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Yol. IX. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, AUGUST 8, 1874. No. 31. Live Stock* . Points in the Ayrshire Cow. [Purity of blood, as traced back to Importations of both dam and sire, or to the American Ayrshire Herd Book.] ; . Head. As in the other breeds, small, the face long and narrow; the muzzle and nose variable in color. Eye, Placid, and not strikingly large.* Ear. Of full size, and of an orange color .within. , . . ■•':!'.: . Hornsi Small, tapering, with an outward and upward turn, and set on wide apart; the face somewhat dishing. - .; , Neck. Of medium length, clean in the throat, very light throughout, and tapering to the head. Shoulders. Lying snugly on the body, thin at their tops, small at their points, not long in the blade," nor loaded with muscle. Chest. Must retain sufficient width and roundness to insure constitution. The lightness of the fore-quarter, and the "wedge shape" of theN animal, from the hind quarter forward, arising more from a small, flat, and thin shoulder than from any undue narrowness of the chest. Crops. Easily blend in with so thin a shoulder, and prevent all hollowness behind. . ■'• . " ' i * ' Brisket—Not overloading the fore end, but light. \BacA;:-rShould be straight, and the loins wide the hips rather high and well spread. ■Pelvis—Roomy, causing a good breadth at what is termed the "thurl or "round bone," between the points of the rumps. Quarters—Long_, tolerably muscular, ana full in their upper portion,'- but moulding into the thighs below., which should have a degree of flatness, affording thus more space for a full udder. The flank well let down, but not heavy. Ribs—Behind springing out very round and full, affording space for a large udder, which by Ayrshire breeders is considered very essential to secure the milking property; the whole carcase thus acquiring increased volume towards its posterior portion. Rumps—Nearly level with the back, projecting but little. Tail—Thin in its cord, of full length, light in its hair, and set somewhat further into the back than would beadmissable in some other breeds. Legs—Delicateand fine in the bone, inclining to be short, and well knit together at the joints. Udder—In this breed is of more especial importance, as the Ayrshires have been bred almost exclusively with reference to their milking properties. The great feature ofthe udder should be capacity, without being fleshy. It should be carried squarely and broadly forward, and show itself largely behind. As it rises upward,, it should not mingle too immediately with the muscle of the thighs, but continue to preserve its own peculiar texture of skin—thin, delicate, and ample in its folds. The teats should stand wide apart, and be lengthy, but not large and coarse. Hair—Soft and thick, in the phraseology ofthe country "woolly." Color—varies; a dark red, a rich brown, a liver color, or mahogany, running into almost a black; those very much broken and spotty at the edges on a white ground are the favorite colors at the present time. The light yellow is, however, a color sometimes found on very good cows; but those pale colors are objected to from an impression that such belong to animals of less constitution. Carriage—Should be light, active, and even gay; this latter appearance is much promoted by the upward turn ofthe horn. Quality on Handling—Will show t the skin to be of medium thickness only, moving freely under the hand, and evincing a readiness in the animal to take ■ on flesh when a drain on the constitution is no longer made by the milk pail. Points of the Ayrshire Bull., - • The points desirable in the female are fenerafly so in the male, but must of course e attended with that masculine character which is inseparable from a strong and vigorous constitution. Even a certain degree of coarseness is admissable; but then it mustbe so exclusively ef a masculine description's never to be discovered in a female of his get. In contradistinction to the cows, the head of the bull may be shorter, the frontal bone broader, and the occipital flat and stronger, that it # may receive and sustain the horn; this latter may be excused if a little heavy at the base, so its upward form, its quality and color, be right.. Neither is the 'looseness of the skin attached to and depending from the under jaw to be deemed other than a feature of the sex, provided it is not ex- , tended beyond the bone, but leaves the j gullet and the throat clean and free from j dewlap. The upper portion of the neck should be full and muscular; for it is an indication of strength, power, and constitution. The spine should be strong, the bones of the loin long and abroad, and the whole muscular system wide, and thoroughly developed over the entire frame. A PLEA FOR COWS. Reader, are you fond of milk? Do you like butter, or beef? Then have compassion On the kind, generous cow! Most farmers feed their horses something better than straw or badly cured hay in winter, f though their work during that season is light. Horses, are usually kept in comfortable stables, with clean dry bedding, renewed every night. They are also curried and brushed every morning, and fed good hay, oats, chop, etc., until they are "fat as fools," as if they were being prepared for the butcher, instead of being kept for labor. This is curious philosophy. A fat man is not in a condition to endure hard work, nor is he as comfortable or as healthy, as a person in moderate flesh. It will usually be found that those who thus overfeed their horses, are the very men who starve their cattle. In summer they are turned into the wood lot, the fallow field or the.highway; while the horses of view, to feed well; feed as much as possible in-doors, and we shall have more manure; and the manure, where the cattle are well fed, will be of better quality. Our land needs the manure as much as our cattle need the nutritious food; and thus it is, as the English say, the more we feed the more we can produce. We should never feed in the highway. If. we cannot feed in-doors, we should certainly feed on our own land, and aim to select the'place where it will do the most good.—Cor. Actional Live Stock Journal. :•*■• FAT SHEEP FOR HEAVY FLEECE. There is,much said about ewes being too fat to breed well, dn my experience of twenty years. I havo never seen anything that led me to think so, providing this_flesh is put on with good pasture in summer, and a few roots, with good-hay, in Winter. The fatter sheep become under those circumstances, the more valuable I should consider them. There is a time of the year when it pays better to feed a small allowance of grain daily than in the fall, after the feed gets frozen, and it is not necessary to bring the flock to the barn. It is an old saying, ."a sheep well No- vembered is half wintered." Keep the ewes fat, and the lambs will be fat, and the fleeces heavy. I do not say whether it is than they can assimilate. They are accustomed to forage for themselves. They have plenty of exercise and comparatively little food. Now then, if you take such a breed of hogs, and endeavor to push them rapidly forward with rich food, it is easy to see how their blood could be poisoned by the excess of material which tho animal is not able to convert into flesh and fat. My remedy wonld be to raise a better class of pigs. I would raise such pigs as would stand high feeding until they were fat enough for market, and then I would dispose of them without delay. If you take pigs that are not accustomed to mature before they are three or four years old, and endeavor to so feed and force them that they shall be ready for market at twelve months old or less, what can you expect but hog cholera? On the other hand, a breed that is accustomed, and has been for generations, to mature early can can be pushed forward rapidly without injury. I should expect the best success from pigs raised from a large, healthy, common sow, sired by a highly refined thoroughbred boar, of a breed distinguished for its gentleness, fineness of bone, little offal, early maturity, and fattening qualities. The mother would furnish _ the digestive powers and the sire the assimilating powers. These qualities, combined with early maturity, fineness of bone, and high qualities of meat, would give you precisely what a good feeder wants. with one, should cultivate acquaintance ; let him knowthat you are his friend, and prove it to him by your kind treatment. He needs this to inspire confidence, and when this is gained, he is your humble servant. If your, horse gets feightened at any unusual sight or noise, do not whip him, for if you do, he will connect the whipping with the object that alarmed him, and make him afraid of it ever after. If he merely shies at the object, give him timo to examine it, which, with some encouraging words from the driver, will persuade him to pass it. You set frightened, too, sometimes, and would not like to be whipped for it.—American Stock Journal. State Agricultural College. IMPORTED AYRSHIRE COW, "LADY KILBERNIE,"? Owned by Sturtevant Eros., Waushakmn Farm, South Farmington, Massacnusells. are always "in clover." In winter, the milch cow runs in the road by day, and at night lies or stands shivering in the wet or muddy barnyard, or is treated to the luxury of a snow bank for a bed. She eats straw and corn fodder, with an occasional frozen pumpkin. And yet she is expected to yield daily gallons of that most indispensable article of food, milk. Is it strange that she grows poor, or that her calf is unthrifty? If we have no compassion for the cattle, and disregard the divine command to treat them with kindness, considerations of pecuniary interest ought to correct this cruel and inhuman practice. A cow that is poorly fed cannot give much milk,'nor milk of a good quality, for the plain reason that, it is among the most nutritious of all the substances we consume, and cannot therefore*be manufactured from food that does not contain nutritious elements. Some farmers instruct their wives that " corn must not be fed to the cows because it dries them up." But the women—God bless them!—have compassion upon the kind and docile animal upon whose system such severe drafts are Deing constantly made, and therefore insist upon furnishing food that will repair this waste. High feeding of cows in milk pays as well asgenerous feeding for steers. Let us see. Milk sells readily in the country villages for four cents a quart, while in the cities it brings a higher price. Suppose the cow to give three gallons a day, we have 48 cents, or something over $14 per month, as the value of her product. What other animal will make such generous returns for food, care, and generous feeding. If we consider the profits resulting from raising the calves for steers, we shall have reasons equally conclusive in favor of generous keep. Whether markets be good or bad, the well kept steer, in good form and of good quality, always sells at a profit to the Breeder. But we cannot have good form, good condition, and good quality where the calf was not properly started. A runted calf becomes "paunchy" and unthrifty, a form which subsequent good keep will seldom correct. The true principle therefore is, if we regard the matter only in a pecuniary point best to have the lambs come early or late, but I do say it is best to have them fat; then, whether early or late, they are salable. All ewes that, with good care,' will not raise a lamb and shear four pounds washed wool, should be sold._ I have them in my* flock that will shear nine pounds, and raise a pair of twins, and it costs no more to keep one than a sheep that shears only three pounds. I think no one will hear the man that keeps his flock in this way, complaining because his sheep are "run out" and do not pay, and the like. Ticks must be kept out of the flock; they are the worst enemy of the sheep. If they are not killed they will destroy the sheep. For killing them I have never tried anything better than strong tobacco juice. Give the lambs a dip before they are turned to grass, and again a few days after shearing, as the ticks leave the old sheep then and go on to the lambs. This will kill most of them. If any remain until winter, take some tobacco juice, made warm, and pour it along the back, and let it soak in tne wool, and most of the ticks will be destroyed. If these directions are followed, no one need apprehend any serious difficulty with ticks; but at best there will always be some;—Cors Country Gentleman. ■ *...'•■' • IMPROVED AND UNIMPROVED PIGS. HOW TO DRIVE A HORSE. Mr. J. Harris, one ofthe best authorities, thus discourses upon this important subject: What do we mean by an improved breed of pigs? Usually we mean a breed that has fine bone and little offal. A breed that is very quiet and will turn the food it eats into flesh and fat. It is a breed that will eat and digest a stomach full of rich: food and assimilate it. As a rule the weak spot in all high-bred pigs is that their digestive powers are not as good as their assimilating powers. They can assimilate more food than they can digest. On the other hand, our common, coarse, unimproved hogs can usually eat and digest more food Young man, I see you are about to take a drive this morning, and will offer you some advice. Your horse is restive and wants to be off before you are ready; you may as well break him of this now as at any other time, and hereafter you will find it has been a half-hour well spent. Just give me the reins while you put your foot on the step as if to get in ; the horse makes a move to go ; I tighten the reins and say " Whoa." Now put your foot on the step again; the horse makes another move ; I hold the reins and speak to him again. The horse is getting excited. Pat him a little on the neck and talk to him soothingly. Put your foot on the step again, and repeat this process until the horse will stand still for you to get in and adjust yourself in your seat and tell him to go. A few such lessons will train him so that he will always wait for your order before starting. Now, as your horse has just been fed, drive him at a gentle pace for the first two or three miles, until he warms up and his body becomes lighter. But before you start let me show you how to hold the reins. Take them in your left hand, have them pf equal length from the bit, and to cross each other in your hand, the offside one resting on your first finger, the back of the hand upward. Now, in guiding the horse you nave only to nse the wrist joint, which will direct him either right or left, as you wish. Keep your arm steady, with a gentle pressure on the bit, no jerking or switching of the reins. If more speed'is wanted, take the whip in your right hand to be gently used for that purpose; be careful not to apply it any der than is necessary to bring him up At the meeting of the Board of Trustees held last week, the committee on Organization made the following appointments: That Prof. Hougham be assigned to the chair of physics and industrial mechanics. That Prof. Morgan be assigned to the chair of mathematics and engineering. ThatProf. John Hussy be assigned to the chair of botany and horticulture. That Prof. Harvey W. Wiley, of Irving- ton, Indiana, be tendered the appointment Of professor of chemistry. That Eli F. Brown, of Richmond, Indiana, be tendered the appointment of professor of English literature and drawing. That the departments not above assigned be for the present distributed among said five professors as the same may be arranged and agreed upon by them and the president. The board ordered the erection of two barns; one to cost $5,000, the other $700. It was also ordered that lamp posts be erected at suitable points on the university grounds. A great deal of business was transacted preparatory to the opening of the university, September 17. The Hon. M. S. Pierce gave another $1,000, to be used for the establishment of a botanical garden. Mr. Pierce had already given over $2,000 for this purpose. The scho'ol and departments ot the university have been arranged as follows: I. School of Natural Science.—1. Physics and Industrial Mechanics. 2. Chemistry. 3. Natural History. II. School of Engineering.—1. Civil Engineering. 2. Mining Engineering. 3. Architecture. III. School of Agriculture.—1. Agriculture—Theoretical and Practical. 2. Horticulture. 3. Veterinary Science. IV. School of Military Science. A thorough course of mathematical instruction will be given in the above schools. The German and English languages; also, free hand and mechanical drawing will be prominent studies in the schools of natural science, engineering and military science. It is the intention ofthe board to make the instruction thoroughly practical. To accomplish this, extensive and well-selected engineering, chemical and philosophical apparatus has been provided; and the geological and mineralogical cabinets formerly belonging to Dr. Richard Owen have been purchased and placed in the institution. An appropriation has been made to purchase books for a reference library. The institution, as is known, is located on a farm of one hundred and eighty acres, one mile west of Lafayette. The buildings now completed are a laboratory, boarding-house, dormitory, work-shop, engine-house, and a military hall and gymnasium. The first three of these are heated with steam, and lighted by gas manufactured on the premises. Candidates for admission must be of good moral character and at least sixteen years of age, and be able to pass a satisfactory examination in Orthography, English Grammar, Geography, Arithmetic, History of the United States, and Algebra to Quadratic Equations. A preparatory school will, however, be organized, to which students may be admitted, provided their proficiency is such as to enable them to pass the entrance examination to a regular course within one to the required speed. Speak to him sooth irigly, and intimate inthe most gentle manner what you want him to do, and he will try to do it. So noble an animal should not be handled roughly nor over-driven. When you return, have the harness removed at once, and the horse rubbed down with a wisp of straw or hay. Give him a bite of grass or hay, and let him cool ofi before he is wattercd or fed. Every one who handles a horse or has anything to do "\ -'Or year. The University will be open for the reception of students September 16, 1874. Examination for admission and classification of students will take place Thursday and Friday, September 10 and 17. First term will close December 16,1874. Second term will begin January 5, 1875. Second term will close March 26, 1875. Third term will begin" March 29, 1875. Third term will end June 18, 1875. The expenses to be incurred by students will be as follows: Tuition of residents of this State Free Tuition of residents of other States per year..*** 00 Matriculation fee for full course 10 00 Koom rent, fuel and light, per term 5 00 Janitor and fee for incidentals 5 00 Board, per week 3 ■*>l Washing, per dozen **■"> Any additional information that maybe desired can be obtained by addressing the President, A. C. Shortridge. •^m A m •r
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1874, v. 09, no. 31 (Aug. 8) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA0931 |
Date of Original | 1874 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2010-09-30 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | Yol. IX. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, AUGUST 8, 1874. No. 31. Live Stock* . Points in the Ayrshire Cow. [Purity of blood, as traced back to Importations of both dam and sire, or to the American Ayrshire Herd Book.] ; . Head. As in the other breeds, small, the face long and narrow; the muzzle and nose variable in color. Eye, Placid, and not strikingly large.* Ear. Of full size, and of an orange color .within. , . . ■•':!'.: . Hornsi Small, tapering, with an outward and upward turn, and set on wide apart; the face somewhat dishing. - .; , Neck. Of medium length, clean in the throat, very light throughout, and tapering to the head. Shoulders. Lying snugly on the body, thin at their tops, small at their points, not long in the blade," nor loaded with muscle. Chest. Must retain sufficient width and roundness to insure constitution. The lightness of the fore-quarter, and the "wedge shape" of theN animal, from the hind quarter forward, arising more from a small, flat, and thin shoulder than from any undue narrowness of the chest. Crops. Easily blend in with so thin a shoulder, and prevent all hollowness behind. . ■'• . " ' i * ' Brisket—Not overloading the fore end, but light. \BacA;:-rShould be straight, and the loins wide the hips rather high and well spread. ■Pelvis—Roomy, causing a good breadth at what is termed the "thurl or "round bone," between the points of the rumps. Quarters—Long_, tolerably muscular, ana full in their upper portion,'- but moulding into the thighs below., which should have a degree of flatness, affording thus more space for a full udder. The flank well let down, but not heavy. Ribs—Behind springing out very round and full, affording space for a large udder, which by Ayrshire breeders is considered very essential to secure the milking property; the whole carcase thus acquiring increased volume towards its posterior portion. Rumps—Nearly level with the back, projecting but little. Tail—Thin in its cord, of full length, light in its hair, and set somewhat further into the back than would beadmissable in some other breeds. Legs—Delicateand fine in the bone, inclining to be short, and well knit together at the joints. Udder—In this breed is of more especial importance, as the Ayrshires have been bred almost exclusively with reference to their milking properties. The great feature ofthe udder should be capacity, without being fleshy. It should be carried squarely and broadly forward, and show itself largely behind. As it rises upward,, it should not mingle too immediately with the muscle of the thighs, but continue to preserve its own peculiar texture of skin—thin, delicate, and ample in its folds. The teats should stand wide apart, and be lengthy, but not large and coarse. Hair—Soft and thick, in the phraseology ofthe country "woolly." Color—varies; a dark red, a rich brown, a liver color, or mahogany, running into almost a black; those very much broken and spotty at the edges on a white ground are the favorite colors at the present time. The light yellow is, however, a color sometimes found on very good cows; but those pale colors are objected to from an impression that such belong to animals of less constitution. Carriage—Should be light, active, and even gay; this latter appearance is much promoted by the upward turn ofthe horn. Quality on Handling—Will show t the skin to be of medium thickness only, moving freely under the hand, and evincing a readiness in the animal to take ■ on flesh when a drain on the constitution is no longer made by the milk pail. Points of the Ayrshire Bull., - • The points desirable in the female are fenerafly so in the male, but must of course e attended with that masculine character which is inseparable from a strong and vigorous constitution. Even a certain degree of coarseness is admissable; but then it mustbe so exclusively ef a masculine description's never to be discovered in a female of his get. In contradistinction to the cows, the head of the bull may be shorter, the frontal bone broader, and the occipital flat and stronger, that it # may receive and sustain the horn; this latter may be excused if a little heavy at the base, so its upward form, its quality and color, be right.. Neither is the 'looseness of the skin attached to and depending from the under jaw to be deemed other than a feature of the sex, provided it is not ex- , tended beyond the bone, but leaves the j gullet and the throat clean and free from j dewlap. The upper portion of the neck should be full and muscular; for it is an indication of strength, power, and constitution. The spine should be strong, the bones of the loin long and abroad, and the whole muscular system wide, and thoroughly developed over the entire frame. A PLEA FOR COWS. Reader, are you fond of milk? Do you like butter, or beef? Then have compassion On the kind, generous cow! Most farmers feed their horses something better than straw or badly cured hay in winter, f though their work during that season is light. Horses, are usually kept in comfortable stables, with clean dry bedding, renewed every night. They are also curried and brushed every morning, and fed good hay, oats, chop, etc., until they are "fat as fools," as if they were being prepared for the butcher, instead of being kept for labor. This is curious philosophy. A fat man is not in a condition to endure hard work, nor is he as comfortable or as healthy, as a person in moderate flesh. It will usually be found that those who thus overfeed their horses, are the very men who starve their cattle. In summer they are turned into the wood lot, the fallow field or the.highway; while the horses of view, to feed well; feed as much as possible in-doors, and we shall have more manure; and the manure, where the cattle are well fed, will be of better quality. Our land needs the manure as much as our cattle need the nutritious food; and thus it is, as the English say, the more we feed the more we can produce. We should never feed in the highway. If. we cannot feed in-doors, we should certainly feed on our own land, and aim to select the'place where it will do the most good.—Cor. Actional Live Stock Journal. :•*■• FAT SHEEP FOR HEAVY FLEECE. There is,much said about ewes being too fat to breed well, dn my experience of twenty years. I havo never seen anything that led me to think so, providing this_flesh is put on with good pasture in summer, and a few roots, with good-hay, in Winter. The fatter sheep become under those circumstances, the more valuable I should consider them. There is a time of the year when it pays better to feed a small allowance of grain daily than in the fall, after the feed gets frozen, and it is not necessary to bring the flock to the barn. It is an old saying, ."a sheep well No- vembered is half wintered." Keep the ewes fat, and the lambs will be fat, and the fleeces heavy. I do not say whether it is than they can assimilate. They are accustomed to forage for themselves. They have plenty of exercise and comparatively little food. Now then, if you take such a breed of hogs, and endeavor to push them rapidly forward with rich food, it is easy to see how their blood could be poisoned by the excess of material which tho animal is not able to convert into flesh and fat. My remedy wonld be to raise a better class of pigs. I would raise such pigs as would stand high feeding until they were fat enough for market, and then I would dispose of them without delay. If you take pigs that are not accustomed to mature before they are three or four years old, and endeavor to so feed and force them that they shall be ready for market at twelve months old or less, what can you expect but hog cholera? On the other hand, a breed that is accustomed, and has been for generations, to mature early can can be pushed forward rapidly without injury. I should expect the best success from pigs raised from a large, healthy, common sow, sired by a highly refined thoroughbred boar, of a breed distinguished for its gentleness, fineness of bone, little offal, early maturity, and fattening qualities. The mother would furnish _ the digestive powers and the sire the assimilating powers. These qualities, combined with early maturity, fineness of bone, and high qualities of meat, would give you precisely what a good feeder wants. with one, should cultivate acquaintance ; let him knowthat you are his friend, and prove it to him by your kind treatment. He needs this to inspire confidence, and when this is gained, he is your humble servant. If your, horse gets feightened at any unusual sight or noise, do not whip him, for if you do, he will connect the whipping with the object that alarmed him, and make him afraid of it ever after. If he merely shies at the object, give him timo to examine it, which, with some encouraging words from the driver, will persuade him to pass it. You set frightened, too, sometimes, and would not like to be whipped for it.—American Stock Journal. State Agricultural College. IMPORTED AYRSHIRE COW, "LADY KILBERNIE,"? Owned by Sturtevant Eros., Waushakmn Farm, South Farmington, Massacnusells. are always "in clover." In winter, the milch cow runs in the road by day, and at night lies or stands shivering in the wet or muddy barnyard, or is treated to the luxury of a snow bank for a bed. She eats straw and corn fodder, with an occasional frozen pumpkin. And yet she is expected to yield daily gallons of that most indispensable article of food, milk. Is it strange that she grows poor, or that her calf is unthrifty? If we have no compassion for the cattle, and disregard the divine command to treat them with kindness, considerations of pecuniary interest ought to correct this cruel and inhuman practice. A cow that is poorly fed cannot give much milk,'nor milk of a good quality, for the plain reason that, it is among the most nutritious of all the substances we consume, and cannot therefore*be manufactured from food that does not contain nutritious elements. Some farmers instruct their wives that " corn must not be fed to the cows because it dries them up." But the women—God bless them!—have compassion upon the kind and docile animal upon whose system such severe drafts are Deing constantly made, and therefore insist upon furnishing food that will repair this waste. High feeding of cows in milk pays as well asgenerous feeding for steers. Let us see. Milk sells readily in the country villages for four cents a quart, while in the cities it brings a higher price. Suppose the cow to give three gallons a day, we have 48 cents, or something over $14 per month, as the value of her product. What other animal will make such generous returns for food, care, and generous feeding. If we consider the profits resulting from raising the calves for steers, we shall have reasons equally conclusive in favor of generous keep. Whether markets be good or bad, the well kept steer, in good form and of good quality, always sells at a profit to the Breeder. But we cannot have good form, good condition, and good quality where the calf was not properly started. A runted calf becomes "paunchy" and unthrifty, a form which subsequent good keep will seldom correct. The true principle therefore is, if we regard the matter only in a pecuniary point best to have the lambs come early or late, but I do say it is best to have them fat; then, whether early or late, they are salable. All ewes that, with good care,' will not raise a lamb and shear four pounds washed wool, should be sold._ I have them in my* flock that will shear nine pounds, and raise a pair of twins, and it costs no more to keep one than a sheep that shears only three pounds. I think no one will hear the man that keeps his flock in this way, complaining because his sheep are "run out" and do not pay, and the like. Ticks must be kept out of the flock; they are the worst enemy of the sheep. If they are not killed they will destroy the sheep. For killing them I have never tried anything better than strong tobacco juice. Give the lambs a dip before they are turned to grass, and again a few days after shearing, as the ticks leave the old sheep then and go on to the lambs. This will kill most of them. If any remain until winter, take some tobacco juice, made warm, and pour it along the back, and let it soak in tne wool, and most of the ticks will be destroyed. If these directions are followed, no one need apprehend any serious difficulty with ticks; but at best there will always be some;—Cors Country Gentleman. ■ *...'•■' • IMPROVED AND UNIMPROVED PIGS. HOW TO DRIVE A HORSE. Mr. J. Harris, one ofthe best authorities, thus discourses upon this important subject: What do we mean by an improved breed of pigs? Usually we mean a breed that has fine bone and little offal. A breed that is very quiet and will turn the food it eats into flesh and fat. It is a breed that will eat and digest a stomach full of rich: food and assimilate it. As a rule the weak spot in all high-bred pigs is that their digestive powers are not as good as their assimilating powers. They can assimilate more food than they can digest. On the other hand, our common, coarse, unimproved hogs can usually eat and digest more food Young man, I see you are about to take a drive this morning, and will offer you some advice. Your horse is restive and wants to be off before you are ready; you may as well break him of this now as at any other time, and hereafter you will find it has been a half-hour well spent. Just give me the reins while you put your foot on the step as if to get in ; the horse makes a move to go ; I tighten the reins and say " Whoa." Now put your foot on the step again; the horse makes another move ; I hold the reins and speak to him again. The horse is getting excited. Pat him a little on the neck and talk to him soothingly. Put your foot on the step again, and repeat this process until the horse will stand still for you to get in and adjust yourself in your seat and tell him to go. A few such lessons will train him so that he will always wait for your order before starting. Now, as your horse has just been fed, drive him at a gentle pace for the first two or three miles, until he warms up and his body becomes lighter. But before you start let me show you how to hold the reins. Take them in your left hand, have them pf equal length from the bit, and to cross each other in your hand, the offside one resting on your first finger, the back of the hand upward. Now, in guiding the horse you nave only to nse the wrist joint, which will direct him either right or left, as you wish. Keep your arm steady, with a gentle pressure on the bit, no jerking or switching of the reins. If more speed'is wanted, take the whip in your right hand to be gently used for that purpose; be careful not to apply it any der than is necessary to bring him up At the meeting of the Board of Trustees held last week, the committee on Organization made the following appointments: That Prof. Hougham be assigned to the chair of physics and industrial mechanics. That Prof. Morgan be assigned to the chair of mathematics and engineering. ThatProf. John Hussy be assigned to the chair of botany and horticulture. That Prof. Harvey W. Wiley, of Irving- ton, Indiana, be tendered the appointment Of professor of chemistry. That Eli F. Brown, of Richmond, Indiana, be tendered the appointment of professor of English literature and drawing. That the departments not above assigned be for the present distributed among said five professors as the same may be arranged and agreed upon by them and the president. The board ordered the erection of two barns; one to cost $5,000, the other $700. It was also ordered that lamp posts be erected at suitable points on the university grounds. A great deal of business was transacted preparatory to the opening of the university, September 17. The Hon. M. S. Pierce gave another $1,000, to be used for the establishment of a botanical garden. Mr. Pierce had already given over $2,000 for this purpose. The scho'ol and departments ot the university have been arranged as follows: I. School of Natural Science.—1. Physics and Industrial Mechanics. 2. Chemistry. 3. Natural History. II. School of Engineering.—1. Civil Engineering. 2. Mining Engineering. 3. Architecture. III. School of Agriculture.—1. Agriculture—Theoretical and Practical. 2. Horticulture. 3. Veterinary Science. IV. School of Military Science. A thorough course of mathematical instruction will be given in the above schools. The German and English languages; also, free hand and mechanical drawing will be prominent studies in the schools of natural science, engineering and military science. It is the intention ofthe board to make the instruction thoroughly practical. To accomplish this, extensive and well-selected engineering, chemical and philosophical apparatus has been provided; and the geological and mineralogical cabinets formerly belonging to Dr. Richard Owen have been purchased and placed in the institution. An appropriation has been made to purchase books for a reference library. The institution, as is known, is located on a farm of one hundred and eighty acres, one mile west of Lafayette. The buildings now completed are a laboratory, boarding-house, dormitory, work-shop, engine-house, and a military hall and gymnasium. The first three of these are heated with steam, and lighted by gas manufactured on the premises. Candidates for admission must be of good moral character and at least sixteen years of age, and be able to pass a satisfactory examination in Orthography, English Grammar, Geography, Arithmetic, History of the United States, and Algebra to Quadratic Equations. A preparatory school will, however, be organized, to which students may be admitted, provided their proficiency is such as to enable them to pass the entrance examination to a regular course within one to the required speed. Speak to him sooth irigly, and intimate inthe most gentle manner what you want him to do, and he will try to do it. So noble an animal should not be handled roughly nor over-driven. When you return, have the harness removed at once, and the horse rubbed down with a wisp of straw or hay. Give him a bite of grass or hay, and let him cool ofi before he is wattercd or fed. Every one who handles a horse or has anything to do "\ -'Or year. The University will be open for the reception of students September 16, 1874. Examination for admission and classification of students will take place Thursday and Friday, September 10 and 17. First term will close December 16,1874. Second term will begin January 5, 1875. Second term will close March 26, 1875. Third term will begin" March 29, 1875. Third term will end June 18, 1875. The expenses to be incurred by students will be as follows: Tuition of residents of this State Free Tuition of residents of other States per year..*** 00 Matriculation fee for full course 10 00 Koom rent, fuel and light, per term 5 00 Janitor and fee for incidentals 5 00 Board, per week 3 ■*>l Washing, per dozen **■"> Any additional information that maybe desired can be obtained by addressing the President, A. C. Shortridge. •^m A m •r |
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