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City tslbr&ry. \ VoLX INDIAjNAPOUS, IOTIMA, JUNE 12th, 1875. No. 23. "LONG HORNS"—TEXAS CATTLE. IdYG Stock. Late Importations.—Messrs. Richardson and Boswell, of Fayette county, Ky., have recently imported thirty-seven cows and heifer's and two young bulls of the highest type of Short-horn blood; nine Southdown ewes ■ and two bucks, and twenty Cotswold ewes and three bucks. The pedigrees show this steck to he of the most fashionable strains. (THE OEOWTH IN VALUE OF SHOET-HOENS. St. Louis Sale.—We have before us tbe aale of Short-horn cattle from the Oakland herd, of 0. T. Quisenberry, of Mexico, Mo. The sale is to take place Thursday, June 17th inst., at St. Louis Fair Grounds. It embraces Short-horns of both good pedigree and of great intrinsic worth, and the sale will undoubtedly attract the attention of breeders generally. . m> *■ We expected this week to lay before the readers of the Indiana Farmer the excellent paper entitled "Indiana aa a •Grazing State," read before ' the State Shorthorn Association by Mr. Lockridge, but on asking for it, found that it had been mislaid and could not be found. We regret this very much, as the paper treated upon an important topic to the people of the State. David Catron, of Pendleton, Indiana, left at the Farmer office a sample of wool from a fleece of one of his Leicester and Cotswold crosses. The fleece weighed fourteen pounds, and was taken from a yearling. For length and fineness of texture the sample shown is not often, surpassed. The fibre measured over a foot in length. ; A writer in the Prairie Farmer cites a good number of cases where mares in foal have aborted. These had been fed with wheat steeped or soaked, varying in quantity from less than a gallon to a gallon. m — Mr. T. Seitz, near Carlisle, Pa., owns an ox which weighs 4,100 pounds. A gentleman from Harrisburg recently offered him $1,000 cash for this animal, with the design to take him from place to place on trucks for exhibition, until the centennial takes place in Philadelphia. r s> On the 10th inst., Mr. N. A. Darling, of Mason, Mich., sheared from one buck 28 pounds of wool, and from five two- year olds 64 pounds, being an average of 12J pounds each; and from five yearlings he sheared 58 pounds, being an average of 17J pounds each; all a single year's growth. . A Durham milch cow at Garland, Ark., with calf, cost $50. and consumed during 12 months' food valued at $73. She yielded during the year 630 gallons of milk, averaging 50 centa per gallon, and worth in the aggregate $315. Her calf, one year old, sold for $20. Total receipts, $335; cost of cow and feed, .$123, leaving a clear profit of $212. — -» Col. Kingscote, Kingscote park, Gloucestershire, Eng., held a publio sale on April 21. This is one of the old and reliable English herds, ofthe Bates' stock. There were 30 females sold, at an average of £220 2a 3Jd. Ten bulls at an average of £56 12s. Total aggregate, ► £7,169 8s. General average, £180 4s 8d. At Mr. Bowly's sale, at Skiddington. 81 ^females brought an average of £275 6s Twelve bulls averaged £106 8a. The annexed interesting particulars of the early days of the Short-Horns, and the comparison of the average prices realized year by year, are furnished by a correspondent ofthe London Field: In 1822, in a small provincial town, Otley, appeared the first volume of a register, the transfer of which, during the past year, has caused no small amount of spoken, written, printed words. The book was Coates' "Herd Book of Short-IItfrsicd Cattle," or, aa the editor adds, "of the improved Durham breed." Mr. Coates—who gives the address Carlton, near Pontefract—states in. his preface that the entries are "from the earliest account to the year 1822." Yet even so, ranging over so wide an interval, the entries of bulls (including those in a supplement, the property of Mr. Champion, of Blyth^ to which no numbers are attached) amounted only to 741. The entries of cows (also including late entries) were 1043; and to make up this number, many maiden heifers are entered by separate entries to their dams. To some of the entries is appended the phrase "did nof breed," and to not a few of the bulls the word "steered." To some few pedigrees the fate of the animal is added by way_ of a postscript: thus, "Happened a misfortune" is one of these terse sentences, "Liberty was sold to the butcher in 1814" is another. The illustrations are certainly not highly finished works of art, yet they have the recommendation of preserving distinctive characteristics. There are no engravings of bulls, but the cows are by no means all alike, nor all in one position, nor do they often look as if they had been cut with a mould out of gingerbread. The lis.t of subscribers contains 442 names, of whom about a dozen are Irish, scarcely more than half that number Scotch, whilst five-sixths of the whole are from the counties of Nottingham, Lincoln, Durham, and York. The twentieth volume of the series appeared in 1873, containing the entries of the two previous years. It was published in the metropolis of Great and Greater Britain. It contained 2551 bulls (making up the number registered siDce the commencement to above 32,000), and also the names of 3239 cows which had female produce during the same period. Those which produced males only are for ihe most part omitted. The subscribers were 776 in number, and, whilst those from the four counties above named have not very_ largely increased, almost every county in the three kingdoms is represented ; whilst addresses are given of subscribers who reside in Pomerania, Montreal, Kentucky, and half a dozen other States of North America, California, Queensland (Australia), New Zealand, New South Wales. And in the new number of Mr. Thornton's "Short-Horn Circular," just issued to subscribers, means are afforded for making other contrasts scarcely less enlightening as to the increase of the breed and its value. This circular has been in existence seven years; and, during this period, the average value per head of Short-Horns (sold by their breeders at home, by public auction) has not far from doubled. This increase has been regular, aa the following table will show: In 1868 registered prices were made by 1123 animals at an average of. £35 7 0 In 1869 registered prices were made by 1477 animals at an average of. 35 12 10 In 1870 registered prices weie made by 1853 animals at an average of 37 19 8 In 1871 registered pric* were made by 2061 animals at an average of. 65 18 2 In 1872 registered prices were made by 1922 animals at an average of. 58 9 8 In 1873 registered prices wero made by 1929 animals at an average of. 58 18 4 In 1871 registered prices were made by 2165 animals at an average of 64 18 0 One of the principal features it is stated, of the past season was the briskness with which good-looking short- fiedigreed stock were competed for by ocal buyers. By way of illustrating this, some five or six sales are included which contained a large number of lots of this character. These additions have of course lowered the average; and _ it may be stated, as one of the curiosities of short-horn statistics, that a contemporary published two lists of short-horn sales in 1874, one of those in Great Britain and Ireland, one of those in Canada and the United States. Working out the results of these twe, it appeared that the average price of these two (reckoning the dollar at 3s. 7d., present value) was closely alike, being about £70 per head for 2526 animals sold on the other, and 1750 on this side the Atlantic, American being slightly in excess of home prices. Mr. Thornton, by including the sales above mentioned, reduced his average per head some five or 6ix pounds; but, even so, the increase on the value of shorthorns is steady, and cannot but be satisfactory to breeders; whilst the large totals received (£140 511. 6s. for 2023 animals here, and £180,747. 7s. 6d. for 2526 animals there) show the importance to society generally which the pursuit assumes. Alderney Cows. Alderney is well known for the breed of cows which bears its name. These are so called probably because the first one exported were from that island, although now very few that are sold as Alderney cows are directly from there. Those ot that breed, actually exported from these islands are generally from Jersey, where the cattle are much the same as those of Alderney, small, with tapering heads, and of a delicate fawn- color. The Guernsey cow is esteemed by some even more highly than the Alderney; it is rather larger, and more of red, brindled, in color. The cows are milked three times daily, and the milk is churned without Bkimming; one pound of butter a day is by no means an uncommon yield for a good cow. The cow cabbage is made to reach a size so large that the leaves are used to wrap the butter in for market, while the stalks are varnished and armed with ferules and extensively used at St. Helier's for canes. The cows are very carefully coddled. The grass they feed on is highly enriched by the vraic, a species of see-weed gathered from the reefs at low tide. There are two vraic harvests appointed by the government, one in the spring, the other in August, although it is gathered at other times in small quantities. All hands turn out in the season with loats and carta, frequently at night, and it is a very lively, picturesque occupation, though often attended with risk of loss of life from the overloading of boats or sudden rising of the tide. The_ cows are always tethered when feeding; they eat less in this way, really giving more milk than if glutted with food, and while they are cropping the grass on one side of a field, it has time to spring up on the_ other side. When they have done eating, they are at once removed from the sun into the shade. The breed is preserved from intermixture with other breeds by strong and arbitrary laws very carefully enforced. No cattle are allowed toenter tho island except for slaughter within a certain number of days, with the exception of oxen for draught.—From "The Channel Islands," by S. G. W. Benjamin, in Harper's Magazine /or June. A. J. Alexander, of jKentucy, has recently sold, by cable dispatches, the Shorthorn heifer 16th Duchess of Airdrie, for $17,000. The heifer is red. two years old last November, by 10th Duke of Thorndale, dam llth Duchess of Airdrie. Distinguished Horses. Markes, the sire of English Eclipse, was sold for a mere trifle at the Duke oi Cumberland's sale. When his get appeared upon the turf the Earl of Aberdeen paid $5,000 for him, and he stood for $500 to serve marea before he died. The Godolphin Barb, that left many renowned decendants, was purchased out of a water cart in France. Spiletta, the mother of Eclipse, was but an indifferent race-mare. She never started out but once, and was then igno- miniously defeated. Eclipse and Proserpine are among the aristocracy of her progeny. Kysdyk's Hambletonian, the king of trotting sires, never started in a race. He carved out his owner's fortune as the sire of such trotters as Dexter, Nettie, and others of great renown. He commenced his services in the stud at $22 a marc. He is ending his career at $500 to insure a colt. Andrew Jackson was ordered to be killed when a young colt for his deformities. He was only saved from an early grave by the interposition of the wife of his hard-hearted owner. His dependants arc among such flyers as Kimble Jackson. American Girl, and Lucy. Dexterwas parted with for a mere song at his first sale, on account of his white legs and blazed face, subjecting him to the scoffs and jeers of the deluded publio. When those white legs could pass, without effort, every horse of his day, and that white nose appeared first on the homestretch, he was sold for the fabulous price of $33,000. Flora Temple is said to have sold when a colt for $13. She was at least a diminutive pony, but gradually rose in the market to $175 at five years old. She afterward sold for $8,000 on account of her superlative action, and would have exchanged for twice that sum at fourteen years old, when she made 2:19:44 at Kalamazoo, before war prices governed thc horse market.—Kansas Farmer. THB ATLAS 'WORKS.—See Notice on 4th page. Why Cattle Require Salt. Wo know why the animal craves salt, and why it ultimately falls into disease if salt is for a time withheld. Upwards of half tho saline matter of thc blood (57 per cent.) consists of common salt; and this is partly discharged every day through thc skin and kidneys, the necessity of continued supplies of it to the body becomes sufficiently obvious. The bile also contains soda as a special and indispensable constituent, ana so do all the cartilages of the bodv. Therefore, if the supply of salt be stinted, neither will the bile.be able properly to assist the digestion, nor thc cartilages be built up again as they naturally waste. And when we consider it to be a fact that without salt man would miserably peris n; as among horrible punishments entailing certain death, that of feeding culprits on saltless food is_said to have prevailed in_ barbarous times, we may become partially convinced, at least, of the necessity of feeding salt to our stock —that it is one of the necessaries as well as one of the luxuries of life for man and beast; and it should be profusely provided at short intervals, in proper places, if it can not be kept by them continually, so that each and every animal may satisfy the demands of his nature. Then it shall not bc said of us that while our pudding is well seasoned and salted, our stock are allowed to suffer for want of the Bame ingredient, which is as truly necessary for their food as for ours.—Prof. Johnson. ■ * s sa s Bran for Horses.—The Journal of the Farm says: Bran when fed to animals is laxative, and on this account should not be fed to horses in any quantity when hard work is at all required of them, because weakness is caused by this relaxation of the bowels and great injury inflicted. The theory that introduces bran into the horses' stables is aa .pernicious in its effects as the indiscriminate use of bran itself at the whim of the stableman, and the theory ia, that horses sick or well, should be fed upon bran mashes. A little bran with other and more substantial articles of food may, however, be occasionally given with advantage, but always taking care not to feed it in quantities to give rise to looseness of bowels, nor be counted to the poor horse as so much other solid food, for in doing so you not only deceive yourself, but cheat your horse. _ s s> . Working Barren Cows.—An experienced Kentucky breeder, Mr. Van- meter, writes to the Live Stock Record giving the results of his treatment of cowa that had been deemed to be hopelessly barren. This specific as a remedy for barrenness is—work. At the famous New York Mills herd sale he purchased, for an old Bong—$1000—the Duchesss of Thorndale, then deemed hopelessly barred, as she had not produced a calf for three years. His mode of management is simply to reduce the flesh without producing inflammation. Starving the animal he thinks injurious, and adopts the plan of giving severe exercise with only moderate feeding. In most cases he works the supposed barren cow under the yoke. In the case of the third Duchess of Thorndale, he had her led or ridden four miles daily, and fed on a limited quantity of hay and fodder. She is now in calf. Horse Training. Observer, in The Michigan Farmer, thus concluded an article on the trotting horse: Kindness is the leading instrument to educate and improve the horse. Force begets resistence. It compels the oppressed to fight back to protect himself from oppression, and he contracts the habits of rebellion. It destroys the mutual confidence between the horse aqd his driver that must exist to have the former respond to the call in every emergency. Patience and perseverance will accomplish wonders. It has brought many young trotters of modern promise to the highest round in the temple of fame; The skillful trainer uses reason for his guide, and steers clear of those breakers that have wrecked so many young horses. He adopts intelligent instruction to educate the trotter. He has added incalculable value to the breed, by developing the full powers of some of their choicest cions. Few persons ever heard of Hambletonian till his sons, Shark and Dexter, appeared upon the turf. The inherited trotting powers of the colt can be developed to their utmost extent by kindness united with firmness. HEWS OF THE WEEK. Wooden Floors tor Horse Stalls. —After twelve months' trial, a London cab-proprietor has come to the conclus~ ion that to stable his horses on a wooden grating is far preferable to leaving them to stand on brick or stone. He has fitted two stalls with a grating of wood, 2 inches thick by 3 inches broad, with a space of one-fourth of an inch between each two planks, the whole bolted together by three iron rods and three cross pieces. He says the horses lie high and dry, and he saved by that means in straw 20 per cent. The frame can be removed and the bottom washed down, and thus tbere is a gain in comfort and cleanliness. Castrating Lambs.—Lambs should be castrated when between twelve and twenty days old. It should not be done in frosty or rainy weather, and the lambs should not be heated by being driven. A clean incision should be made in the scrotum, first to one testicle, then to the other. The testicles should then be withdrawn, and the spermatic cord severed with a knife that ia not sharp. If too clean a cut is made, the bleeding is apt to be profuse. There is no necessity for using the teeth in this operation. An adroit operator will have very few casu- alities. The wound should be examined to see if inflamation has set in. If sup- Euration has ensued, the matter should e discharged, and the wound is soon healed. 1 s» s Siieep and Dogs.—A Missouri farmer, after a long calculation, presents the following facta concerning dogs: "In thirty-two counties 10,602 sheep have been killed by dogs. He estimates the number of dogs in these thirty-two counties to be 462,000; that a hog will thrive on the food necessary to support an able-bodied dog, and at the end of a year weigh 200 pounds ; therefore, ifthe food for these 462,000 dogs went to the hogs, it would make 92,000,000 pounds of pork, worth, at six cents per pound, $4,520,000— nearly twice the value of all the school houses in the State, and more than twice the amount used by the State for school purposes." Bunches in the Backs of Cattle.— A correspondent of The Maine Farmer says: Bunches in the backs of cattle a*e caused by the bot, or gad-fly, asstrus bovis. They may be prevented by procuring three ounces of pure carbolic acid. . which can be obtained at any apotnecary's, and diluted with one gallon of pure soft water; shake well and place in a jug, keeping it closely stopped, and apply daily with a swab to the backs and sides of the young stock. Apply after the first of July, as it is about that time that the gad-fly appears. Virginia.—The Chatham Tribune says of tobacco that altogether the prospect for a big crop in this section is cheering, extensive preparations have been going on for a large planting; plants are abundant though small, and more commercial fertilizers have been purchased this season than for many years past. Gold has reached 117. The vintage in France promises to be very large. General McDowell is to be placed on the retired list. The Mexican thieves are still raiding on the Texas borders. The specie shipments to Europe last Saturday, were $2,500,000. The mining troubles in Pennsylvania are said' te be about settled. The Central American States are exporting large amounts of coffee. Louisiana will raise 200,000 barrels of rice this season, or twice as much as last. year. Over $30,000,000 is said to be invested in manufactures in San Francisco, California. A million dollar fraud in war claims has been discovered at Jefferson City, Missouri. The Georgia State Agricultural Society has concluded to prohibit racing at their coming fair. Reports have been received from the Fiji Islandsthat 50,000 natives have died from epidemic measles. The New Albany rolling-mills are manufacturing several hundred tons of of rails for the Memphis and Charleston . road. There is said to be less drunkenness among the colored people of the South than among the white inhabitants of New York. A million dollars worth of property was destroyed by the late forest fires in Pennsylvania, and much suffering has resulted. Petroleum oils are now coming rapidly into use for dressing leather, and are claimed to be much better and cheaper than animal oils for this purpose. The Missouri Constitutional Convention now in session has provided for submitting the question of woman suffrage to a vote of the people in that State. A saloon keeper bv the name of Ross at Aurora, Indiana, killed a man by the name of Rassfield in his saloon on Saturday night. Another temperance lecture. Forty-seven thousand dollars were stolen from the Treasury Department at Washington last week in so mysterious a manner as to preclude detection thus far. The Indian delegatian has returned to the Black Hills region from Washington, declining to accept the offer ofthe government for that country till further consultation with their tribes. The Atlantic cotton mill, Lawrence, Massachusetts, employing 1,250 operatives, will soon stop work on account of the dull state of tbe market, and will remain closed till the first of September. Frederick Ritzi, Franklin eounty, aged sixteen years, was' drowned at Brookville by carelessly plunging into the canal at the mouth of an aqueduct, into which the water rushes in a whirlpool. The Quahada tribe of the wild Co- manches are expected at Fort Sill to surrender, agreeing to turn over to the military autborities all their arms, horses and mules. The horses number about four hundred head, and they have two hundred mules. The English Federal Union of Agricultural Labor has appointed a commission to come to this country and examine the Mississippi valley, with a view of settlement of emigrants there from England. The commission will leave that country for the United States in about two weeks. The Noblesville Ledger gives the following wool statistics: "A flock of Leicester sheep, belonging to Jesse Hod- son, of Washington township, numbering twenty-four, yielded, a few days ago, two hundred pounds of weol, an average, for each fleece of eight pounds and a third. John S. Kercheval brought to Evans & Loften, this week, the wool of- one Cotswold buck, weighing sixteen pounds." ^r -c_
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1875, v. 10, no. 23 (June 12) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA1023 |
Date of Original | 1875 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2010-10-23 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | City tslbr&ry. \ VoLX INDIAjNAPOUS, IOTIMA, JUNE 12th, 1875. No. 23. "LONG HORNS"—TEXAS CATTLE. IdYG Stock. Late Importations.—Messrs. Richardson and Boswell, of Fayette county, Ky., have recently imported thirty-seven cows and heifer's and two young bulls of the highest type of Short-horn blood; nine Southdown ewes ■ and two bucks, and twenty Cotswold ewes and three bucks. The pedigrees show this steck to he of the most fashionable strains. (THE OEOWTH IN VALUE OF SHOET-HOENS. St. Louis Sale.—We have before us tbe aale of Short-horn cattle from the Oakland herd, of 0. T. Quisenberry, of Mexico, Mo. The sale is to take place Thursday, June 17th inst., at St. Louis Fair Grounds. It embraces Short-horns of both good pedigree and of great intrinsic worth, and the sale will undoubtedly attract the attention of breeders generally. . m> *■ We expected this week to lay before the readers of the Indiana Farmer the excellent paper entitled "Indiana aa a •Grazing State," read before ' the State Shorthorn Association by Mr. Lockridge, but on asking for it, found that it had been mislaid and could not be found. We regret this very much, as the paper treated upon an important topic to the people of the State. David Catron, of Pendleton, Indiana, left at the Farmer office a sample of wool from a fleece of one of his Leicester and Cotswold crosses. The fleece weighed fourteen pounds, and was taken from a yearling. For length and fineness of texture the sample shown is not often, surpassed. The fibre measured over a foot in length. ; A writer in the Prairie Farmer cites a good number of cases where mares in foal have aborted. These had been fed with wheat steeped or soaked, varying in quantity from less than a gallon to a gallon. m — Mr. T. Seitz, near Carlisle, Pa., owns an ox which weighs 4,100 pounds. A gentleman from Harrisburg recently offered him $1,000 cash for this animal, with the design to take him from place to place on trucks for exhibition, until the centennial takes place in Philadelphia. r s> On the 10th inst., Mr. N. A. Darling, of Mason, Mich., sheared from one buck 28 pounds of wool, and from five two- year olds 64 pounds, being an average of 12J pounds each; and from five yearlings he sheared 58 pounds, being an average of 17J pounds each; all a single year's growth. . A Durham milch cow at Garland, Ark., with calf, cost $50. and consumed during 12 months' food valued at $73. She yielded during the year 630 gallons of milk, averaging 50 centa per gallon, and worth in the aggregate $315. Her calf, one year old, sold for $20. Total receipts, $335; cost of cow and feed, .$123, leaving a clear profit of $212. — -» Col. Kingscote, Kingscote park, Gloucestershire, Eng., held a publio sale on April 21. This is one of the old and reliable English herds, ofthe Bates' stock. There were 30 females sold, at an average of £220 2a 3Jd. Ten bulls at an average of £56 12s. Total aggregate, ► £7,169 8s. General average, £180 4s 8d. At Mr. Bowly's sale, at Skiddington. 81 ^females brought an average of £275 6s Twelve bulls averaged £106 8a. The annexed interesting particulars of the early days of the Short-Horns, and the comparison of the average prices realized year by year, are furnished by a correspondent ofthe London Field: In 1822, in a small provincial town, Otley, appeared the first volume of a register, the transfer of which, during the past year, has caused no small amount of spoken, written, printed words. The book was Coates' "Herd Book of Short-IItfrsicd Cattle," or, aa the editor adds, "of the improved Durham breed." Mr. Coates—who gives the address Carlton, near Pontefract—states in. his preface that the entries are "from the earliest account to the year 1822." Yet even so, ranging over so wide an interval, the entries of bulls (including those in a supplement, the property of Mr. Champion, of Blyth^ to which no numbers are attached) amounted only to 741. The entries of cows (also including late entries) were 1043; and to make up this number, many maiden heifers are entered by separate entries to their dams. To some of the entries is appended the phrase "did nof breed," and to not a few of the bulls the word "steered." To some few pedigrees the fate of the animal is added by way_ of a postscript: thus, "Happened a misfortune" is one of these terse sentences, "Liberty was sold to the butcher in 1814" is another. The illustrations are certainly not highly finished works of art, yet they have the recommendation of preserving distinctive characteristics. There are no engravings of bulls, but the cows are by no means all alike, nor all in one position, nor do they often look as if they had been cut with a mould out of gingerbread. The lis.t of subscribers contains 442 names, of whom about a dozen are Irish, scarcely more than half that number Scotch, whilst five-sixths of the whole are from the counties of Nottingham, Lincoln, Durham, and York. The twentieth volume of the series appeared in 1873, containing the entries of the two previous years. It was published in the metropolis of Great and Greater Britain. It contained 2551 bulls (making up the number registered siDce the commencement to above 32,000), and also the names of 3239 cows which had female produce during the same period. Those which produced males only are for ihe most part omitted. The subscribers were 776 in number, and, whilst those from the four counties above named have not very_ largely increased, almost every county in the three kingdoms is represented ; whilst addresses are given of subscribers who reside in Pomerania, Montreal, Kentucky, and half a dozen other States of North America, California, Queensland (Australia), New Zealand, New South Wales. And in the new number of Mr. Thornton's "Short-Horn Circular," just issued to subscribers, means are afforded for making other contrasts scarcely less enlightening as to the increase of the breed and its value. This circular has been in existence seven years; and, during this period, the average value per head of Short-Horns (sold by their breeders at home, by public auction) has not far from doubled. This increase has been regular, aa the following table will show: In 1868 registered prices were made by 1123 animals at an average of. £35 7 0 In 1869 registered prices were made by 1477 animals at an average of. 35 12 10 In 1870 registered prices weie made by 1853 animals at an average of 37 19 8 In 1871 registered pric* were made by 2061 animals at an average of. 65 18 2 In 1872 registered prices were made by 1922 animals at an average of. 58 9 8 In 1873 registered prices wero made by 1929 animals at an average of. 58 18 4 In 1871 registered prices were made by 2165 animals at an average of 64 18 0 One of the principal features it is stated, of the past season was the briskness with which good-looking short- fiedigreed stock were competed for by ocal buyers. By way of illustrating this, some five or six sales are included which contained a large number of lots of this character. These additions have of course lowered the average; and _ it may be stated, as one of the curiosities of short-horn statistics, that a contemporary published two lists of short-horn sales in 1874, one of those in Great Britain and Ireland, one of those in Canada and the United States. Working out the results of these twe, it appeared that the average price of these two (reckoning the dollar at 3s. 7d., present value) was closely alike, being about £70 per head for 2526 animals sold on the other, and 1750 on this side the Atlantic, American being slightly in excess of home prices. Mr. Thornton, by including the sales above mentioned, reduced his average per head some five or 6ix pounds; but, even so, the increase on the value of shorthorns is steady, and cannot but be satisfactory to breeders; whilst the large totals received (£140 511. 6s. for 2023 animals here, and £180,747. 7s. 6d. for 2526 animals there) show the importance to society generally which the pursuit assumes. Alderney Cows. Alderney is well known for the breed of cows which bears its name. These are so called probably because the first one exported were from that island, although now very few that are sold as Alderney cows are directly from there. Those ot that breed, actually exported from these islands are generally from Jersey, where the cattle are much the same as those of Alderney, small, with tapering heads, and of a delicate fawn- color. The Guernsey cow is esteemed by some even more highly than the Alderney; it is rather larger, and more of red, brindled, in color. The cows are milked three times daily, and the milk is churned without Bkimming; one pound of butter a day is by no means an uncommon yield for a good cow. The cow cabbage is made to reach a size so large that the leaves are used to wrap the butter in for market, while the stalks are varnished and armed with ferules and extensively used at St. Helier's for canes. The cows are very carefully coddled. The grass they feed on is highly enriched by the vraic, a species of see-weed gathered from the reefs at low tide. There are two vraic harvests appointed by the government, one in the spring, the other in August, although it is gathered at other times in small quantities. All hands turn out in the season with loats and carta, frequently at night, and it is a very lively, picturesque occupation, though often attended with risk of loss of life from the overloading of boats or sudden rising of the tide. The_ cows are always tethered when feeding; they eat less in this way, really giving more milk than if glutted with food, and while they are cropping the grass on one side of a field, it has time to spring up on the_ other side. When they have done eating, they are at once removed from the sun into the shade. The breed is preserved from intermixture with other breeds by strong and arbitrary laws very carefully enforced. No cattle are allowed toenter tho island except for slaughter within a certain number of days, with the exception of oxen for draught.—From "The Channel Islands," by S. G. W. Benjamin, in Harper's Magazine /or June. A. J. Alexander, of jKentucy, has recently sold, by cable dispatches, the Shorthorn heifer 16th Duchess of Airdrie, for $17,000. The heifer is red. two years old last November, by 10th Duke of Thorndale, dam llth Duchess of Airdrie. Distinguished Horses. Markes, the sire of English Eclipse, was sold for a mere trifle at the Duke oi Cumberland's sale. When his get appeared upon the turf the Earl of Aberdeen paid $5,000 for him, and he stood for $500 to serve marea before he died. The Godolphin Barb, that left many renowned decendants, was purchased out of a water cart in France. Spiletta, the mother of Eclipse, was but an indifferent race-mare. She never started out but once, and was then igno- miniously defeated. Eclipse and Proserpine are among the aristocracy of her progeny. Kysdyk's Hambletonian, the king of trotting sires, never started in a race. He carved out his owner's fortune as the sire of such trotters as Dexter, Nettie, and others of great renown. He commenced his services in the stud at $22 a marc. He is ending his career at $500 to insure a colt. Andrew Jackson was ordered to be killed when a young colt for his deformities. He was only saved from an early grave by the interposition of the wife of his hard-hearted owner. His dependants arc among such flyers as Kimble Jackson. American Girl, and Lucy. Dexterwas parted with for a mere song at his first sale, on account of his white legs and blazed face, subjecting him to the scoffs and jeers of the deluded publio. When those white legs could pass, without effort, every horse of his day, and that white nose appeared first on the homestretch, he was sold for the fabulous price of $33,000. Flora Temple is said to have sold when a colt for $13. She was at least a diminutive pony, but gradually rose in the market to $175 at five years old. She afterward sold for $8,000 on account of her superlative action, and would have exchanged for twice that sum at fourteen years old, when she made 2:19:44 at Kalamazoo, before war prices governed thc horse market.—Kansas Farmer. THB ATLAS 'WORKS.—See Notice on 4th page. Why Cattle Require Salt. Wo know why the animal craves salt, and why it ultimately falls into disease if salt is for a time withheld. Upwards of half tho saline matter of thc blood (57 per cent.) consists of common salt; and this is partly discharged every day through thc skin and kidneys, the necessity of continued supplies of it to the body becomes sufficiently obvious. The bile also contains soda as a special and indispensable constituent, ana so do all the cartilages of the bodv. Therefore, if the supply of salt be stinted, neither will the bile.be able properly to assist the digestion, nor thc cartilages be built up again as they naturally waste. And when we consider it to be a fact that without salt man would miserably peris n; as among horrible punishments entailing certain death, that of feeding culprits on saltless food is_said to have prevailed in_ barbarous times, we may become partially convinced, at least, of the necessity of feeding salt to our stock —that it is one of the necessaries as well as one of the luxuries of life for man and beast; and it should be profusely provided at short intervals, in proper places, if it can not be kept by them continually, so that each and every animal may satisfy the demands of his nature. Then it shall not bc said of us that while our pudding is well seasoned and salted, our stock are allowed to suffer for want of the Bame ingredient, which is as truly necessary for their food as for ours.—Prof. Johnson. ■ * s sa s Bran for Horses.—The Journal of the Farm says: Bran when fed to animals is laxative, and on this account should not be fed to horses in any quantity when hard work is at all required of them, because weakness is caused by this relaxation of the bowels and great injury inflicted. The theory that introduces bran into the horses' stables is aa .pernicious in its effects as the indiscriminate use of bran itself at the whim of the stableman, and the theory ia, that horses sick or well, should be fed upon bran mashes. A little bran with other and more substantial articles of food may, however, be occasionally given with advantage, but always taking care not to feed it in quantities to give rise to looseness of bowels, nor be counted to the poor horse as so much other solid food, for in doing so you not only deceive yourself, but cheat your horse. _ s s> . Working Barren Cows.—An experienced Kentucky breeder, Mr. Van- meter, writes to the Live Stock Record giving the results of his treatment of cowa that had been deemed to be hopelessly barren. This specific as a remedy for barrenness is—work. At the famous New York Mills herd sale he purchased, for an old Bong—$1000—the Duchesss of Thorndale, then deemed hopelessly barred, as she had not produced a calf for three years. His mode of management is simply to reduce the flesh without producing inflammation. Starving the animal he thinks injurious, and adopts the plan of giving severe exercise with only moderate feeding. In most cases he works the supposed barren cow under the yoke. In the case of the third Duchess of Thorndale, he had her led or ridden four miles daily, and fed on a limited quantity of hay and fodder. She is now in calf. Horse Training. Observer, in The Michigan Farmer, thus concluded an article on the trotting horse: Kindness is the leading instrument to educate and improve the horse. Force begets resistence. It compels the oppressed to fight back to protect himself from oppression, and he contracts the habits of rebellion. It destroys the mutual confidence between the horse aqd his driver that must exist to have the former respond to the call in every emergency. Patience and perseverance will accomplish wonders. It has brought many young trotters of modern promise to the highest round in the temple of fame; The skillful trainer uses reason for his guide, and steers clear of those breakers that have wrecked so many young horses. He adopts intelligent instruction to educate the trotter. He has added incalculable value to the breed, by developing the full powers of some of their choicest cions. Few persons ever heard of Hambletonian till his sons, Shark and Dexter, appeared upon the turf. The inherited trotting powers of the colt can be developed to their utmost extent by kindness united with firmness. HEWS OF THE WEEK. Wooden Floors tor Horse Stalls. —After twelve months' trial, a London cab-proprietor has come to the conclus~ ion that to stable his horses on a wooden grating is far preferable to leaving them to stand on brick or stone. He has fitted two stalls with a grating of wood, 2 inches thick by 3 inches broad, with a space of one-fourth of an inch between each two planks, the whole bolted together by three iron rods and three cross pieces. He says the horses lie high and dry, and he saved by that means in straw 20 per cent. The frame can be removed and the bottom washed down, and thus tbere is a gain in comfort and cleanliness. Castrating Lambs.—Lambs should be castrated when between twelve and twenty days old. It should not be done in frosty or rainy weather, and the lambs should not be heated by being driven. A clean incision should be made in the scrotum, first to one testicle, then to the other. The testicles should then be withdrawn, and the spermatic cord severed with a knife that ia not sharp. If too clean a cut is made, the bleeding is apt to be profuse. There is no necessity for using the teeth in this operation. An adroit operator will have very few casu- alities. The wound should be examined to see if inflamation has set in. If sup- Euration has ensued, the matter should e discharged, and the wound is soon healed. 1 s» s Siieep and Dogs.—A Missouri farmer, after a long calculation, presents the following facta concerning dogs: "In thirty-two counties 10,602 sheep have been killed by dogs. He estimates the number of dogs in these thirty-two counties to be 462,000; that a hog will thrive on the food necessary to support an able-bodied dog, and at the end of a year weigh 200 pounds ; therefore, ifthe food for these 462,000 dogs went to the hogs, it would make 92,000,000 pounds of pork, worth, at six cents per pound, $4,520,000— nearly twice the value of all the school houses in the State, and more than twice the amount used by the State for school purposes." Bunches in the Backs of Cattle.— A correspondent of The Maine Farmer says: Bunches in the backs of cattle a*e caused by the bot, or gad-fly, asstrus bovis. They may be prevented by procuring three ounces of pure carbolic acid. . which can be obtained at any apotnecary's, and diluted with one gallon of pure soft water; shake well and place in a jug, keeping it closely stopped, and apply daily with a swab to the backs and sides of the young stock. Apply after the first of July, as it is about that time that the gad-fly appears. Virginia.—The Chatham Tribune says of tobacco that altogether the prospect for a big crop in this section is cheering, extensive preparations have been going on for a large planting; plants are abundant though small, and more commercial fertilizers have been purchased this season than for many years past. Gold has reached 117. The vintage in France promises to be very large. General McDowell is to be placed on the retired list. The Mexican thieves are still raiding on the Texas borders. The specie shipments to Europe last Saturday, were $2,500,000. The mining troubles in Pennsylvania are said' te be about settled. The Central American States are exporting large amounts of coffee. Louisiana will raise 200,000 barrels of rice this season, or twice as much as last. year. Over $30,000,000 is said to be invested in manufactures in San Francisco, California. A million dollar fraud in war claims has been discovered at Jefferson City, Missouri. The Georgia State Agricultural Society has concluded to prohibit racing at their coming fair. Reports have been received from the Fiji Islandsthat 50,000 natives have died from epidemic measles. The New Albany rolling-mills are manufacturing several hundred tons of of rails for the Memphis and Charleston . road. There is said to be less drunkenness among the colored people of the South than among the white inhabitants of New York. A million dollars worth of property was destroyed by the late forest fires in Pennsylvania, and much suffering has resulted. Petroleum oils are now coming rapidly into use for dressing leather, and are claimed to be much better and cheaper than animal oils for this purpose. The Missouri Constitutional Convention now in session has provided for submitting the question of woman suffrage to a vote of the people in that State. A saloon keeper bv the name of Ross at Aurora, Indiana, killed a man by the name of Rassfield in his saloon on Saturday night. Another temperance lecture. Forty-seven thousand dollars were stolen from the Treasury Department at Washington last week in so mysterious a manner as to preclude detection thus far. The Indian delegatian has returned to the Black Hills region from Washington, declining to accept the offer ofthe government for that country till further consultation with their tribes. The Atlantic cotton mill, Lawrence, Massachusetts, employing 1,250 operatives, will soon stop work on account of the dull state of tbe market, and will remain closed till the first of September. Frederick Ritzi, Franklin eounty, aged sixteen years, was' drowned at Brookville by carelessly plunging into the canal at the mouth of an aqueduct, into which the water rushes in a whirlpool. The Quahada tribe of the wild Co- manches are expected at Fort Sill to surrender, agreeing to turn over to the military autborities all their arms, horses and mules. The horses number about four hundred head, and they have two hundred mules. The English Federal Union of Agricultural Labor has appointed a commission to come to this country and examine the Mississippi valley, with a view of settlement of emigrants there from England. The commission will leave that country for the United States in about two weeks. The Noblesville Ledger gives the following wool statistics: "A flock of Leicester sheep, belonging to Jesse Hod- son, of Washington township, numbering twenty-four, yielded, a few days ago, two hundred pounds of weol, an average, for each fleece of eight pounds and a third. John S. Kercheval brought to Evans & Loften, this week, the wool of- one Cotswold buck, weighing sixteen pounds." ^r -c_ |
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