northward over Omaha about 11 o'clock
Friday. But few of them alighted in
that immediate vicinity, but immense
clouds cover the fields near Florence,
eight miles above there. Great numbers
of them have been examined, and every
one has many of the red parasites on
them, eating out their vitals.
Indiana Farmer Family.
Onr Postal Card Correspondence,
GIBSON COUNTY-lune 17th.
The prospect of wheat ls better than lt was a
month ago. tye expect one-half a crop. Wheat
is worth $1.10; corn 60 cents; potatoes tlJXr, meal
90 cents. ji ^
GRANT COUNTY.
Wheat will be a good average ln this connty;
Oats better prospect this far than common, and
the corn crop also, promises very One. There
Is more planted than ever before ln this county.
No fruit of consequence this year.
J. M. Ellis.
SWITZERLAND COUNTY.
We are having a good deal of rain. Corn did
not come up very well. Wheat looks very bad,
and grass light. Very few oats sown. Chinch
and potato bugs are plenty. "Hard times on
our crawfish lands," Mr. H. Stow says.  FJUJt.
PIKE COUNTT.
A tremendous storm passed over this county
on the Sth, and as a result the formers are busy
rebuilding their fences, many of which were
blown down. AU kinds of crops look well
Ilogs are dying with cholera, some farmers
having lost all they had. 8. a.
ANOTHER "PIKT,"
Crops look very well. Hogs are dying with
cholera. Weather very wet; and corn not yet
all planted. Fruit will be scarce. Can't tell
much about the Granges here, as I have been
absent so long. I visited a Grange ln Texas,
and fonnd all right, and found it all right, and
moving forward ln the good work.
ty. E. Chafpell.
HAMILTON COUNTY-June 12th.
Prospect for wbeat about an average; the
rains have somewhat lDjured It. Cora ls ln a
critical condition, badly injured by the heavy
fall of rain, by washing out. Borne plowing
going on but too wet to do good work. Some
grounds would be altogether too wet for a week
yet. But little fruit of any kind. Pastures
doing flne, grass and clover doing well.  J. D.
HARRISON COUNTY.
Wheat will not make one-fourth of a crop.
Corn looks well; also oats and grasses. Fruit
nearly all killed. Pastures are good Btock in
good condition. Hogs are scarce, none selling.
The grangers are running their co-operative
wagons to New Albany and Louisville, taking
off marketing In good order and selling at good
prices, and buying their goods and groceries at
wholesale prices. We nave forty or fifty per
cent. J. 8. Burgess.
KOSCIUSKO COUNTY.
Wheat ls looking up a little—think there will
be about two-thirds of a crop. Frnit about all
killed. There will be a few cherries. Farmers
who read the Fabmk^ are now busy cultivating
their corn. Some others are not through planting. Wheat S1.05 per bushel. Corn 60 cents.
Stock hogs are scarce and selling at 6 and 6%
cents.  Granges are growing allttle cold.
B. F. H.
IAY COUNTY.
Wheat in this section will be abont half a
crop. Oats exceedingly good. Clover nearly
all frozen out; timothy good where it stood the
winter. Flax just moderate—not much sown.
Corn not all planted yet. We have had a little
too much rain of late. The heavyralnswashed
out much of the corn and caused much to rot.
There is being a large bredth of corn planted.
Fruits are generally killed except currants and
goosberrles. David Atkinson.
MONROE COUNTY.
Wheat looks promising for the season—will
yield half a crop, perhaps. Oats short, but
coming out considerable. More corn planted
than common, and lt looks well—the late
planting promises the best crop—much of the
early having been re-planted. We have
had too much rain, hindering the cultivation
of the ground, so that the w'.eds and grass got a
good start. Clover ls good. Potatoes look well,
though we have plenty of bugs. No peaches or
early apples, but plenty of late apples and garden berries. A. T. Allmam.
KOSCIUSKO COUNTY.
Cool nights and a little forst on 15th instant.
Wheat uneven, some In blossom, some not ln
head;|ln the same Held some farmers have
got their corn worked, some Just done planting.
Oats look well. Clover very scarce. Timothy
thin on the ground. Sheep and hogs scarce.
Grangers on the increase. The Farmer Is
highly appreciated as well as my Essex pigs.
J. Brady.
SHELBY COUNTY—Jane Sth.
Wheat looks bad, not half a crop. Corn looks
well. Potatoes ln flne condition. Barley
winter killed, not half a crop can be expected.
Fruit most all killed. Corn worth 68 cents per
bushel, wheat 11.15. Hogs scarce and high.
Some cholera among what few there Is. The
recent rain fall and flood done much damage ln
this county. The I»diaha Fabmbk Is liked by-
all classes. •!• C
VIGO COUNTY—June 14th.
Corn crop very backward. Wheat looks good
generally. Oatslook well, but little sown. The
farmers are talking something about raising
sheep by killing off all the dogs, regardless of
any penalty imposed by law in favor of dogs.
We will not make any difference between
children's pets or family favorites, whatever.
We have made a close calculation in this vicinity of how the enterprise will terminate. We
And that we can clip enough wool at present
firices to pay all fines, and have the mutton
eft, which is better than too have too much
dog meat. Ed. R. Wythe.
KNOX COUNTY.
We are now having fine growing weather.
Farmers very busy working out their corn, the
prospect for a good corn crop here ls very good,
although white river extended beyond her
banks and rulnd some corn ln low lands, but
will be replanted. Wheat crop promises to be
about an average crop here nnless lt should
thresh out one-third cheat, which chance is
fair ln some flelds. Potatoes looking flne, with
some chinch bugs and the Colorado Dugs
making their appearance. Fruit, none of any
note. Oats what few were sown look flne. Corn
selling at 50 cents; about all sold and consumed.
Wheat J1.10 to $1.25 per bushel. Pastures flne.
Good stock hogs scarce and selling at K gross-
Fat hogs few and very dull at 16 to 6-0 gross.
Cattle plenty and of poor quality, none selling.
Btock sheep $1.50 to 82.25 per hesd. Grangers
generally wide awake and ln hopes we will'
not be visited with the grasshoppers,
i A.H.HA_3___>.
^___-
Sa