Vol. IX.
Live Stock;
CONVENTION OF: SHORT-HORN
:    BREEDERS.
INDIANAPOLIS, ipiANA, MAY 30, 1874
No. 2L
■ The Indiana Association of Short-horri
Breeders met in convention at the State
House on Tuesday, the 26th, but for want
ofa quorum adjourned till 10 o'clock next
day, when the Association met again.—
Present: Dr. A. C, Stevenson, of Greencastle, President; Charles Lowder, of
Plainfield, Treasurer; J. M. Woodruff, of
Nineveh, Johnson county; W. C. Bice, of
Bluff Creek, Johnson county; S. F. Lockridge, of Greencastle ; Thomas Wilhoit and
son, of Henry county; J. T. Williamson,
of Thorntown ; E. A. Olleman, representing the Indiana Farmer, and S. M. Carter, of Amo, Hendricks county.
On motion, (the Secretary being absent),
Mr. Charles Lowder was elected Secretary
pro tem. .
Dr. A. G. Stevenson, the President, made
a few remarks on the smallness of the attendance, which he attributed to the neglect of tlie Secretary and Executive Committee in not making the Convention known
to the.farmers ; still the President was not,
discouraged, but looked upon the small |,
attendance as a lesson for the Association
in the future^ The subject of improving
the breeds,of cattle was one of too much
importance to be neglected.. He advocated
the cultivation of#and7 buying'Indiana
cattle, and .not going abroad so much. '. ,   .
Mr. S. F. Lockridgej of Putnam county,
expressed his regret at the small attendance, but he thought the time fixed for
holding the meeting an inconvenient one
for.farmers, who.were usually busy with
their crops at this time of. the year'. About
the*first of, November,! he[thought, would
be a good time *fjand, after some remarks,
in favor of the' present'time ,for holding!
the meeting, .Mr^. Lockridge moved that.aj
Convention be held on the second Wednesday in November of, this year. .The motion
was passed, ',*_;._, ,..'."'. .   ; ,-•'*'.V:-,.': v'".':-^
A paper; from Henry Craven, of.Anderson, was read by the Secretary. The paper
contained resolutions . ordering . that,'a
herd-book or pedigree record be kept by
the Association ; and; after, the, reading it
was laid on, the tablapntif 'the, next meeting- .'■'.;"'     ' >;'.*'*   '' '.'.■]."   ■■': ■■■  *'ii';-*-
A motion'to elect,officers for .fie., jear
was defeated on account of thesmall:nur_-
ber present/  ".';"-..     .'-,'•'",'.']''_..."',".'.':' .'.'.'i
The.Secretary {pro tem. .was,'ordered ; to f
inform the Secretary of the proceedings of
this'Conveiition and of the me'etingpirdered
for November.  .'■'■■ " ''..-,,.
Mr. Charles Lowder, the Treasurer,
read his report as follows :'. Cr.—Amount
received May 27th, 1873, from Alexander
Heron, former treasurer, S8.25; twenty-
three members." $23 ; .total. 531.25. Dr.—,
To amount paid_J. G. Kingsbury,, May
that they could make more money bv rus-\^^^^iBJlS^^l^^St.
ing stock than   crops, they would  quit-, Indiana !
plowing. ■ J 1st Ixjaan of Onkiand, j.'s. Long, Iowa..
Dr. Stevenson then put the following\M^t\^l^0tif^t3T^^.^:.
motion before the Association: |Medoraid,i.s.i^ng,'iowa.T..'.'.'..Z
Resolved, That the science of breeding should be,' B^"1"»J^i! *?-"•: B- F- Claypool, Conners-- i
studied and practiced by the farmers.       ...   *
The Association1 then tooka recess un
til 1:30 p. m.;. -;'   ;*    ',"  '     :. ,' '
.AFTERNOON SESSION.*.
A little before two o'clock the £onveh
tios met,- and resumed the consideration of
Dr. Stevenson's resolution. The .doctor
was the first to speak. He said the science
of breeding was a very important one.
Nature is full of lessons. Even dogs are
of every variety of size and form.   Did
650 00
400 00
790 00
700 00
610(10
ville, Ind ,_i , ,,;    100 00
Wilfreda, J. H. Long, Iowa  130 00
Cressida, Jas McKeegan, Yates City, Ills. ' 300 00
•Minnie Wilson, J. S. Long, Iowa  '' 330 OO
Oxford Belle, J. S. Long, Iowa ; * 400 00
Valley Maid, J. 8. Long, Iowa.*...*..  *455 00
Maggie Airdrie and calf, J. 8. Long, Iowa 1,I&5 00
Imp. Maid of ThornhillAVm. It. Duncan,
Towanda, Ills  l,r>00 00
Flora Lesley 2d, J. 8. Long, Iowa  SOO 00
Kate Washington 3d, J. 8. Long, Iowa.... 750 00
Kosa Lee, D. Gardner, Champaign, Ills... - J35 00
Kate Washington 4th, James McKeegan;
Yates City, Ills .* ;  520 00
Rosa, E. Caldwell, Harrlsburg, Ind  205 00
Oakland Queen, J. S. Long,' Iowa  325 00
Lou Ann 1st, J. N. Conkhn, Cambridge
City, Ind :  105 00
Garland, J. 8. Long, Iowa  660 00
goes a little fermentation, which is the beginning of digestion. From the first stomach it rs gradually worked into the second,
which is only an apendage of the first, lying close to the oesophagus, and separated
from the main part of the paunch by a
diaphragm in the inside of the paunch that
reaches in only a little way, and makes
only a partial separation between the two j
divisions. From the outside appearance,
one would hardly suspect the second stomach to be a distinct division from the first.
In the second division the food is rolled
into pellets and by a spasmodic action
thrown back to the mouth, and when re-
masticated instead of going into the first
stomach as it did at first, it now goes to
the third or manifold, as it is sometimes
called.   This is a nearly round body, at-
JMlLi
■;.;. , "ROSAMOND 9lh"
By Royal Britton\(LTi£S\), Dam Rosamond Hh, by Wcchav ken, ">_G0     Property <if Charh■> f \Cofitn Muirkirk, Maryland.
27th. 1873, $10.  'Balance in the treasury,
$21.25*.   The report was adopted.     ,_;.,'.'
Mr. S. F. Lockridge was ordered to issue
circulars calling attention and inviting to
the November Convention, the members of
the Association, farmers and breeders of
Indiana, and noted breeders of the neighboring States.    "** '        .'  •
The Secretary then*- read the report of
the aggregate of Gen.Sol.Meredith & Sons'
sale, last Wednesday, whieh, he thought,
showed that Indiana stock is not appreciated so highly at home as in neighboring
States.
Mr. Olleman. of the Indiana Farmer,
asked the President to explain more fully
his remarks as to there being a sufficient
supply of cattle in Indiana for home eon-
sumption.
Dr. Stevenson replied that what he intended to convey was, that the supply was
about equal to the demand; but that the
demand was not nearly so great as it ought
to be.
Mr. S. F. Lockridge paid a high compliment to the Indiana Farmer, which he
considered a paper that every farmer ought
to have; but he would like to see the
Farmer get up a special live stock department, with a regular editor, whose business
it should be to look after tbat department;
that he and all the breeders of the State
would aid him as far as possible.
Mr. Olleman, on behalf of the Farmer,
replied that the editors would take the
matter under advisement, and if practical,
would adopt the suggestion; that in the
past the Farmer had given all the attention possible to live stock matters, but that
a considerable expense would be incurred
in getting up a special department, and
that nearly aH the income had been expended in improving the paper. He thanked the gentlemen of the Association for
their support, and asked a continuation ;
promised to adopt the suggestion of Mr.
Lockridge, as far as possible.
(Mr. Charles Lowder said that Indiana is
especially a good grazing country; and the
attention of farmers should be called to
Ithe fact, and as soon as they discovered
the .Creator mike these \ tnet'cs, or one
'class ?:: If *o, what has produced these \ a
rietie's*in.all the*:anim_ls/ iltms- possible
;that .climate and-food, have^nuch to do
with. theivarietie-J* of. size. He thought
the real science: of i breeding; was: to select
good anim'dls to i breed1 from)iand not go
■much .aujpedigred: The reason the Ameri-
'Can/fanner :do*esi not do! so'well with; his
cattle aS'Mthv : English /.farmer..is that the
whole atfention ;m_' energy-of thb former
is paid to possessing a farm;-while in England the-farmer'' are all renters, and their
Only hope, to'make-money: is i in improving
the stock. Up to 1822, no pedigree ofstock
had been kept, aiid.it is noteworthy that
the best breeds had been broughtto their
present improved state before that time.
The improvements were effected- by selecting the Dest stock to breed,from, without
any reference to pedigree ; and the-leading
breeds have-not been improved:upon by
the pedigree system. Mr. Stevenson said
if he was a young man. he would attempt
to get up an American variety of cattle
without importing any more. <•'•
Messrs. Charles Lowder and S. F. Lockridge spoke in support of Dr. Stevenson's
resolution and remarks, and the motion
was adopted.
The Convention then adjourned until
the second Wednesday in November.
[For the Indiana Farmer.
STOCK SALE.
White. Lily, G.H.Woodyard.-Morrlstown,
Indiana.
Casket I) (r miner Lh im{ iL.fr 111"
[ Bertie, >Vr(a, Crim, Anderson, lnd.^...	
Cyprla, Jas. Jackson, Rich Valley, Ind._:.
Dora, ;(as: Jackson; Rich VaUev,*rud.....*.*'
Ella; Jas .Jackson; Hleli' Valley,- Ind.::....i /
Lucy, J. U, Clark,, Champaign, Ills,...,,	
Emma/.I. i". Lorig, rcnv.i ...'..*-...'..'..'....*
FJlen,JaS'Jackson; Rich Valley'Ind:'..!''
.Melissa.3d,. AjVery <t JWnfphy, Detroit, ,
Michigan...,. ...•...-.....'. .•....,..*....
Jorifi of Are*'AYery & Murphy, Dctroltj'
' Michigan;.....ei,ji....;..**.;_j...„ ;...;...;.i;i,
Short-horn Sale of S. Meredith _ Son. May 22, at
Cambridge City, Indiana—Tlie stook sold, and
who bought—The prices paid.
The above sale took place, as advertised for some time past in the Farmer, on
the 22d inst., upon the lawn adjoining the
suburban residence of Gen. Meredith, near
Cambridge City, Indiana. The day was
very fine and pleasant. The crowd in attendance was not so large as is sometimes
seen at such sales. There were a number
of prominent breeders present from Kentucky, Ohio, New York,Michigan, Illinois,
Iowa, and Indiana, and a few trom the Dominion of Canada. An elegant, substantial, and full dinner was provided for the
entire crowd, which was served promptly
at noon.. The company was then called to
the sale-ring, and the announcement made
by the large, portly, affable, and popular
aunctioneer, Col. J. W. Judy, of Menard
county, Ills. Fifty-three head of Shorthorns were sold in a little less than three
hours. The sales were as follows:
cows.
Imp. Royal Duchess 2d, Jones * Hagerty,
Delaware, Ohio  S2,000 00
Forest Lady, J. 8. Long, Monroe, Iowa... 1,010 00
Rosa   Bonheur, A. Davis,  New Castle,
Indiana.  140 00
Ida, J. S. Long, Monroe, Iowa  510 00
White RoseAY m. Barnes, Metamora, Ind 250 00
8th Duchess of Oakland, Avery Murphy,
Detroit, Mich  900 00
Minnie 2d, J. S. Long, Monroe, Iowa  510 00
•SIjO 00
'.-iiO 00
;200 00
200 00
: 000 00'
> lto 00
''■'310.(13
12,000 00
Total:.':
I
...$20,985 00
Average of _> fem;i^S,"f53s'o8!'''
;.' ' '{, '"'';'j"':r :Btrj*-is.      .'.*. .',' :'
Prince of Aidrie,Wm.Rieman,NewCas- •
tie, Ind!..'.:.....1 .'.'....: ...S
Oakland Fancy, H. B. Cole' Morristown,
Indiana. ; ,-...
Cypria's Heir, Wm.Hanson, Conners- ,
ville, Ind u.u...;......-....„:.. _..........:
Lesley Duke, \Y'ni.:Crim, Anderson, Ind.
Annie's Cherub, E. 8. Jones, Indianapolis. Ind ::.* ;..*.	
McGregor. A. Brower, Newport, Ind;	
Fanny's Heir, J, S. Walker, New Castle,
Indiana....:..:.......:..... ::	
Louan's Cherub, Chas. Hook, Xenia, O....
Royal Airdrie, James McKeegan, Yates
• City, Ills .'....:  .   200 00
Joan's Chernb; Alex, Charles, Dixon, Ills 450 00
Oxford Heir, A. Marlatte, Milton, Ind.:... 105 00
Forest Helr.'.C. B. Jackson, Centerville,
Indiana..: '.......v........'......'....       105 00
Mariner, E. Martin, Woodstock, Ohio.....:     260 00
Royal Oakland 2d, James Jackson, Rich    ; ,
Valley, Indiana........ ....: :    110 00
,     Total...,......; „....'... $3,100 00
. Average of II bulls, S221 42. •   ,
Total average of 53 animals, $454 43.
; Charles Lower.
HOW RUMINANTS DIGEST THEIR
FOOD.
• A member of a farmer's club in Vermont surprised some of his associates by
talking about the four stomachs of cattle.
When digestion is properly done, he said,
the first stomach prepares the food for the
second, the second for the third, the third
for the fourth; but where the food is not
properly digested, it sometimes goes directly to the fourth stomach, (that is, within
15 minutes to half an hour). This was
denied by some, and some seem to doubt
cattle having four stomachs. Will you inform yourreaders in regard to this matter?
A. w. T.
ANSWER BY MR. L. B. ARNOLD.
It is true that a cow and other ruminants
have a compound stomach containing four
apartments. When coarse food, like grass,
is eaten, it is only partially masticated at
first, and is passed into the first stomach
or paunch. This is the largest division and
is about equal to the other three. It serves
as a receptacle to hold the coarse, half-
ground food until the animal has leisure
to remasticate. While there it is kept in
motion by the worm-like contractions of
the muscular coatings of the sack, and is
saturated and softened by a slightly acid
juice that is poured out upon it, and under-
tx, t*r■* tiched to the brinching termination of
f» «>( the o-ioplngus It is filled with a greater
''"■" "" ' number of folded divisions,in passingjover
which'the ,fobd undergoes,a further elaboration preparatory to the action of the
fourth or last division, iri which the digest-
'"ve'process. is '-completed. It passes directly
frdm-'the-: third i'lib'.-tlie' fourth stomach,
and tlie'/wprk of digestion is-.So'far advanced that the labor of this division is
quickly and perfectly performed. The
fourth stomach is designed to receive the
food-only in the plastic condition it assumes in passing' through the three other
divisions with the added influence of re^-
mas'tication. Ir is not calculated to takp
in, like1 the first stomach, food in a coarse,
fibrous state, unfermented, unsoftened,
and unprepared by the partial digestion of
the third division. The food of the entire
bovine race, when taken in its natural condition, as grown in the field or forest, always takes, in the process of digestion, the
course we'have described. The lower end
of the meat-pipe branches out at its connection with the stomach, so that it can
connect with any ofthe four divisions, and
to aid and insure the passage of the partially masticated food into the proper receptacle, the termination of the meat-pipe,'
at its connection with the first stomach is
lined with papillae, bent like card teeth,
the action of which helps the coarse food
along to the place it should go. But in
their dome'sticated state cattle do not always take their food in the coarse condition their peculiar and huge digestive ap-
200 00
280 00
125 00
180 00
200 00
:moo
200 00
425 00
paratus indicates it was designed to be
received. It is desirable to feed them grain
and otherfeed that is pulverized even finer
than their re-mastication would make it.
In this condition the papillae cannot grasp
it to haul it along into the rumen and it
falls directly into the fourth stomach.
Perhaps the will of the animal may have
something to do with the direction the food
takes. But certain it is that very fine food
like corn meal, when fed alone, goes directly into the fourth stomach, missing entirely
the other three, and the preparation for
digestion they were calculated to give it.
This I have repeatedly demonstrated, as
any one else may do, by feeding meal to
animals that were to be slaughtered immediately, and searching for it as soon as
the stomach can be reached. It is always
found only in the fourth stomach. Receiving food in this unprepared condition,
the natural work of the fourth stomach is
augmented and prolonged. If only a small
quantity of meal is fed in this way, it will,
nevertheless, be digested very well, but if
fed in any considerable quantity the labor
of this division is so much increased that
the digestion is impaired, and the meal
goes out ofthe stomach and indeed out of
the animal undigested. This is proved by
an examination of the fceees. To prevent
this occurence, hay or straw, cut or long,
may be thoroughly wet and mixed with it.
The meal will adhere to tbe coarse food
and be carried along with it into the rumen,
and pass-through all the atomachs and all
the preparation they are designed by nature
to give. The increased; benefit derived
from feeding ground food io this way where
liberalfeeding is desiraMe, amouats to considerable. Fed in this way a cow can digest
from, ope-fourth to one-third more ground
feed, besides digesting it more completely,
than, when the feed is given alone. This
is q.uitp a consideration in feeding for milk
or beef, llegarding the animal as a machine for converting into milk or beef the
excess; of food that can be digested over
and above what it requires to supply the
waste |ind wear ofthe body, it pays to run
the machine up to its fullest capacity, converting into the'desired product the largest
possible excess. Apples or roots pulped
or sliced serve the same purpose as wet
hay in 'carrying meal into the first stomach.
In feeding animals with a single stomach,
this mode of feeding is not of so much consequence. But it is even better to mix
ground feed with coarse, to preveut it from
packing, and to give a more desirable bulk
for the stomach, by its peristaltic motion,
to act upon. The looser and more open
the food can be kept in the stomach, the
more readily and thoroughly will the gastric juice be mingled with it, and the more
rapidly and completely will it digest. The
condition of tlie food for domestic animals,
and the manner in which it is compounded,
is a matter well worthy ofthe attention of
all who have animals to feed. While there
are special reasons for properly compounding food for the stomachs of ruminants the
proper' conditions for single stomachs
should not be overlooked.—JV. Y. Tribune.
' Raising Sheep. Successfully,—There
is no difficulty in raising sheep successfully, if the necessary care be taken. This can
■'all the more easily be secured if but few are
kept. Then there is a chance of properly
seeing'to them, and keeping only good
stock, which is the most profitable. The
farmer who has the long-wooled, heavy
bodied sheep, has a great advantage in his
lambs. With,a small flock it needs but
little care to save the lambs, and command
early in tho season, not only the top price,
but more, if the breed is a large, heal thy
one, and the lambs come early and are
well taken care of. The wool also will realize well. If there is land to be cleared
of shrubs and weeds, or it is steep or broken up so that tho plough cannot be used,
sheep are the thing to subdue it and establish a growth of grass. No greater profit
can be realized from such land than by
keening sheep. * But even when the land
is all tillable, and heavy crops can be raised, a few sheep can. in general, be kept
with* advantage, as there is always time
enough to see to a few sheep. See to them
well, keep only what is good, poviding always there is a near and good maket.
This, on the principle of carrying all the
parts in farming, so far a-s climate, locality, etc., will admit. Even during the depressed period, when sheep were slaughtered in the West for their pelts, and wool
was a drug, there were farmers who "made
it pay "to keep sheep—they were heavy,
long-wooled, bore large lambs prolifically,
which found a ready and good market,
while the wool—combing wool—from such
sheep, kept in the best manner, so as to secure in perfection the finest properties to
the fleece, realized something, and could
always be sold, however stagnant and reduced the market. Then, instead of two
or three pounds of wool per head, five to
seven were averaged. Those men continued their sheep with litte or no loss—some
averring they realized profit during_ the
discouraging period; and when the times
changed and flush prices prevailed, (as is
always the case in any branch,) they got
the benefit—they were the only ones there
to receive it, the rest having withdrawn,
and they have been receiving it ever siuce.
It is not a question whether this or that
branch will pay best.—Cor. Utica Herald.
Breeding  to  the Standard.—The
poultry papers are full of breeding to the
standard.   Every   breeder of   pure-bred
fowls must take it as their guide.    But
for farmers who keep poultry only for eggs
and raising poultry for the market, the
standrrd is not of much account.   I am a
strong believer in pure-bred poultry for
profit; but if a good,*pu're cock is used on
a good lot of common hens, the chickens
will be as good layers, usually, as the pure
breeds.   A well marked cock of any of the ^ja
fancy breeds will command a high price. (j2^
Every breeder has a few disqualified cocks  * "
that are just as good to use with common
hens, that can be bought cheap.^If a farm- \
er wishes to keep hens for eggs and no
chickens, he wants some of the non-sitters;
sometimes he can find Hamburgs, or Leg-
horns that have badly-marked plumage, or
[Continued on Fifth Page.]
w*?-