It is not necessary to caution the average Western farmer against shutting
their cattle in barns that are top close in
the winter. It should be remembered
that cattle, however, need well ventilated
winter quarters, as well as people, for
pure air is as essential to good health
with them as it is to the man. Shut
them up in dark and badly ventilated
barns, where the air becomes vitiated,
and they are not only liable to disease,
but their feed does them mueh less
good. We do not mean to say that great
holes should be left where the piercing
winds could sweep through, for that
would chill them and require additional
feed to keep up the internal fires, but
such ventilation should be had as would
allow the bad air to pass out, and, admit
of enough oxygen to take its place.to
keep up healthy internal fires.
It is an equally foolish and expensive
method to allow the stock, and especially cows, to face the outdoor cold blasts
of winter. If people would reason and
act on this subject much as they do with
regard to themselves, they would profit
much by it'. They cannot withstand the
foul and impure air of the close rooms,
and maintain health, neither is it consistent with health to face continually
the blasts of winter. In this respect the
stock do not differ much from us.
And no odds how well your barns and
stables are ventilated, when the weather
is milder, and the sun shines, let the
stock have a good sun-bath. It is just
about as impossible for stock to do without sunshine and keep good health ns it
is for men; The barn-yard should have
plenty of rubbing poles, so that on such
occasions the cattle could havo a good
rub. These should be arranged in a
variety of ways, to suit all sizes. For
back rubbing, the poles should be higher
at one end than the other, so as to suit
the various hights. Give your cattle
pure air out of the cold blasts and snows,
freedom and sunshine in fair weather,
and a free use of their limbs for exercise
at the proper time, and the feed will be
very materially economized. The feed
we continually squander in attempts to
keep our stock in good trim, out in the
. blasts and changes of winter, would
annually buy the lumber to build them
good warm shelters. A little reflection
will give anyone to see the importance
of this matter.
On the 6th page will
tinuation of our original and continued
story. It grows in interest, and will run
through several numbers yet.
THE CENTENNIAL,
Imported Berkshire Sow "ERIE," owned by William Wright/ Eiverside Farm, Canada.
ECONOMY IN FEEDING STOCK.
Vor the Indiana Farmer.
LIVE STOCK-THE   FIRST  SNOW
*   STORM.
We have hai fine Indian summer
weather almost Without exception until
now—when w« are greeted With.one of
those severe tshow stortns common to
this latitude. It had been blowing cold
from the north, with rain, and sleet,
which have now changed to a driving
storm of snow—and as one looks out
from a warm room upon the wild wintry
scene, and thinks of many unprotected
animals, and destitute poor, he cannot
but feel—if he have a heart to feel^-for
all the suffering, whether man or animal.
The sheep of many of our farmers are
at this moment entirely without shelter,
shivering in some fence corner, or behind
an old log—tlieir coats encased in ice
that has been chilling their life-blood
during all the first eight or ten hours.
The stock hogs and pigs of many fare
but little better than the sheep—unless
it be that they have taken refuge in some
friendly hollow of log or tree.
The cattle stand shivering here and
there in some stalk field or about the
straw stack, rapidly losing animal heat
that will tell at next churning time, in
loss of butter, and next spring in bony,
shrunken frames that a summer's pasturing will scarcely restore.
If'the farmers who_ furnish no protection for their stock in stormy weather
would count the cost of such neglect, wc
think the practice would soon disappear
because the experince of every good
farmer and stock raiser, proves that it is
impossible to make it pay—much less to
keep—a good grade of animals under
such severe treatment.
Then we would mention the want of
humanity that will permit the keen suffering of animals depending upon man's
care for food and shelter—let the careless
farmer think for one moment what his
condition would be, were he to change
places with his unsheltered _ stock. 1
think it would require but a single storm
like this to convince himself of the
1 necessity of providing a warmer shelter
Jfor all his stock. U. F. G.
Columbus, ind.
The New York Times presents some
practical thoughts on this subject, which
are worth considering. It publishes the
table below, taken from Prof. .Johnson's
book, " How Crops Grow," showing the
component parts of feed. The albumen,
says the Times, or the nitrogenous matters, appear under the heading of flesh
formers, as these furnish, the blood, flesh,
and cellular tissue of the animal; thc
starch, sugar, gum, and fats appear
under the head of carbo-hydrates, or fat
formers, as these furnish the material
whence the fat is derived, and by which
the animal heat and respiration are supplied. Thc indigestable matter which is
lost in the dung of the animal appears
under the head of crude fibre, although
it is doubtful whether this is all loss, for
it is possible that some part of this
fibre, or woody matter, may be rendered
changeable into starch, and therefore
digestible under certain processes, either
of preparation or consumption. Thc
mineral matters consist of phosphates,
silicia, lime, potash, soda, magnesia, and
some others, whieh are also not all lost,
but which, in great part, go to form the
framework of skeleton of the animal.
The Water may bc counted as loss, and
of ho value as nutriment. The -table
shows the number of pounds of feeding
material in a ton, (2,000 pounds) of each
article:
Flesh  Carbo-  Cnrdc  Mineral
formers, hydrales. Hbre. matters. Water.
Oil-cake 566        826
— !,352
1360
1,016
1,218
1)10
1,000
408
820
218
780
604
764
701
070
664
sso
126
152
170
140
25S
172
306
310
420
306
118
186
216
178
730
WM
220
60
110
181
206
230
356
158
40
42
50
60
70
102
716
960 •
60)
94
800 .
960
800
SOO
689
720
756
40
110
121
250
140
160
146
130
22
28
20
22
34
20
90
16
124
112
124
SO
110
100
80
100
240
56
29
40
42
34
18
40
IS
16
16
20
20
14
6\t
Wheat 260
Corn ...200
Peas ....448
Oats 240
Beans .510
Wheat bran-....2S0
Red clover
hay (cut in
blossom) 268
Red -clover
(cut ripe) 188
Meadow hay ...161
Fodder corn.... 22
Corn-stalks
dry 60
Wheat-straw.. 40
Oat straw 50
Pea straw 130
Bean straw 201
Wheat chaff... 90
Corn cobs- 28
Cabbage 30
Vetches 62
Peas and oats.. 55
Lucern 90
Grass  meadow  60
Red clover 74
Sorghum 50
Poplar and
elm leaves...120
Potatoes 40
Sugar beets,
small 20
Tu-nips.  16
Ruta-bagas 32
Carrots... 30
Parsnips 32
Acorns,   with
shell :... 40
Chestnuts,
without
shell 60
B r e w e r s '
grains 94
Rye slump  42
Malt sprouts...4C0
Dry malt 176
Barley 190
' Thus, when a ton of oil-cake is fed,
566 pounds of it go to form flesh and 826
pounds go to form fat. As these are the
chief uses of feed, the first two coluans
give a very fair estimate of the actual
feeding value of the substances mentioned.
This table presents some interesting
considerations. For instance, oil-cake,
supposed to be chiefly valuable for its
fattening properties, is seen to be the
most valuable substance on the list for
producing flesh—and, consequently,
milk, of which the solid portion, the ca-
331
334
286
1,644
280
286
286
286
316
286
280
1.780
1,640
1,625
1,580
1,500
1,560
1,480
1,400
l,5u0
1,630
1,830
1740
1,700
1,766
20      1,120
ing.   V
6
alue
V
7
10
8
12
16
22
17
22
18
25
77
83
72
■82
50
61
76     .
85
TO
69
76
81
72   .
,   80
V3
79
■68
80
. '67
82
'70
87
98
82
40
■51
40
74
60
79
112
82
16J4
61
60
SI
57
TS
56
73
54
76
53
73
45
72
57
82
seine, is almost identical chemically with
flesh. Beans arc seen to be almost as
valuable in the same way as oil-cake,
and malt sprouts and peas approach very
nearly to them. The dairyman feeding
for milk will, then, havo his attention
drawn to these substances as suitable for
his purposes.
The Times concludes by the introduction ofthe following table, and says:
■ It is, therefore, necessary to study the
following table, in connection with the
preceding one. This gives the actual
relative nutritive value of the feeds mentioned; as determined by practice and
analysis of both. Tlie list commences with
turnips, which are considered as furnishing the least nutriment of any fodder of
a given weight. If a certain weight of
turnips, therefore, will produce seven
pounds of flesh and fat, the game weight
of wheat should produce eighty-thfec'
pounds; or to produce the sar e effect as
a certain weight of wheat, twelve times
as groat a weight of turnips should bc
fed. The following is the table in which
are given the comparative values of the
several substances;
Flesh       Fat
•   : Produc- Protlnc-^Total
Turhipg.,,,;  i
Rutabaga  l
Carrots .;.....  1
Mangels and Kohl llabl 2
Straw ; „_.. 3
Potatoes ..* 8
Brewers' grains , 6'
Rice Meal 6>
Locust Beans 7
Hay (early cut).:  8
Millet (seed) 8
Buckwheat 9
Malt.. ;._  9
Rye 11.
Oats.......... : 12
Corn 12
Wheat and Barley 12
Dried Brewer's Grains.. 16
Palm-nut Meal.... 16
Earth -nut Cake 20
Beans (English field) 22
Peas 22
Linseed .23
Cotton-seed Cake 24
Malt Sprouts 26
Tares (seed)....,..... : .27)4
Linseed Cake 28
Bran and coarse Millstufl".....31
Rape Cake „.... 31
Decorticated Earth-nut
Cake 39
Decorticated Cotton-seed
Cake 41
The intelligent farmer and student
will find in these figures much opportunity for study, and ample scope for experiment ; while those who aim to feed
for certain effects, as for milk, meat, or
fat, may doubtless find much assistance
therefrom. It is to bc hoped also that
they may attract attention to some
articles of food which are either wasted
or greatly neglected with us.
The New Albany Ledger-Standard
thinks that both the State and general
government, ought now to take hold of
the Centennial and made it a success.
It says now that wc have invited the
other nations to participate in our Centennial Exposition, it would be a public
scandal to permit it to fail. Private enterprise, if properly systematised in all
the States, will make the occasion a great
and successful one. Philadelphia has
already signified her intention to take
the lead in this great work.
' — s    s»    . -
WHAT THEY SAY OF TJS.
We thank our brethren of the press
for the complimentary mention they are
pleased to make of the enlarged Farmer:
The Indiana Farmer, which has
long been one of the  best  agricultural
Eapers which come to our table, has
een enlarged, improved,_ and its sphere
of usefulness materially increased. We
are pleased to note this prosperity ofthe
Farmer.—Mishawaka Enterprise.
The Indiana Farmer, published at
Indianapolis, comes to us enlarged. Wc
are glad to see this evidence of prosperity in our cotemporary, for it is doing
great good in advancing the best interests of farmers and other laboring classes.—Brazil Echo.
The Indiana Farmer came to us,
last week, considerably enlarged and
handsomer than ever. This is the third
enlargement within a year, and makes
the Farmer one of tho most desirable
papers of its class wc have ever seen.
Every farmer in the State should have
this most excellent advocate, friend and
helper as a regular weekly visitor.—Logansport Journal.
The last number ofthe Indiana Farmer comes to us greatly enlarged and
improved. It is now equal to any agricultural paper published in thc West,
and the farmers of Indiana should feel a
State pride in sustaining a paper devoted
to their interests.—New Harmony Reg.
ister.
Tlie Indiana Farmer comes to us
much enlarged in form and its columns
It not be proper to have the same corrected before it is '" laid by."
• I will take the same basis for comparative values and results:
Corn at 15 cents and 5 mills per bushel
will make pork cost 1.52 per pound, instead of 1 cent and 5 mills.
Corn at 17 cents per bushel will make
pork cost 1.62 per pound, instead of 2c.
Corn at 25 cents per bushel will make
pork cost 2.38 per pound, instead of 3c.
Corn at 33 cents per bushel will make
pork cost 3.1-1 per pound, instead of 4c.
- Corn at 50 cents per bushel will make
pork cast 4.76 per pound, instead of 5c.
And to reverse the tables on the same
basis I find that pork at 15 cents per
pound makes corn worth 15.75 per bushel
instead of 15.5.
Pork at 2 cents per pound makes corn
worth 21 cents per bushel instead of 17.
Pork at 3 cents per pound makes corn
worth-31.6 per bushel instead of 25.
Pork at 4 cents per pound makes corn
worth 42 gents per bushel instead of 33,
Pork at 5 cents per pound makes corn
worth 52.5 per bushel instead of 50.
The basis taken was evidently from
experiments made under favorable cir-   „_..    	
ciimstanccs; Weather good, hogs all right, | contain a larger amount of valuable ag
ricultural information than ever before.
etc. With au average lot of hogs in an
average season will we realize over 10
per cent, of porkxto the bushel of corn
fed from the time pigs are dropped until
they are fed out. which, if true, would
make the following table about correct
" to be laid by for convenient reference":
Two cent pork realizes 20 cents per
bushel for corn fed.
Three cent pork realizes 30 cents per
bushel for corn fed.
Four cent pork realizes 40 cents per
bushel for corn fed.
Five cent pork realizes 50 cents per
bushel for corn fed.
And if the farmer should get 7 cents
per pound for his pork this winter, he
will get 70 cents per bushel forhis corn,
instead of 30 cents as he got for corn last
fall that at the time was selling for from
40 to 45 cents per bushel at a home
market.
Mules and horses dull, and lower;
hogs steadily advancing; wheat low and
improving slowly; corn "coming right
up," and yet "gold is the standard of
values." Henry Comstock.
Liberty Mills, Ind., Nov. 23,1874.
The publishers are determined to make
the Farmer tbe best agricultural paper
in the State. The most of our farmers
take some paper devoted to farming and
the great question with them is, which
is the best. This paper confining its articles to thc farming interests of State
j certainly makes it particularly valuable
to our farmers. Price $2 00 per annum.
—South Bend Register.
Thc Indiana Farmer, one ofthe best
farm journals published, has just reached lis greatly enlarged and improved.
It is now one of the largest as well as
the best agricultural papers ofthe country, wholly devoted to the West and
Western interests, and we are glad to
hear that it is prospering finely. We
should like to'see a large club raised in
LaPorte. Farmers of LaPorte county
should have enough State pride to take
a farm paper published in their own
State, if it is just as good, if not better,
and at as low price.—LaPorte Herald.
LOCKHART'S LAND ROLLER.
Congress will meet next Monday.
A flax field of 150 acres is^ the latest
agricultural enterprise in Kansas.
Among 178,356 soldiers of the English army there are 10,724 who can not
read nor write.
The lowest figures give three hundred
and twenty colleges and universities in
the United States, or nino in each State.
i
The building trade of San Francisco is
active this year. Nearly as many buildings are now being erected in that city as
in New York.
The Secretary of the Treasury has
directed the Assistant Treasurer at New
York to sell $500,000 of gold each Thursday during December.
The railroads have volunteered to
transport all donations contributed
through the State relief and aid society
of Nebraska free of charge.
Germany has adopted a law by which
the holder ofa railroad ticket may stop
at any point _ on his journey for any
period, the ticket remaining good till
used.
Thc Illinois state taxes for 1874
amount to 24 cents on each $100 valuation of taxable property. This rate will
raise $1,500,000 for revenue purposes and
$1,000,000 for school purposes.
Sixty people were killed by the late
terrible storm which swept over Tus-
cumbia, Alabama, and it is estimated
that half a million dollars worth of property was distroyed.
To thc list of 10 asteroids discovered
by Dr. Peters, one has been added since
the last catalogue has issued, the discovery of Hertna, February 18, 1874,
making a score of planets this indefatigable astronomer has named.
That branch of the Christian  Chur:*'i»
known   as   the United   Brethren   j*'"'v/
just arrived at   their   hundredth   y^
One of their pastors has just  wittciv a
book which gives a fine review of their
origin, progress and aims as a denomination.
Among the population of ""London,
which amounts to about 4,000,000 at
present, there arc more Jews than in
Palestine; more Scotchmen than in
Edinburgh ; more Irish than at Dublin,
and moreCatholics than at Home.
The Church Extension Sooiety of the
M. E. Church has been established
nine years, and has aided 1,385 churches
by donations or by loans. The total
number of Methodist churches in the
country is 15,000, of which 5,000 have
been built during the above named
period,
\
-y.
LAY  THIS   BY FOR REFERENCE.
36
222
J24
24
136
32
10
894
350
.136
1,526
169
64
1,332
140
62
944
1£32
1,980
160
81
286
Editor Indiana Farmer:
There are some things I can't quite
understand in the statement under
"Corn and Hogs," in the Farmer of
November 21st, quoted from the "Journal of Agriculture." That paper takes
10.5 per cent, pork gross for one bushel
of corn fed as ,a basis and certainly
makes a very erroneous-summing. It
says:
Corn at 15 cents and 5 mills per bushel
makes pork cost 1 cent and 5 mills per
pound.
Corn at 17 cents per bushel makes pork
cost 2 cents per pound.
Corn at 25 cents per bushel makes pork
cost 3 cents per pound.
Corn at 33 cents per bushel makes pork
cost 4 cents per pound.
Corn at 50 cents per bushel makes
pork cost 5 cents per pound.
And in reversing the rule, it says a
cent pork bring 45 cents per bushel for
corn fed.
As the statement is requested to " be
laid by for convenient reference," would
The National Short Horn Convention
is in session at Springfield, 111., this
week.
 . .— s    ♦    > '■	
A cattle disease at Simsbury, Conn.,
from which nineteen cows have died
within a few days, is found upon examination to be pleuro-pneumonia. The
disease originated last winter among
some cattle brought, from this State and
fed on distillery refuse.
.During the year ending September 1,
3,493 pounds of butter   were   sold from
15 cows kept on the farm of Milton Darlington,   East   Marlborough,    Chester
county, Penn., and 327 pounds consumed
by the family,  making an   average   for
each cow of 250  pounds.   The  highest
price obtained was 60 cents and the lowest 35, the average being  48  4-5.   The
butter was sold at wholesale   in   Philadelphia, and realized  the owner for the
year the sum of $1,670 93.   During   the
feeding season he gives his cows, which
are  of the   ordinary  breed,   dry feed,
deeming that the best.—New York Iribune.
Thc subject of rolling land is attracting more attention every year, in consequence of whieh farmers are discussing
the merits of the different machines that
are made for that purpose.
■ Our attention lias just been directed
to a field roller, called the Loekhart
Oscillating Land Roller, made at Waterloo, Ind., by Loekhart, Bros. & Co.,
which, in our opinion, is the best machine
for that purpose we have ever seen. We
cannot see how it could be improved so
as to make it better.
Read the following extract from the
report made by the committee appointed
by the State Grange last week, for the
purpose of examining farm machinery
that is offered to the Patrons of Husbandry direct, by the manufacturers :
" Your committee, after examining the
Loekhart Land Roller, are free to say
that they believe it is the best roller
they have ever seen, and do most heartily
recommend it."
This roller is made of the very best
material, is of light draft, and constructed
as to be used as either a light or heavy
roller.   One of these rollers has been
A bill i? now before tho Vermont
legislature which provides for the appropriation of a sum not exceeding $1,500
annually for thc purpose of paying the
tuition of poor and deserving young
men and women, residents of the State,
in the University of Vermont and State
Agricultural College.
Rev. Mr. Green, of the Japanese
mission of the American Board, writes
to the Missionary Herald that the gospels of .Matthew, Mark and John nave
been translated and published in Japanese, and Luke will soon bc ready, and
Genesis, and the Epistles to the Romans.
Ephcsians and Hebrews have been translated.
The committee appointed by the New
York Chamber of Commerce to consider
thc subject of a revision of the wool
tariff recommeds the abolition of all
classifications for the purpose of levying
duties, and the establishment of a uniform duty of twenty-live per cent, ad
valorem as being calculated to yield
sufficient revenue to the government and
relieve the wool trade of the innumerable vexations, and impediments of the
present law.
WHITNEY SEWING MACHINE.
Southport, Ind., Nov. 28, 1874.
Mr. C. G. Akam—Dear Sir: The
Whitney Sewing Machine, purchased of
you, gives good satisfaction, and I would
recommend the Whitney to all who wish
a reliable sewing machine.
Melissa Smith.
Indianapolis, Nov. 28.1874,
Mr. C. G-. Akam, Indianapolis, Ind.
—Dear Sir: While attending our State
Grange, I examined sewing machines,
and I would recommend my sifters to
buy the Improved Whitney, in preferen'.'<j
to any other, believing it will give tbe
best satisfaction.
U. Jane Clark,
Flora, Posey Grange llftfj.'
placed in the rooms of the State Purchasing Agent in this city, and we would
" " ' | advise every farmer who has business in
A terrific storm passed over Tuscum-1 the city, to call and • see the machine
Y%
bia, Ala., on Sunday night,
one-third ofthe houses of that
killing twelve persons, and wounding
many others. Severe storms also occurred at Nashville, Cincinnati. Trenton, N. J., and Philadelphia. The wind
blew from the Southwest.
Greenfield, Ind., Nov. 28, 1874.
C. G. Akam, Esq., Indianapolis, Jn,j
—Dear Sir:    After using several  kind*
of sewing machines—among them   i},.-
destroying | They have been placed in the hands of j Singer,  Howe, and Grover fie  linker   I
town, | the State Agent, to be sold to Grangers | me the Improved Whitney thi- VT*ii-r
throu»hout the State, and we unhesita- J eucc, and can recommend it to nir-rubn - % :
tingly say to every farmer who reads this | of our Order as a machine in »'y<jry way %i
' '   u.'-   , „  ' ',,   „      :  patron/*'    /fl
Signed,        "" ■   '    "
4B-lt. J'omona Htatt; Ur.r..,,,     ^tfjf$>
t
article, that if he buys this roller, with- j worthy their confident and
out first seeing it, he cannot fail to be i    Signed,        Mrs. (,'. C>>M^T'i»-h-
pleased with it. 48-11    \ 48-lt. Pomona Btat<; Gran,"-
tfW'
#%=-'■