Vol. IX.
IOTIM1P0LIS, INDIANA, JULY 11, 1874.
IdYG Stocks
HOG CHOLERA.
PUBLIC SALES OF SHORT-HORN
CATTLE.  .
' With the return of the warm weather,
the usual reports of outbreaks of cholera
among hogs in the West also return. It is
evident that the character of this disease
is greatly miSunderstood or, but little
known. That it is of a typhoid character
and a blood disease is a well established
fact. It is also certain that. the most
marked symptom* the.diarrhea,is the third
. and last stage of a disorder which has
reached a fatal conclusion. Unfortunately
for the mostpart it is only when;this con
. elusion has been reached that apprehen
sions are entertained and treatment, now
too late, is undertaken.   The premonitory
' signs of the approach of this disorder are
^obscur^yery^raMientTjind.are.rarely»ob
served.   The first stage of the disease is
marked only«by ^ an -unusual quietness of
the animals affected, and the sleepy appear
ance and loss  of appetite are frequentlj
considered as evidence of the well being of
the sufferers when they an» really signs of
a most critical stage ofthe disease, and in
dications that something should be done
without loss of time.   To "sleep and grow
. fat is considered the business of a hog, but
on the contrary the hog is an animal much
given to activity, and unusual sleepiness is
a certain signification of something wrong
This first stage soon gives place to more
alarming symptoms. Severe abdominal
pains are indicated by a great unwilling
ness to move, a position in which the fore
- feet are stretched out and the abdomen is
brought close to the ground. The skin
now changps color and the blood becomes
effused at the surface, causing a deep red
or purple appearance of parts of the body
The eyes and mouth and inside of the eaTS
are red, and sometimes eruptions take
place. Up to this point treatment is hopeful, but afterward it is of little avail. A
strong purgative should be administered
as soon as any of the symptoms described
have been noticed. This should consist
of three or four ounces of epsom salts, half
an ounce of sulphur, with one or two drams
of ground gineer, given in half a pint of
well sweetened warm oatmeal gruel or linseed tea. The difficulty of administering
medicine to a hog may be obviated by the
the following method. Catch the animal
and pass a slip noose around the upper jaw
back of the tushes. Tie the cord or rope
around the upper rail of a fence or to the
top of a post in such a way that the head
is elevated. Then with an iron spoon pour
the medicine, a little at a time, into the
mouth, which is held Open under these circumstances very persistently, until the
whole is given. At the same time an injection of half a pint of strong soap suds
with a table spoonful of linseed oil should
be given and repeated until the bowels are
freely moved. Clean bedding should be
given, the pens should be washed with
water and sprinkled with carbolic acid, and
the body of the hog should be sponged
carefully and gently with cold water and a
soft sponge or cloth, and dried with a soft
flannel cloth. Gentle friction also-will help
greatly to induce a healthy action of the
skin. _ When the spasmodic or catch-
breathing occurs congestion of tbe lungs
has taken place, and further treatment is
only trouble thrown away. Prevention of
the disorder is easy and safe. It consists,
however, not in spasmodic efforts to ward
off attacks which already threaten to be
serious, but in general care of the stock
from their youth up. Young animals should
be fed and watered regularly, and the system should be built up to a healthful condition by constant good treatment. Filthy
quarters, damp, cold resting places, unwholesome food and impure air should
especially be guarded against. Iu fact,
every contingency that the owner would
find obstructive to his own well-being
should be_ carefully avoided as a rule as
regards his stock, if he would preserve
them from any or all of the blood diseases
which ravage the herds and flocks. Exposure to sudden changes of the weather
or to sultry heats in open pastures without
shade; coarse, indigestible food which may
be picked up in damp pastures; wallowing
in mud holes or stagnant, unwholesome
sloughs, and drinking the water fouled by
such wallowing or by the droppings of
cattle, are all productive of diseases of the
blood and fever. .On the other hand, a
sudden access to plentiful green feed after
a season of dry feeding, by which the condition of the animal is lowered is equally
dangerous. In short, it is unquestionable
that want of care and inattention to common sanitary precautions are the causes of
■^cholera in hogs, and equally so that it can
f only be avoided by a humane and skillful
Juse of those precautions.—A Veterinarian,
fiin N. Y. Tribune.
The present year has been a prosperous
one for breeders of fine cattle. We are
glad to note this fact, for it teaches that
the people of the West are beginning to
feel that there is money in producing the
best of every thing, and that from this time
forward they will produce a better grade
of cattle,,hogs, etc., than has graced their
farms in former years... This is right. Enterprise and improvement should be manifest on every farm in the land.- , There is
no reason why farmers should not advance
in.-every.department of their, business.
There is grent room for it, and it is entirely
balk. But you have a horse or colt that
balks, while I cannot without a personal
knowledge ofthe subject, tell youwhat to
do, I can tell you what: not to do—never
whip.. _ If he won't go, let him stand still
and think it over, and after a few moments'
refleetionrand-a-fe-w*t-o9ae9-of-his-head-,-he
will often^go pn.of.his -pyrn accord. Or, if
this d<}es'nqt answerv.ge| out .ofthe wagon
and pat him, and talk to nim kindly. A
horse is very susceptible to'kindness: and
I have known more than one vicious horse
gentled into good behavior by a few pats
from a ladies gloved hand on .the moist
neck'and.veined muscle. Sometimes it is
well'to loosen a strap or start a buckle.
I have known the act of unohecking and
rechecking the animal to answer the pur
Jersey, but with the admixture of Guernsey blood. It is not usually considered a
distinct breed, and is not accepted as pure
race in the other islands. Alderney cows
are apparently degenerated Jersey, ' or
rather Jerseys which have not been improved, as they have been on the larger
island. The name "Alderney" was given
"to Channel Islands cattle because the early
importations in to England were from that
islands, where there are many English
residents, and it has probably been'retained
by mere force of habit. ; Its retention in
this country was perhaps .due in partto
the confusion that might follow between
Jersey and New Jersey: What We call
Alderneys are almost exclusively Jerseys.
There are a few, Guernsey cattle in the
United  States   but not enOush to con-
INDIANA
EXPOSITION
INGS.
BUILD-
Wb here present an engraving of the
elegant and commodious Exposition buildings belonging to the Indiana State Board
of Agriculture. These buildings were
erected last year at a cost of more than
8150,000. They are 900 feet in length, the
central portion two stories of twenty feet
each in hight, with verandas in front, and
containing two galleries extending the entire length of the building. Thero was
used in the construction of these buildings
1.500,000 bricks, 650.000 feet of lumber,
2,000.cubic yards of stone.. 190 kegs of
nails, and with the additional buildings on
the. grounds, afford a half million square
feet of space arranged iu the most modern
style, and adapteduo the display of every
branch of industry. Power is furnished
for the display of machinery and water
in great abundance throughout the buildings. The grounds consist of about forty
Kre„,'1i)ffis't'admirably adapTed'for'th'e'pur-
poses of an exhibition'of stock, farm products, implements, machinery, etc., etc.
There is no similar Board in the country
that holds in trust for the people of a State
so complete and valuable a property, and
so nearly free from debt. The debt that
is upon it is fully provided for by guarantee bonds held by the Board. With such
spacious grounds and buildings, and with
the bountiful crops ofthe year, the constant improvements in machinery and extended manufactures, the abundant wealth
of our forests and mines, and with the
progress in arts, science and general culture, together with the energy, skill and
far-reaching wisdom displayed by the
Board of Managers, we confidently expect
that the Exposition and Fair of 1874 will
far surpass any of its predecessors.
SHEEP FOR IMPROVING RUNDOWN LAND.
INDIANA EXPOSITION BUILDING AT INDIANAPOLIS.
practicable. By proper culture two bushels
of wheat or corn may be grown where there
is now but one; and, by proper breeding
and care of stock, two hundred pounds of
beef or pork may be produced where one
is now produced. It is a well established
principle that the profit in farming is in
the increased production. Then farmers
should procure the best of everything for
seed and for breeding purposes, and attempt to cultivate no more land or to grow
no more stock than can be done in the
most successful manner, and the business
of farming will not only be pleasant, but
as profitable as any other legitimate business conducted on honest principles. We
wish to call attention in this connection to
the stock sales advertised in thesefeolumns.
The first in order of time is* that of
Hughes & Richardson, at Elk Hill, eight
miles from Lexington, Ky.. July 22d.
This herd consists of about eighty head, of
whiph about sixty are females. They are
choice stock, and will doubtless be much
sought after.
The second is a joint sale of 100 females
and 20males, representing the best families
in the country. This sale will take place
at the farm of William Warfield, near
Lexington, Ky., July 23d. The Blue grass
region has long been noted for its fine stock
and we have no doubt but these sales will
fully maintain this reputation, and that
buyers will be there from all parts of the
country.'
The third is Sugar Tree Grove herd.
This is one of our own Indiana herds, of
which we should be justly proud, and consists of about eighty head of Short-horn
cattle and thirty head of Cotswold sheep;
all of which will be sold at Sullivan, Sullivan county, Ind., August 12th, 18T4.
The fourth is the Hazel Bluff Herd, of
Clinton county, to be sold at the fair
grounds, Terre Haute, Ind., July 13th.
The last two herds named contain some of
Indiana's best cattle and should command
the special attention of our stock-growers
and breeders, as we have no doubt they
will.
Since the above was in type, we have
received the advertisement of tne sales of
William Stevenson & Sons, and Geo. L.
Burruss & Son, and W. W. Reynolds.
The former will sell at Little Indian, Cass
county, Illinois, August 5th, forty head of
cows, heifers and bulls, all choice Shorthorns, and twenty-five head of Berkshire
hogs, and a fine flock of Southdown and
Cotswold sheep. The latter will sell at
Carrollton, Greene county, August 6th,
forty head of Short-horn cattle, all of
choice strains.
Balkt Horses.—Yelling and whipping
on the part of the trainer or driver, overloading, sore shoulders, or ill-fitting collars—these are the causes that make horses
pose. It took his attention off in another
direction, you see, changed the current of
his thought, and broke up his purpose and
determination to resist. For this same
reason, an apple or bunch of grapes from
the roadside, or a handful of oats or a few
kernels of corn, will often accomplish what
an hour of beating could never effect.
The truth is, a man must govern himself
before he can hope to govern lower animals. A man flushed with passion, his
brain charged with heated blood, his eyes
blazing with rage, is not in a condition to
think clearly; and it is just this thinking
clearly that is above all else needed in
directing and controlling horses. Hence it
is that contact with horses and an actual experience in teaching them is one of the
finest disciplines a man can have. He grows
to love the colt he is teaching; & nature is
not utterly depraved in which is going on
the exercise of affection, no matter now
humble the object of it may be. His employment makes it necessary for him to
think; and this keeps intellect, which
might otherwise have no development,
alive. The language of the stable is not,
as many pious and ignorant people imagine,
all slang. Care and anxiety are felt in the
groom's room, and consultations are held
upon the issue of which the health and
safety of valuable property depend. Plans
are formed, and methods of procedure
adopted, upon which fame and vast sums
of money come and g_o. Faults of nature,
and errors of education and practice are
corrected; and the trainer discovers that
in schooling God's creature he is being
schooled himself. Thus in all other
branches of industry, -the horseman discovers that he is the point from which one
current goes forth and another enters in.
He bestows and he receives;_ he educates
and is educated; and the life which so
many thoughtless people despise, closes, as
in the case of Hiram Woodruff—the upright in art and act—with honor, and a
fame which can fail only when kindness
toward animals and integrity among men
are regarded as of no account.—Murray's
Perfect Horse.
Cattle on the Channel Islands.—
There are four principal islands in the
Channel group—Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark. Jersey, the largest, is about
the size of Staten Island, in New York;
Guernsey is less than half the size of Jersey; Alderney is only about one-sixth the
size of Jersey (about 2,600 acres); and
Sark is (in arable land) considerably smaller than Alderney. These are usually called, not the Alderney Islands, but the
Channel Islands. They have two distinct
breeds of cattle—Jersey and Guernsey.
Sark has a mixture of the two, and Alderney is stocked with animals originally from
stitute a prominent class. They are large,
rich milkers, and good farmer's cows, but
they lack the characteristic beauty of the
Jerseys, and are on this account less attractive, even to ordinary farmers, who
like handsome animals as well as any other
class in the community.— Ogden Farm
Papers.
Dr. J. P. Forsythe, of Franklin, has
recently sold his six year old Short-horn
bull, Cyrus. 11.5S9, to Geo. W. Sidener,
Glenwood, Mills co., Iowa.
FRESH MUTTON VS. SALTED
MEATS FOR SUMMER.
Farmers, as a rule, eat too much salted
meat both in winter and summer. There
is certainly no reason whatever why this
should be the case during six months of
the year, and no valid reason, except prejudice, why fresh meat should not be used
in summer to a far greater extent than it
is. The real reason is a groundless prejudice against the use of mutton, and most
nutritious, economical and healthful of
meats. It is true there is a single disability connected with the raising of sheep
either as wool or mutton, and that is, the
number of worthless curs with which our
villages, and, indeed, many of our farms
abound; but this would be easily cured, if
more or less sheep were bred on every farm,
since it would then be to the interest of
every farmer, not only either to kill or educate the farm dogs, but also to wage unrelenting war upon those not educated to
understand the rights of property. One
of the principal objections to the use of
mutton among farmers, we believe, is the
taste the meat will contract from the wool,
if not properly dressed. This is easily-
avoided. All that is needed is to bleed,
skin and disembowel as quickly as possible,
keeping the wool from contact with the
flesh; wash thoroughly by dashing water
inside the carcas, and cool as soon as may
** *    A small sheep, fat,_ weighing sixty to
be.
eighty pounds, may easily be consumed by
an ordinary sized faimily before it gets
tainted, except in the very hottest weather;
if larger, it may be divided with a neighbor, to be returned in kind, or sold if the
neighbor does not keep sheep. A small
flock of sheep may easily be taught to heed
and be driven to and from the pasture with
milch cows. The wool will fully pay for
the care bestowed, and the mutton maybe
considered clear gain; and, certainly, no
one will deny, once having eaten a meal of
well-fed mutton, that it is infinitely superior to either salted pork or bacon. Even
when placed in competition with ham either
sliced or broiled, or boiled whole, mutton
will undoubtedly compare favorably with
it, at least for a change.— Western Rural.
At the first meeting ofthe New England
Agricultural Club, at Waterville, Maine,
Thursday, March 26th, I was called upon
to make some remarks. I there stated that
my farming operations had not, upon the
whole, been very successful. I there made
some statements of my experience in fertilizing old, worn out, mowing fields with
sheep. While I was making my statements,
your reporter was engaged on other matters, and did not hear it; but in conversation, after the meeting, he wished me to
write it out and send it to your paper. In
1866, I bought a mowing field of forty
acres, which had been "run out," as we
term it, and not having dressing enough to
bring it into good condition, I tried pasturing sneep on it. I turned about ten acres
of this field into a pasture, and put fifty
sheep on the ten acres. The sheep had no
lambs. I expected that in the course of
three or four years they would subdue it,
and bring it into such a condition that I
could plough it and get the benefit of the
sheep pasture. After the expiration of
one year, I found that the grass began to
make its appearance. I will state that the
field was nothing but white weed and yellow weed; the grasses had been killed out.
I let the sheep run another year, and the
next spring, on examining the field, I found
there was a great change in its appearance.
I was induced, from the appearance of the
field, to let the grass grow, and when the
time came for mowing, I found the heaviest grass there that we have ever grown
with any amount of dressing. Herdsgrass
and redtop came in thickly, and the clover
and other grasses made a perfect mat, so
that it was difficult to run a mowing machine in certain portions. It has been
mowed now five years, from the time the
sheep were taken off with as good result
as the average of fields that have been lender manure. The soil was a clayey loam,
canting a little to the north and west, perfectly smooth, free from stump or stone;
had been mown for twelve or fifteen years
previous to my putting on the sheep. They
had access to water, but no grain. They
were on the ground from spring until fall,
and were in the very best condition. A
great loss is sustained by every farmer who
■Hoes not pasture sheep upon his improved
land. In one sense, it has cost me nothing
to bring these ten acres into the condition
in which they have produced this amount
of hay. I may say it has been an entire
saving, because we usually let sheep run
on unimproved land, which we never cultivate. I have great confidence in that
manfler of managing land. Ira D. Sturgis,
of Vassalboro, one of our wealthiest and
best farmers, has adopted this method of ,
fertilizing old fields by pasturing sheep.
He put some four hundred on his smooth
fields last year, and intends to keep them i
on the present season, and then let a por-'
tion of his fields come into grass for the'.
scythe. His experiment will be of great ^
value to the farming community.
H. G. Abbott.
North Vassalboro, Me., May 1, '74.
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