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Vol. LI. nroi/mAPOii^-iroiAiTA, may ie, 1874 Ho. 19, Live Stock. [For the Indiana Farmer. KENTUCKY STOCK SALE. '. In company with several gentlemen of Indianapolis I went to Jefferson county, Kentucky, to attend the great sale of Golddust horses, by L. L. Dorsey, which took place on his extensive stock farm, eight miles from Louisville, on the' 6th inst. The day was beautiful, and on our arrival at the farm, we found from a thousand to fifteen hundred people assembled, representing nearly every State in the Union. At half-past ten o'clock, before the sale commenced, the aged stallions and trained horses were led out for the inspection and admiration of the crowd; Zilcadie, Emmerson, Maroon,'Ede_, Fancy, and Glencoe Golddust—stallions and fast trotters—were firs£ shown, and more magnificent specimens of the equine family it has never been our lot to look upon. The two first named were harnessed and speeded upon the mile track,' and although no time was taken, it was con- ceeded by all that they showed better than a two-thirty gait. Several others were driven to harness, and satisfied everybody that the Golddusts are not only a family of very fast natural trotters, but the most stylish, trappy drivers, _ of good size and fine disposition. Bidding was quite spirited, and notwithstanding the scarcity of money the animals brought good prices generally. Mr. Dorsey only sold.about one-third of his stock, and stillTias near one hundred head of weanlings, yearlings, two-year-olds, brood mares and stallions, which he proposes to dispose of at private sale. The following is a list of the horses sold and prices realized : STALLIONS. * Emmerson Golddust, by Golddust, dam by Highland Messenger, chestnut, can trot close to 2:30, C years old $2,023 Bay, 3 years old, 15 hands high, by Golddust, dam thoroughbred by S*son of Lexington, 505 Fancy Golddust, jr., by Golddust, dam by Monsieur Tonison, thoroughbred 350 Golden Chestnut, by Willy Golddust, dam by Golddust ; 425 Black, 3 years old, by Eden Golddust 250 Brown, 3 years old, by Eden Golddust, dam by Patsy Morgan 430 Bay, 3 years old, by Fancy Golddust, dam thoroughbred 210 Dark Bay, by Billy Golddust, dam by Ole Bull.. 175 Light Sorrel, by Billy Golddust 280 Chestnut, by Billy Golddust, dam a Hambletonian mare 250 Chestnut, 2 years old, by Billy Golddust, dam thirough ired *500 Bay, by Billy uolddust, dam Mayflower 2UH Brown, by Billy Golddust, dam by Hinton's Eclipse 340 Chestnut, by Billy Golddust, dam by Hinton's Eclipse 170 Bay, by Billy Golddust, dam by Jehu 200 Chestnut, by Billy Golddust, dam thoroughbred .- 200 Chestnut, by Billy Golddust ^ 220 Bay, bv Billy Golddust, dam thoroughbred, 210 Black, by Billy Golddust, dam by Pilot 550 Chestnut, by Billy Golddust : 320 Sorrel, by Golddust, 2 years old .'. 450 Sorrel, by Golddust, 2 years old..... , 21D Bay, by Golddust, 2 years old 150 Chesnut, 2 years old, by Golddust, dam by Printer mare 190 Chestnut, 2 years old, by Golddust, dam by Edwin Forest 1,079 Brown, 2 years old 190 Pirate Golddust, chestnut, 6 years old 500 Chestnut, by Golddust, 4 yers old 200 FILLIES THREE YEAKS OLD. Sorrel, by Golddust, dam Mary Morgan 500 Chestnut, by Golddust, dam by Green Mountain Blackhawk 610 Chestnut, by Golddust 220 Chestnut, by Golddust, dam by Don Blain... 190 Brown, by Golddust, dam by Excelsior Morgan 200 Bay, by Eden Golddust 325 Brown, by Golddust 200 Brown, by Golddust 230 Brown, by Golddust 200 Bay, by Eden Golddust 230 Bay, by Golddust, dam by Lexington 480 Cream colored, 2 years old, by Golddust „ 200 Bay, 2 yearsold, by Golddust 420 Light Chestnut, 2 years old, by Golddust 450 DRIVING HORSES AND MARES. Chestnut gelding, 5 years old, by Golddust, 535 A close mate to above 310 Chestnut mare, 6 years old, by Golddust 725 Light Chestnut mare, by Golddust.... 270 Light Chestnut gelding, 16 hands high, by Billy Golddust 525 Black gelding, 2 years old 130 Total.. ....818.185 N. A. R. square, in each of which I could keep a pair of colts. I fed them during the winter upon cut feed and a few oats, just'as my horses were fed, the feed being either cut sheaf-oats or cut_ cornstalks, and meal and bran, with occasional hay* and linseed meal. I curried them daily, and gave them just as much attention as a grown horse should have, and many a poor potbellied, neglected creature, which I hA-e picked up for a song lest it might die, I nave brought round into a thrifty, flourishing young horse. When a pair matched pretty closely I put them together, and by training them during leisure times early, they were broken to light work without much trouble. What they ate was really so little that I never kept any account of it, but probably three pair of colts cost will always find that it pays to take good care of their stock, as some of onr most successful stock men say that next to having good stock is to take care of them well; and in a few years farmers who get a good stock of half-bred "Shorthorns, seeing the benefits, will grade up higher— alwaj'sl using a thoroughbred bull—until they will get a herd of high grades^ that they will be proud, of, and that will be more profitable than scrub stock, and what is true of cattle is also true of horses, sheep and hogs. We need better horses, we want more of the thoroughbred blood infused into our stock of farm horses to make them more efficient and serviceable and capable of greater endurance," and they will be more saleable and more valuable. And it shall make any repairs they may need, caused by neglect or carelessness while under the care of such railroad or company. Jt is remarked as something of a coincidence, that a car filling the above description has been patented, and that the owners of the patent, who are said to be now in the city, will have a pretty good thing of it if this bill pass. • Fish in Michigan.—A Lansing paper has the follwing in reference to an exhibition of fish given by G. H. Jerome, State Superintendent at Lansing, and what is being done to stock the waters of that State : " The California salmon on exhibition were from four months old to some just hatched out; the largest specimens be- "FOREST NAPIE-R." 11073. Imported ; three years old; owned by S. Meredith it Son, Cambridge City, Indiana. no more to keep than one pair of horses. In summer their keep was pasture with a quart of meal or oats per day only, but they were always brought into their stable at night and fed cut green fodder with the other horses. _ I kept few of them over the second. winter, having more demand for them than I cared to supply unless I got*my own price for them. I have sold a pair of very nearly matched two-year- olds, broken, _ or rather trained to drive double and single, for $500, which cost me a year and a half previously 375.00 for one and but $25.00 for the other. Their whole keep could, not have cost me over $50.00 up to the day I sold them. I give you the figures from my ledger of the cost and produce of a few of these colts taken at random; the whole list would be too long, as I had upon the average from eight to ten colts at a time : One yearling, costing S55, sold at 2 yrs old for ("125 " " " 60, '• \y, " 150 " . " " 70, "2 " 175 One weanling " 40, " 2% " 125 Two weanlings " 65, " 2)4 " 250 is now admitted by all that Western farmers cannot profitably raise any but the improved breeds^ of sheep and hogs, and we want to see this improvement extended to all stock raised on Western farms.—A. S. Journal. Number of Swine in the Western States.—It is well, occasionally, to take a statistical view of any particular product that one may have just ideas of supply and demand. We are indebted to the Department of Agriculture for the following statement of the number of swine, of all ages, in the States named, compiled from the preliminary tables of the Statistical Department, by J. R. Dodge: States. No. In 1874. Tennessee 1,420,900 West Virginia 331,000 Kentucky .2,008,0O» - A Hint to Horsemen.—Having' for several years kept mares upon my farm for the purpose of raising colts, I discovered that it was more profitable to let my neighbors keep the mares while I yet raised the colts. I found that, on the whole, the money and time expended, the risk run, and the attention needed, before the colt was able to look after itself, was the greater part of the cost of the colt until it becomes a horse. I therefore changed my plan; I disposed of my mares and got geldings for my farm work, thus getting rid of a vast deal of trouble. Then when my neighbors needed $50.00 or so at any time, which they very often did, they could always sell me a yearling colt, or at least a weaned one. It was "not long Jbefore my reputation as a buyer of colts [became spread, and I soon had my pick of Jthe colts within a dozen miles around. I imade a shed with loose boxes sixteen feet Ohio .2,017, Michigan 510,800 Indiana .2,496,700 Illinois .3,409,700 m, , , . , , , 1 Wisconsin 618,800 .The last two colts, as the one above j Minnesota 201,200 mentioned, costing $25.00, were purchased {%™0{iii •.'."JS300 from a man who used to* keep his stock in | Kansas...!'.V.'.'.'.".V.V.'.".".'.V.V.'.'.'.'.'.'.' '484|600 very poor condition, and boasted after he / Jfebjasta 128,500 had sold them that _ would have a couple Callfornia && of dead colts. The next year,- however, 1 ) Oregon 171.200 they were sold to make room for others at j j^Z^^ZZZZ^lf^m a very profitable price. I think I have given a hint to some of my brother farmers how, by keeping their eyes open, they may turn an honest _penny and accommodate their poor neighbors at the same time.' The colts will receive more attention, and consequently yield larger returns than when distributed among different farmers.—Ex. No. in 1873. . 1,590,(-00 351,000 2,113,700 2,217,000 543,500 2,713,900 3,706,300 658,400 209,600 3,847,700 2,656,500 457,200 121,300 427,300 163,300 21,783,700 ing about three inches long, while those just hatched are about half an inch in length and slender as a pin, with a little sack or egg attacted, like a kernel of pearl barley, from which the tiny fish draws its living for five weeks. The growth of these fish is so rapid that at four months old they are 15.000 times larger than when first hatched.- In California these salmon attain an enormous size, often weighing fifty pounds. At three years they weigh twelve to fifteen poupds. They are delicious eating. The other varieties exhibited were speckled trout, white fish, land-locked salmon, and Atlantic coast salmon. Mr. Jerome states that where the eggs are protected, as in the State hatchery, about 95 per cent hatch out; but where they are left in the stream as deposited, not one in five hundred ever become fish. They are devoured by fish or otherwise lost. The Fish Commission was organized under Act No. 124 of 1873, and the first distribution of fish was in May last, consisting of about well as an enterprising and successful mer-» chant. Mr. Layman has ample capital, he buys in the best markets for cash, and we have no doubt that his ripe experience and business qualifications will save many hundreds of dollars to the grangers who have conimissioned him to buy and sell dry goods and groceries for them. The plan adobted by the members of the Order in Owen county is a good one, and we commend it to others in other localities. Instead of committing the business to one whe has no experience and no business trailing, they have made arrangements to dea with an honorable and experienced mei chant, who knows how to buy low and is v illing to sell at a small profit. TIE NEW DISTRICTS AND DEPUTIES. Isend you a list of the Districts, as I haie formed them, and the Deputies ap- poi ited, as follows : ljirst District—Composed of the counties of Randolph, Jay, Adams, Allen, DeKalb, Steuben, Lagrange, Noble, Whitley, Huntington, Grant, Blackford, Wells, Delaware, Madison, Hamilton, Tipton, Howard, Miami, Kosciusko, Elkhart and Wabash, which will for the present be superintended by the Master of the State Grange, who will also, if necessary for the good of the Order, visit any part of the State. Second District—Composed of the counties of St. Joseph, Marshall, Fulton, Cass, Carroll, Clinton, Boone, Montgomery, Tippecanoe, White, Pulaski, Stark, Laporte, Porter, Jasper, Lake, Newton, Benton, Warren, Fountain; J. T. Graham, Deputy, Crawfordsville. Third District—Composed of the counties of Hendricks, Putnam, Park, Vermillion, Vigo, Clay, Owen, Morgan, Monroe, Greene, Sullivan, Knox. Da vies, Lawrence, Orange, Dubois, Pike,Gibson, Posey, Vanderburg, Warrick, Spencer, Perry, Crawford and Martin ; R. M. Hazlett, Deputy, Greencastle, Putnam county. ; Fourth District—Composed of the counties of Harrison, Floyd, Clark, Washington, Scott, Jefferson, Switzerland, Ohio, Dearborn, Ripley, Jennings, Jackson, Brown, Bartholomew, Decatur, Franklin, Union, Fayette, Rush, Shelby, Johnson, Harfcock and Wayne; J. Q. A. Newsom, Deputy, Elizabethtown, Bartholomew county. » I also recommend Bro. E. A. Olleman, of tho Indiana Farmer, as _ being fully competent to give instruction in the work of tile Order. II. James; M. Ind. S. G. P. of H. Marion, Ind., May 11. • [For the Indiana Farmer. HARD TIMES. If we buy more than we sell, we are as much poorer as the quantity that we purchase exceeds what we sell. " Always taking out of the meal tub and never putting in brings us to the bottom," is an old adage, but nevertheless true. We will give a few items. During the past winter we have sold more onions, shipped from Liverpool—grown upon land worth, perhaps, $500peracre, shipped three thousand miles by water and a thousand by land—than we have sold of onions grown in our own 40,000 Atlantic salmon in different riversi' State. If our own State has consumed Improved Stock— Hioh Grades.— That improved stock will pay should no longer be a matter of doubt by intelligent farmers, when we consider that the world moves, that improvement is the order of this day and age. If our farmers do not improve their stock they will fall behind hand, for the time has come when the stock is the main stay on the farm; raising corn and oats don't pay the actual expense of production, unless it is marketed through stock, and to successfully compete in the stock markets against Kentucky and the East, our Western States must have improved stock. It may not be, practical for all farmers to raise thoroughbred _ cattle, but we must insist that it is both "practical and profitable for the Western farmers to improve their stock, and instead of the common scrub stock raise high grades. A half- bred Durham steer is pre-eminently better for beef than a common scrub, will always command a higher price, will mature earlier, and is sufficiently hardy to take the ordinary treatment of the common stock of the farm, although farmers Amendments to the Law to Prevent Cruelty to animals in Transit.—The House Committee on "Agriculture have agreed to a bill amending tho law of March 3,1873, to prevent cruelty to animals while in transit, by railroad or other means of transportation. The amendments consist of provisions that the cattle need not be unloaded for food and rest, as contemplated by the law, if they are carried in cars in which they can have proper food, water, space and opportunity for rest; and that all railroad companies of. the United States shall convey over their roads any car or cars belonging to individuals or companies, that are in good running order, and are so arranged that the animals have space for rest, and can be lightly fed and watered while confined therein; and shall afford all reasonable facilities for watering the same at least twice in every twenty-four hours, at suitable intervals or places along tho line of the'road ;*and shall convey them, in a safe and careful manner, with the same dispatch that such company move their own cars loaded with like freight; and they may charge the same rates for freight for moving the same frora plaee to place that they charge other shippers using the cars belonging to the Company, and no more, directly or indirectly: and they shall pay the owners of the cars thus furnished a fair and reasonable mileage for the use of the same while loaded, and return them unloaded without unnecessary delay; and ofthe State. In June about 300,000 shad were placed in various rivers. The only lake in which these shad were placed is Long Lake in Kalamazoo county, which received 10,000. During the past winter they have hatched 1,500,000 white fish, which are now ready for distribution. They also obtained 80,000 California salmon eggs, which were taken from McCloud river, a tributary ofthe Sacramento. These eggs were hatched at the private hatchery of Jackson_ Crouch, near Jackson. They were deposited, in December and January last, as follows: 15,000 in the headwaters of the St. Joseph, 15,000 in the Kalamazoo, 30,000 in Grand River, 3,000 ip Gull Lake, Kalamazoo county. Jackson Crouch retains about 2,000, subject to the orders of the Commission, and there are about 1,000 at the State hatchery, #rhich Mr. Jerome retains in order to watch their growth and habits. In the State hatchery there are also 185,000 Atlantic salmon eggs, which are now hatching a.t the rate of about 10,000 per day. He has placed the eggs of 4,000 or 5,000 land-locked salmon in the hatchery. Parties interested in fish culture in different parts of the State have sent him descriptions of one hundred and sixty lakes, which have already been registered by the Commission. Mr. Jerome is collecting data for a map of the small lakes of the State. ■ ■» » : We notice that our old friend, Mr. T. D. Layman, has been appointed to conduct a grange store at Quincy, Owen county, Ind., and we take pleasure in commending him to the members of the Order in Owen and Morgan counties as the right man in the right place. We have had an intimate acquaintance with Mr. Layman for nearly twenty years, and know him to be a thoroughly honest and reliable gentleman, as 20,000 bbls. of onions, at an average of $5 per bbl., it makes the sum of $100,000. Potatoes, we will probably consume this year 150,000 bush, more than we have grown, at an average cost of $1 per bush., making the nice Tittle sum of $150,000; dried beans and apples, $50,000; dried corn, $25,000; canned corn, probably $25,000; canned small berries and tomatoes, $100,- 000 ; pickles, $50,000. During this winter a large amount of butter has been shipped to this State from Ohio and Michigan, amounting to thousands of dollars. Our cheese comes principally from other States —Ohio sending us the most—which costs at least $100,000 annually, and yet we have every facility formaking butter and cheese, for in a considerable portion of the State the finest grass and water may be had. Nursery stock, and trees bought from nursery agencies, frequently not reliable, say $50,000more. So we might add many others, but these are sufficient for this article. We have named enough to aggregate a half million, which enterprise in farming and gardening might save_ to our own State. The variety of soil, climate, and the general fertility of the State would enable us, with enterprise, to save double the above amount of money if we will. We can grow potatoes, onions, beans, apples, corn to dry and.can, pickels and small berries, .butter and cheese. We complain of a want of currency to develop the resources of the country, and high freights and monopolies, of which we have a just right to complain. If we are buyers in the markets, of products that a little enterprise might produce, it becomes us to begin at home to remedy the hardships of which we complain. A farmer who has nothing/ to sell is a long way from market, and if - he becomes a consumer; his case is more helpless still. That which is true of individuals is measurably true of communities, sections and States. J. J. W. Billingsley, ^T*. ■3^
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1874, v. 09, no. 19 (May 16) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA0919 |
Date of Original | 1874 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2010-09-30 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | Vol. LI. nroi/mAPOii^-iroiAiTA, may ie, 1874 Ho. 19, Live Stock. [For the Indiana Farmer. KENTUCKY STOCK SALE. '. In company with several gentlemen of Indianapolis I went to Jefferson county, Kentucky, to attend the great sale of Golddust horses, by L. L. Dorsey, which took place on his extensive stock farm, eight miles from Louisville, on the' 6th inst. The day was beautiful, and on our arrival at the farm, we found from a thousand to fifteen hundred people assembled, representing nearly every State in the Union. At half-past ten o'clock, before the sale commenced, the aged stallions and trained horses were led out for the inspection and admiration of the crowd; Zilcadie, Emmerson, Maroon,'Ede_, Fancy, and Glencoe Golddust—stallions and fast trotters—were firs£ shown, and more magnificent specimens of the equine family it has never been our lot to look upon. The two first named were harnessed and speeded upon the mile track,' and although no time was taken, it was con- ceeded by all that they showed better than a two-thirty gait. Several others were driven to harness, and satisfied everybody that the Golddusts are not only a family of very fast natural trotters, but the most stylish, trappy drivers, _ of good size and fine disposition. Bidding was quite spirited, and notwithstanding the scarcity of money the animals brought good prices generally. Mr. Dorsey only sold.about one-third of his stock, and stillTias near one hundred head of weanlings, yearlings, two-year-olds, brood mares and stallions, which he proposes to dispose of at private sale. The following is a list of the horses sold and prices realized : STALLIONS. * Emmerson Golddust, by Golddust, dam by Highland Messenger, chestnut, can trot close to 2:30, C years old $2,023 Bay, 3 years old, 15 hands high, by Golddust, dam thoroughbred by S*son of Lexington, 505 Fancy Golddust, jr., by Golddust, dam by Monsieur Tonison, thoroughbred 350 Golden Chestnut, by Willy Golddust, dam by Golddust ; 425 Black, 3 years old, by Eden Golddust 250 Brown, 3 years old, by Eden Golddust, dam by Patsy Morgan 430 Bay, 3 years old, by Fancy Golddust, dam thoroughbred 210 Dark Bay, by Billy Golddust, dam by Ole Bull.. 175 Light Sorrel, by Billy Golddust 280 Chestnut, by Billy Golddust, dam a Hambletonian mare 250 Chestnut, 2 years old, by Billy Golddust, dam thirough ired *500 Bay, by Billy uolddust, dam Mayflower 2UH Brown, by Billy Golddust, dam by Hinton's Eclipse 340 Chestnut, by Billy Golddust, dam by Hinton's Eclipse 170 Bay, by Billy Golddust, dam by Jehu 200 Chestnut, by Billy Golddust, dam thoroughbred .- 200 Chestnut, by Billy Golddust ^ 220 Bay, bv Billy Golddust, dam thoroughbred, 210 Black, by Billy Golddust, dam by Pilot 550 Chestnut, by Billy Golddust : 320 Sorrel, by Golddust, 2 years old .'. 450 Sorrel, by Golddust, 2 years old..... , 21D Bay, by Golddust, 2 years old 150 Chesnut, 2 years old, by Golddust, dam by Printer mare 190 Chestnut, 2 years old, by Golddust, dam by Edwin Forest 1,079 Brown, 2 years old 190 Pirate Golddust, chestnut, 6 years old 500 Chestnut, by Golddust, 4 yers old 200 FILLIES THREE YEAKS OLD. Sorrel, by Golddust, dam Mary Morgan 500 Chestnut, by Golddust, dam by Green Mountain Blackhawk 610 Chestnut, by Golddust 220 Chestnut, by Golddust, dam by Don Blain... 190 Brown, by Golddust, dam by Excelsior Morgan 200 Bay, by Eden Golddust 325 Brown, by Golddust 200 Brown, by Golddust 230 Brown, by Golddust 200 Bay, by Eden Golddust 230 Bay, by Golddust, dam by Lexington 480 Cream colored, 2 years old, by Golddust „ 200 Bay, 2 yearsold, by Golddust 420 Light Chestnut, 2 years old, by Golddust 450 DRIVING HORSES AND MARES. Chestnut gelding, 5 years old, by Golddust, 535 A close mate to above 310 Chestnut mare, 6 years old, by Golddust 725 Light Chestnut mare, by Golddust.... 270 Light Chestnut gelding, 16 hands high, by Billy Golddust 525 Black gelding, 2 years old 130 Total.. ....818.185 N. A. R. square, in each of which I could keep a pair of colts. I fed them during the winter upon cut feed and a few oats, just'as my horses were fed, the feed being either cut sheaf-oats or cut_ cornstalks, and meal and bran, with occasional hay* and linseed meal. I curried them daily, and gave them just as much attention as a grown horse should have, and many a poor potbellied, neglected creature, which I hA-e picked up for a song lest it might die, I nave brought round into a thrifty, flourishing young horse. When a pair matched pretty closely I put them together, and by training them during leisure times early, they were broken to light work without much trouble. What they ate was really so little that I never kept any account of it, but probably three pair of colts cost will always find that it pays to take good care of their stock, as some of onr most successful stock men say that next to having good stock is to take care of them well; and in a few years farmers who get a good stock of half-bred "Shorthorns, seeing the benefits, will grade up higher— alwaj'sl using a thoroughbred bull—until they will get a herd of high grades^ that they will be proud, of, and that will be more profitable than scrub stock, and what is true of cattle is also true of horses, sheep and hogs. We need better horses, we want more of the thoroughbred blood infused into our stock of farm horses to make them more efficient and serviceable and capable of greater endurance," and they will be more saleable and more valuable. And it shall make any repairs they may need, caused by neglect or carelessness while under the care of such railroad or company. Jt is remarked as something of a coincidence, that a car filling the above description has been patented, and that the owners of the patent, who are said to be now in the city, will have a pretty good thing of it if this bill pass. • Fish in Michigan.—A Lansing paper has the follwing in reference to an exhibition of fish given by G. H. Jerome, State Superintendent at Lansing, and what is being done to stock the waters of that State : " The California salmon on exhibition were from four months old to some just hatched out; the largest specimens be- "FOREST NAPIE-R." 11073. Imported ; three years old; owned by S. Meredith it Son, Cambridge City, Indiana. no more to keep than one pair of horses. In summer their keep was pasture with a quart of meal or oats per day only, but they were always brought into their stable at night and fed cut green fodder with the other horses. _ I kept few of them over the second. winter, having more demand for them than I cared to supply unless I got*my own price for them. I have sold a pair of very nearly matched two-year- olds, broken, _ or rather trained to drive double and single, for $500, which cost me a year and a half previously 375.00 for one and but $25.00 for the other. Their whole keep could, not have cost me over $50.00 up to the day I sold them. I give you the figures from my ledger of the cost and produce of a few of these colts taken at random; the whole list would be too long, as I had upon the average from eight to ten colts at a time : One yearling, costing S55, sold at 2 yrs old for ("125 " " " 60, '• \y, " 150 " . " " 70, "2 " 175 One weanling " 40, " 2% " 125 Two weanlings " 65, " 2)4 " 250 is now admitted by all that Western farmers cannot profitably raise any but the improved breeds^ of sheep and hogs, and we want to see this improvement extended to all stock raised on Western farms.—A. S. Journal. Number of Swine in the Western States.—It is well, occasionally, to take a statistical view of any particular product that one may have just ideas of supply and demand. We are indebted to the Department of Agriculture for the following statement of the number of swine, of all ages, in the States named, compiled from the preliminary tables of the Statistical Department, by J. R. Dodge: States. No. In 1874. Tennessee 1,420,900 West Virginia 331,000 Kentucky .2,008,0O» - A Hint to Horsemen.—Having' for several years kept mares upon my farm for the purpose of raising colts, I discovered that it was more profitable to let my neighbors keep the mares while I yet raised the colts. I found that, on the whole, the money and time expended, the risk run, and the attention needed, before the colt was able to look after itself, was the greater part of the cost of the colt until it becomes a horse. I therefore changed my plan; I disposed of my mares and got geldings for my farm work, thus getting rid of a vast deal of trouble. Then when my neighbors needed $50.00 or so at any time, which they very often did, they could always sell me a yearling colt, or at least a weaned one. It was "not long Jbefore my reputation as a buyer of colts [became spread, and I soon had my pick of Jthe colts within a dozen miles around. I imade a shed with loose boxes sixteen feet Ohio .2,017, Michigan 510,800 Indiana .2,496,700 Illinois .3,409,700 m, , , . , , , 1 Wisconsin 618,800 .The last two colts, as the one above j Minnesota 201,200 mentioned, costing $25.00, were purchased {%™0{iii •.'."JS300 from a man who used to* keep his stock in | Kansas...!'.V.'.'.'.".V.V.'.".".'.V.V.'.'.'.'.'.'.' '484|600 very poor condition, and boasted after he / Jfebjasta 128,500 had sold them that _ would have a couple Callfornia && of dead colts. The next year,- however, 1 ) Oregon 171.200 they were sold to make room for others at j j^Z^^ZZZZ^lf^m a very profitable price. I think I have given a hint to some of my brother farmers how, by keeping their eyes open, they may turn an honest _penny and accommodate their poor neighbors at the same time.' The colts will receive more attention, and consequently yield larger returns than when distributed among different farmers.—Ex. No. in 1873. . 1,590,(-00 351,000 2,113,700 2,217,000 543,500 2,713,900 3,706,300 658,400 209,600 3,847,700 2,656,500 457,200 121,300 427,300 163,300 21,783,700 ing about three inches long, while those just hatched are about half an inch in length and slender as a pin, with a little sack or egg attacted, like a kernel of pearl barley, from which the tiny fish draws its living for five weeks. The growth of these fish is so rapid that at four months old they are 15.000 times larger than when first hatched.- In California these salmon attain an enormous size, often weighing fifty pounds. At three years they weigh twelve to fifteen poupds. They are delicious eating. The other varieties exhibited were speckled trout, white fish, land-locked salmon, and Atlantic coast salmon. Mr. Jerome states that where the eggs are protected, as in the State hatchery, about 95 per cent hatch out; but where they are left in the stream as deposited, not one in five hundred ever become fish. They are devoured by fish or otherwise lost. The Fish Commission was organized under Act No. 124 of 1873, and the first distribution of fish was in May last, consisting of about well as an enterprising and successful mer-» chant. Mr. Layman has ample capital, he buys in the best markets for cash, and we have no doubt that his ripe experience and business qualifications will save many hundreds of dollars to the grangers who have conimissioned him to buy and sell dry goods and groceries for them. The plan adobted by the members of the Order in Owen county is a good one, and we commend it to others in other localities. Instead of committing the business to one whe has no experience and no business trailing, they have made arrangements to dea with an honorable and experienced mei chant, who knows how to buy low and is v illing to sell at a small profit. TIE NEW DISTRICTS AND DEPUTIES. Isend you a list of the Districts, as I haie formed them, and the Deputies ap- poi ited, as follows : ljirst District—Composed of the counties of Randolph, Jay, Adams, Allen, DeKalb, Steuben, Lagrange, Noble, Whitley, Huntington, Grant, Blackford, Wells, Delaware, Madison, Hamilton, Tipton, Howard, Miami, Kosciusko, Elkhart and Wabash, which will for the present be superintended by the Master of the State Grange, who will also, if necessary for the good of the Order, visit any part of the State. Second District—Composed of the counties of St. Joseph, Marshall, Fulton, Cass, Carroll, Clinton, Boone, Montgomery, Tippecanoe, White, Pulaski, Stark, Laporte, Porter, Jasper, Lake, Newton, Benton, Warren, Fountain; J. T. Graham, Deputy, Crawfordsville. Third District—Composed of the counties of Hendricks, Putnam, Park, Vermillion, Vigo, Clay, Owen, Morgan, Monroe, Greene, Sullivan, Knox. Da vies, Lawrence, Orange, Dubois, Pike,Gibson, Posey, Vanderburg, Warrick, Spencer, Perry, Crawford and Martin ; R. M. Hazlett, Deputy, Greencastle, Putnam county. ; Fourth District—Composed of the counties of Harrison, Floyd, Clark, Washington, Scott, Jefferson, Switzerland, Ohio, Dearborn, Ripley, Jennings, Jackson, Brown, Bartholomew, Decatur, Franklin, Union, Fayette, Rush, Shelby, Johnson, Harfcock and Wayne; J. Q. A. Newsom, Deputy, Elizabethtown, Bartholomew county. » I also recommend Bro. E. A. Olleman, of tho Indiana Farmer, as _ being fully competent to give instruction in the work of tile Order. II. James; M. Ind. S. G. P. of H. Marion, Ind., May 11. • [For the Indiana Farmer. HARD TIMES. If we buy more than we sell, we are as much poorer as the quantity that we purchase exceeds what we sell. " Always taking out of the meal tub and never putting in brings us to the bottom," is an old adage, but nevertheless true. We will give a few items. During the past winter we have sold more onions, shipped from Liverpool—grown upon land worth, perhaps, $500peracre, shipped three thousand miles by water and a thousand by land—than we have sold of onions grown in our own 40,000 Atlantic salmon in different riversi' State. If our own State has consumed Improved Stock— Hioh Grades.— That improved stock will pay should no longer be a matter of doubt by intelligent farmers, when we consider that the world moves, that improvement is the order of this day and age. If our farmers do not improve their stock they will fall behind hand, for the time has come when the stock is the main stay on the farm; raising corn and oats don't pay the actual expense of production, unless it is marketed through stock, and to successfully compete in the stock markets against Kentucky and the East, our Western States must have improved stock. It may not be, practical for all farmers to raise thoroughbred _ cattle, but we must insist that it is both "practical and profitable for the Western farmers to improve their stock, and instead of the common scrub stock raise high grades. A half- bred Durham steer is pre-eminently better for beef than a common scrub, will always command a higher price, will mature earlier, and is sufficiently hardy to take the ordinary treatment of the common stock of the farm, although farmers Amendments to the Law to Prevent Cruelty to animals in Transit.—The House Committee on "Agriculture have agreed to a bill amending tho law of March 3,1873, to prevent cruelty to animals while in transit, by railroad or other means of transportation. The amendments consist of provisions that the cattle need not be unloaded for food and rest, as contemplated by the law, if they are carried in cars in which they can have proper food, water, space and opportunity for rest; and that all railroad companies of. the United States shall convey over their roads any car or cars belonging to individuals or companies, that are in good running order, and are so arranged that the animals have space for rest, and can be lightly fed and watered while confined therein; and shall afford all reasonable facilities for watering the same at least twice in every twenty-four hours, at suitable intervals or places along tho line of the'road ;*and shall convey them, in a safe and careful manner, with the same dispatch that such company move their own cars loaded with like freight; and they may charge the same rates for freight for moving the same frora plaee to place that they charge other shippers using the cars belonging to the Company, and no more, directly or indirectly: and they shall pay the owners of the cars thus furnished a fair and reasonable mileage for the use of the same while loaded, and return them unloaded without unnecessary delay; and ofthe State. In June about 300,000 shad were placed in various rivers. The only lake in which these shad were placed is Long Lake in Kalamazoo county, which received 10,000. During the past winter they have hatched 1,500,000 white fish, which are now ready for distribution. They also obtained 80,000 California salmon eggs, which were taken from McCloud river, a tributary ofthe Sacramento. These eggs were hatched at the private hatchery of Jackson_ Crouch, near Jackson. They were deposited, in December and January last, as follows: 15,000 in the headwaters of the St. Joseph, 15,000 in the Kalamazoo, 30,000 in Grand River, 3,000 ip Gull Lake, Kalamazoo county. Jackson Crouch retains about 2,000, subject to the orders of the Commission, and there are about 1,000 at the State hatchery, #rhich Mr. Jerome retains in order to watch their growth and habits. In the State hatchery there are also 185,000 Atlantic salmon eggs, which are now hatching a.t the rate of about 10,000 per day. He has placed the eggs of 4,000 or 5,000 land-locked salmon in the hatchery. Parties interested in fish culture in different parts of the State have sent him descriptions of one hundred and sixty lakes, which have already been registered by the Commission. Mr. Jerome is collecting data for a map of the small lakes of the State. ■ ■» » : We notice that our old friend, Mr. T. D. Layman, has been appointed to conduct a grange store at Quincy, Owen county, Ind., and we take pleasure in commending him to the members of the Order in Owen and Morgan counties as the right man in the right place. We have had an intimate acquaintance with Mr. Layman for nearly twenty years, and know him to be a thoroughly honest and reliable gentleman, as 20,000 bbls. of onions, at an average of $5 per bbl., it makes the sum of $100,000. Potatoes, we will probably consume this year 150,000 bush, more than we have grown, at an average cost of $1 per bush., making the nice Tittle sum of $150,000; dried beans and apples, $50,000; dried corn, $25,000; canned corn, probably $25,000; canned small berries and tomatoes, $100,- 000 ; pickles, $50,000. During this winter a large amount of butter has been shipped to this State from Ohio and Michigan, amounting to thousands of dollars. Our cheese comes principally from other States —Ohio sending us the most—which costs at least $100,000 annually, and yet we have every facility formaking butter and cheese, for in a considerable portion of the State the finest grass and water may be had. Nursery stock, and trees bought from nursery agencies, frequently not reliable, say $50,000more. So we might add many others, but these are sufficient for this article. We have named enough to aggregate a half million, which enterprise in farming and gardening might save_ to our own State. The variety of soil, climate, and the general fertility of the State would enable us, with enterprise, to save double the above amount of money if we will. We can grow potatoes, onions, beans, apples, corn to dry and.can, pickels and small berries, .butter and cheese. We complain of a want of currency to develop the resources of the country, and high freights and monopolies, of which we have a just right to complain. If we are buyers in the markets, of products that a little enterprise might produce, it becomes us to begin at home to remedy the hardships of which we complain. A farmer who has nothing/ to sell is a long way from market, and if - he becomes a consumer; his case is more helpless still. That which is true of individuals is measurably true of communities, sections and States. J. J. W. Billingsley, ^T*. ■3^ |
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