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Yol. IX. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, MARCH 21, 1874. No. 11. Patrons of Huslmmlrjr. THE ORDER AT HOME AND ABROAD. Died.—David J. Davidson, of Jackson Grange, Tippecanoe county. Thf. Executive Committee of the State Grange will meet in this city April 7th. * « Secretaries can get roll-books and blanks for quarterly reports free, on application to M. M. Moody, Secretary of State Grange, Muneie, Ind. * • Perry Grange, No. G55, reports itself in good working order, with fifty-two members, and twenty-three candidates awaiting admission. • Center Grange, No. 364, at a recent meeting adopted the following preamble and resolution: Whereas, Our sister, Sarah Harvey, and brothers Caleb J. and John C. Harvey, having been severely visited by the destruction of their house and home by the devouring element, fire; therefore, Resolved, That we, the members of Center Grange No. 3(11, hereby tender to each of them our united sympathy, and assure to them all the consolation and assistance in our power. Richard G. Chasjias, Sec'y. Boone County Council meets at Lebanon, Saturday, March 21st. Vigo County Council was organized March 3d, with sixteen granges represented. Joseph Gilbert, Master, and II. D. Scott, Secretary. P. 0. Terre Haute. Gibson County has organized a Council with twenty or more granges. J. Pr McClure, Master, Newton Skelton, Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Shelby County Council elected their officers, as follows: J. S. Thomas, Master; Isom Wray, Secretary; Thomas Stephens, Agent; P. 0. Shelbyville. Eighteen Granges were represented. To All Grangers.—I see in your issue of the 28th ult., Mr. Parrott's letter in answer to one previously published by myself. Mr. P. says in his letter to the Indiana Farmer that I did not write as if I belonged to any organization of Grangers. Now, Mr. P., I want you to have my letter published in the Indiana Parmer, that the world may know what I did write to you. If you were a reader of the Farmer, you would know what the world does think. Your opinion of me is quite unimportant as compared with the opinions of the thousands who have endorsed our action. Any man who has so little respect for the Patrons ofHusbandryasyou nave manifested, should not be patronized by any Granger. Leander Fox, Sec'y Noah Grange. Shelby Co., Ind., March 'Sd, 1874. New Granges.—The following is a list ofthe new granges organized since our last report: State Line Grange—Caleb Shera, M.; Daniel Shera, Sec: postoffice, College Corner, Ohio. Walnut Grange—H P Allen, M.; Geo W Liner, Sec.; postoffice, Heelsville. Putnam. Perseverance Grange—A W Stewart, M.J L H Faucett, Sec: postoflice, Shoals, Martin. Liberty Grange—J B Longnecker, M.; Isaiah Oren, Sec: postoflice, Snow Hill, Randolph. Wayne Grange—Elam J Brown, M.j Henry Hill, Sec; postoffice, Richmond, Wayne. Excelsior Grange—Peter M Ellis, M.j C C Saxton, Sec; postoflice, White Water, Wayne. Flora Grange—Jacob Shafer, M.; Wilson W Shafer, Sec; postoiiice, Sardinia, Decatur. Aerie Grange—Wm II Tyner, M.j E S Frailey, Sec; postoflice, Forest Hill, Decatur. Smedley Grange—Christian Prow, M.j postoffice, Campbellsburg; John W Smedley, Sec; post- office, Hern-en, Washington. Cllne Grange—Z Cline, M.j Charles Thompson, Sec; postoflice, Flora, Carroll. Economy Grange—Win McLaughlin, Mi; post- office, Portland; Wm M Hutzler, Sec; postoffice, Green, Jay. West Grove Grange—Lorenzo D Lewis, M.j J A Brown, Sec; postoffice, Balbec, Jay. Liberty Grange—Adam Burr, M.; postoffice, Jordan ; Benj F Hammond, Sec; postoffice, Salamo- nle. Jay. Mill Creek Grange-Simon Wheeler, M.j D H Rush, Sec; postoffice, Blue Grass, Fulton. Tippecanoe Grange—Martin Sturgeon, M.j AV M Hay, Sec; postoffice, Maxln Luckee. Fulton. Union Grange—James Wolfeale, M.; W Z New- hard, Sec; postoflice, Osslan, Wells. Rock Creek Grange—Chas Ellingham, M.j Daniel J Highlan, Sec; postoffice, Barber's Mills. Wells. Murray Grange—M C Chalfaut, M.j G Wooley, Sec; postoiliee, Murray, Wells. Greenwood Grange—R P Onden, M.j L F Chalfaut, Sec; postoffice, Osslan, Wells. Salem Grange—Thomas Z Sowards, M.; Oliver P Garter, Sec; postoffice, lilufftou, Wells. Ceres Grange—Robert B Colvin, M.; II F Wood, Sec; postoffice, New Washington, Clarke. Clay Grange—Sam Hargrave, M.j Jasper Davidson, Sec; postoflice. Union, Pike, i Paciflic Grange—T II Brown, M.; C C Haggart, i Sec; postoffice, Winslow, Pike. i Leoti Grange—W Luttrell, M; W W Woolsy.Sec; I postoffice, Pikevllle, Pike. I Winslow Grange—J W Narington, M; O P De- 1 Bruler, Sec; postoffice, Winslow, Pike. Prairie Grange—A Wilson, M; J V Wilhelm, See; postoffice, Peru, Miami. Stanford Grange—.! S Walker, M: W 11 Roseber- ry. See; postoiiice, Bloomington, Monroe. Lincoln Grange—II C Ward, Si; M SI Richardson, Sec; postoffice, Oakland City, Gibson. Pilgrim Grange—B J Stewart, SI; J It Bowman, Sec; postoffice, Petersburg, Pike. Butler Grange—A J Dunning, M; J W Little, Sec: postoiiice, Petersburg, Pike. Blue Ridge Grange—James Mldkiff, M; Jackson Baker, Sec; postoffice, Blue Ridge, Shelby. Riley Grange—D M Wallace, SI; Thos Whitney, Sec; postoffice, Riley, Vigo. Beech Grove Grange—II II Hyatt, SI; J T King, Sec; postoffice, Benliam's Store, Riplev. Crcsur Creek Grunge—J It Miller, SI; J L Rand, Sec; postoflici1, Farmers' Retreat, Dearborn. New Winchester Grange—Henry VIckery, SI; James Bowen, Sec; postoffice, New Winchester, Hendricks. Pleasant Valley Grange—Porch, Sf; postoffice, Ash by Mills; W W Ewing, Sec; postoiiice, Ladoga, Slontgomery. Goodwill Grange—B II Banner, SI; Thos V SIc- Counell, Sec; postoffice, Morristown, Shelby. Johnson Grange—HL Wisehart,Sec; postoffice, I efits to growing crops resulting from its UBu^ett'sCOTne?C.*rnnge-IIiram Weaver, Sec;: presence in the soil is owing in part to this postoffice, Burgett's Corner, Clinton. \ power of absorbing the various fertilizing se*c' postofflce^'W^y Rush Mi Truman Elstun' j gases of the air which it readily yields up ' Curtis Grange—Andrew S* Baldon, SI, Peter S4 to the roots of the plant. A soil therefore that contains a large quantity of this car Curtis, Sec; postoflice, Hall, Slorgan. Sand Creek Grange—Nelson Cramer, SI; David Bothwell.Sec; postoflice, Slartinsville, Slorgan. Paragon Grange- IIC Hodges, SI; Uriah II Farr, Sec; postoffice, Paragon, Morgan. Brooklyn Grange—John SI Furgarson, SI; Scott W Stafford, Sec; postoffice, Brooklyn, Slorgan. Star Grange—Jos Bradley, SI; Wm M Welman, Hoc; postoffice, Hall, Slorgan. Herbtmont Grange—It S Wooden, SI; Thomas Dixon, Sec; postoflice, Herbemont, Slorgan. Beech Grove Grange—Ephrain SI. Voshell, M; L SI Slarsh, Sec; postoffice, Herbemont, Slorgan., _ , - Center Point Grange—Win II Shields, SI; Wm I ponent parts ot the Sap. A Shoemaker, Sec; i>ostofflee, Alaska, Slorgan. West Liberty ('range—Wm Lietman, SI; J B Hazel wood ,Scc, postoffice, Center Valley, Slorgan. New Discovery Grange—W Overpeck, M; Lieius I Goss, Sec; postoiiice, Bellmore, Parke. bonaeeouS matter will, other things being equal, furnish a larger amount of many other elements of plant food than one containing less of it. This substance is taken up by the roots of plants either in a fluid state being de- solved in water and carried up into the circulation of the plant as one of the component parts of the sap. Or it may retain its gasseous form and by mingling with the sap be thus carried into the vascular system of the plant. The question as to which of these forms it assumes when If but a small percent, of this is derived from the soil it is evident that soil must be either replenished or it will be exhausted] be it ever so fertile. L. J. Tesiplin. [For tho Indiana Farmer. BEAUTIFUL HOMES. "HOOSIER LADY." Berkshire Sow at seventeen months old, (.Sire and Dam both Imported from England,) and two of her Pigs. Barker, Thorntown, Boone county, Indiana. The property of I. N. East Enterprise Grange—Robt Bovard, SI; Hosier Keeney, Sec; postoffice, Quercus Grove, Switzerland. Oak Grange—E P Goddard, M: Benj F Keeney, Sec; postoffice, Quercus Grove, Switzerland. Darius Grange—Sam'l Losteeter, M; R T Butler, Sec: postoffice, Patriot, Switzerland. Blooming Grove Grange—P D Harvey, M; W N Williams, Sec; postoflice, Blooming Grove, Franklin. Bellair Grange—Jacob Chase, M; J D Frazier, Sec; postoflice, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn. Pleasant Hill Grange—T H Waggener, SI; postoflice, White Hall, Owen. Paddock Grange—W K Weeres, M; John West, Sec; postoffice, Liberty, Union. Moorefleld Grange—James Culbertson, M; W J Adams, Sec; postoffice. Pleasant, Switzerland. Lawrence Grange—N C Plummer, SI; G W Bo- lander, Sec; postoflice, Oaklandon. Marion. Pomona Grange—Isaac N Koons, SI; Jno C Lew- man, Sec; postoffice, Charleston, Clarke. Posey Grange—Slelvin Cole, Si; J G Cole, Sec; postoffice, Bentonvllle, Fayette. Washington Grange—D S Lee, M; Chas SI Gress, Sec; postoffice, Slllton, Wayne. Perry Grange—Enos Veal, M; Edward Forest, Sec; postoffice, Hagerstown, Wayne. Sletamora Grange—J Barnes, SI; W SI Barnes, Sec; postoffice, Sletamora, Franklin. Franklin Grange—W J Templeton, SI; D W S Templeton, Sec; postoffice, Brookville, Franklin. Walnut Grange—II P Allen, SI; George W Slner, Sec, postoffice, Reelsville, Putnam. Little Jlount Grange—J II Bennett, SI, M D Wilson, Sec; postoffice, Gosport, Owen. Taylor Grange— B Slugg, SI; J S Slontgomery, Sec; postoflice, Quincy, Owen. Cloverdale Grange—IIII Martin, M; J BSacket, Sec; postoflice, Cloverdale, Putnam. Hoosier Grange—Jno Pell, SI; Wm Hadley, Sec; postoffice, Lena, Clay. Flora Grange—W C SfcSIillen, SI; J F Hodges, See, postoflice, Charlestown, Clarke. Elm Grove Grange—Jos Jackson, M; RH Swan, Sec: postoffice, Sletamora, Franklin. Sletamora Grange—Jno Barnes, SI; W SI Barnes, Sec; postoffice, Sletamora, Franklin. Columbia Grange—W B Walden, SI; E II Slar- shall, Sec; postoffice, Ellettsville, Slonroe. Holman Grange—Richard Piatt, SI; J B Kennedy, Sec; postoffice, Manchester, Dearborn. Oakland Grange—Jessee L Holman, M; A F Bruce, Sec; postoffice, Aurora, Dearborn. Slahalasville Grange^Ios Taggart, SI: David SI Gibbs, Sec; postoflice, Slahalasville, Slorgan. Indian Creek Grange—Jno Shar, SI; Jno C Duncan, Sec; postoffice, Slartinsville, Slorgan. Sit. Olive Grange—W SI Bradley, SI; W A Dilley, Sec; postoiiice, Slartinsville, Slorgan. Frankfort Grange—Sam Klger, SI; JNArmin- trout.Sec; postoffice, Frankfort, Clinton. Sedalia Grange—J S Hays, SI; G M Sloffitt, Sec; postoffice, Sedalia, Clinton. Friendship Grange—F SI Nixon, SI; G W Smith, Sec; postoiiice, Slichigantown, Clinton. Centre Grange—Thos Lee, Si; J D Norrls, Sec; postoffice, Frankfort, Clinton. Hope Grange—Thos Hutchinson, SI; Geo Slayer, Sec; postoffice, Frankfort, Clinton. Slount Hope Grange—W F Jackson, SI; R E Thompson, Sec; postoffice, Sloran, Clinton. Middle Prairie Grange—Sliles Runk, Sec; post- office, Rusiaville, Howard. Union Grange—W S Auble, Sec; postoffice, Mor- tonsville, Clinton. [For the Indiana Farmer. EXHAUSTION OF SOILS. Number Two. In order to fully understand the damaging effects of continued cropping on our soils it will be necessary to enquire briefly in regard to the nature and source of the plant food composing our crop. When any vegetable substance is burned in the open air, a very large per cent, of it disappears in the form of gases and mingles with the air. A small portion is left in the form of ash. This latter is composed of the inorganic constituents of plants, while that which disappears is termed the organic elements. The fact that every farmer should learn is that the presence of these various substances in the soil is essential to the profitable growth of his cultivated crops. They are the food of these crops, and it might be as reasonable to expect his living animals to live and thrive without food suited to their nature as to expect his plants, which are living beings, to thrive without their proper nourishment. In treating this subject I wish to offer some reflections on the nature, properties and sources of the various kinds of plant food that enter into the composition of our cultivated plants. About one-half of most vegetable substances when free from water consists of carbon, more known in the form of charcoal than in any other form. Black lead and the diamond are also different forms of this substance. Decayed vegetation exists in the soil in the form of carbon, giving the black color to fertile soils. It also exists in the air to the amount of one 2500th part of that fluid. It is found here in combination with oxygen forming carbonic acid. Carbon has some rather remarkable properties the most important of which as it exists in charcoal is its absorbent properties by which it is able to drink in and retain many gases of the atmosphere. It is this absorbing power that makes this substance such an excellent disinfectant. The ben- about to enter into the plant is of little practical importance. That the_ soil does furnish a considerable amount is evident from the fact that if any crop is raised continuously for a succession of years on a field and all the crop removed it will be found that the carbonaceous matter in it will have been largely diminished. But that all the carbon in plants is not derived from the soil is proved by the fact that the carbon found in a tree or plant is many times the amount that has been lost by the soil in which it grew. The under side of every leaf is covered with minute holes or pores called stomata, through these the leaf inhales the carbonic acid of the atmosphere. After it has entered the plant in this way, by some process of nature the carbon is separated from the oxygen and the carbon is used in building up the structure of the plant and the oxygen is exhaled by the leaf again and mingles with the air. This process takes place however only in sunlight. In this way plants serve as puri- fyers of the atmosphere. _ The carbonic acid which is poisonous is inhaled by the plant while oxygen which is health inspiring is given off to mingle with the air. This process is exactly the reverse of what takes place in the breathing of animals. The practical lesson to be learned is the fact that the growth of the plant and the amount of carbon that it will derive from the air depends on the amount of available plant food that is present in the soil. A rich soil produces a large growth of vigorous healtny leaves which in turn have the power of absorbing increased quantities of plant food that floats continually around them in the air. The application of carbonaceous manures to his soil therefore gives the farmer the advantage of not only what is thus applied but also that which is laid up in the great store house of nature. Without this application of manures it is impossible to keep up the fertility of the soil. The following table gives the amount of carbon in pounds carried from the field in every 1,000 pounds of each of the following crops: Young clover hay 507 | Clover seed IM Aftermath hay 471 Peas *» Hay 158 Wheat 4">5 Oats .507| Potatoes Ill In traveling over the country where nature seems to have doue so much in preparing all that is necessary on her part for the abode of man, how few places do we see where man has combined his efforts with her's ! With this combination, how easy it is to make home beautiful. You need not employ the aid of a skilled lawns- man, or the expenditure of hundreds in making your home an earthly Eden. Look around and see what you could improve in looks. There is that locust, broad and stragling in its branches, hiding the view from your window. Saw off the top within four feet of where the large limbs start, (it can be done now) and you will in a year or two have a nice round top which will bo beautiful. And now, while men are not very busy, get a few of your neighbors and move that smoke house on the south-west farther to the north, into the rear of the house. That will give room for a nice flower bed, or something of the kind there next summer, and we will tell you next spring when it comes time to plant, how to make the old smoke house ornamental as well as useful. There too is that old stump. Well, just let it alone, and next summer we will use it to good advantage in training ivy over it and make it bloom all over, a real, living bouquet. Look around, some of your neighbors have English ivy where you can get a start, plant it around the root and train it over the stump. Oh, it will look charming. That pile of boards looks very bad there against the fence, besides one here and there over the yard and lots. Let us use some of them to mend the backyard fence. Saw a new slat to replace the broken one in the gate. Nail one on the wood house where we knocked that one off. Then take the rest to the barn, patch up the holes, mend broken stalls, etc. Do this while we have leisure, and when spring comes we will have things look much better ; and then, by putting in our spare moments, we will be surprised at the result. And now let me say, above all things get the children interested in this work. Listen to their designs, and, if proper, execute them._ It will give them an interest in it, which nothing else will. Teach them to blend the inventions of their minds and work of their hands with that of nature in the formation of the beautiful. It will be a true refiner of their natures. There is employment in it of a nature to suit both boys and girls. School is out now, and the boys have but little to do. Next week I will give them some designs and instruction in making rustic seats out of the wild grape vines, which you see on your way to school, or down in the hollow, which will be splendid to sit on in the shade next summer. Look around and see what you can see to do to make things look neat and home-like. m. l. si. [For the Indiana Farmer. THE ORDER IN MICHIGAN. On my leaving Indianapolis you requested me to write you in regard to the Order of Patrons of Husbandry in Michigan. The Order appears to be doing its work in the midst of the farming community of this State. They have been slow in seeing the great good and benefit that they would derive from it, but, as one of their earnest workers, L. R. Brown, says, the fever has at last attacked them, and he is beset on every hand to explain the objects, aims, and results of this organization. They are fast realizing the necessity of organizing themselves into a body, and one, too, that will shield from the cruel wrongs of \/ monopolies. They are also learning the s$-j art of doing business by which they arc (jL^ taught to know and shun the sharper and a_\j imposter who are traveling through the f^fi*' country to trap and rob the unwary fann-"k *^X er._ Although the number of granges in^O * this State is small, compared with those inl Xjr; Indiana,yet the order is indeed in a flour---**"'8 ishing condition, and is fast traveling the road to success. F. L. Gates. Muir, Ionia Co., Mich., March 7, '74. -•S^****; "^ Vrt^/i/1'/^
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1874, v. 09, no. 11 (Mar. 21) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA0911 |
Date of Original | 1874 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2010-09-30 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | Yol. IX. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, MARCH 21, 1874. No. 11. Patrons of Huslmmlrjr. THE ORDER AT HOME AND ABROAD. Died.—David J. Davidson, of Jackson Grange, Tippecanoe county. Thf. Executive Committee of the State Grange will meet in this city April 7th. * « Secretaries can get roll-books and blanks for quarterly reports free, on application to M. M. Moody, Secretary of State Grange, Muneie, Ind. * • Perry Grange, No. G55, reports itself in good working order, with fifty-two members, and twenty-three candidates awaiting admission. • Center Grange, No. 364, at a recent meeting adopted the following preamble and resolution: Whereas, Our sister, Sarah Harvey, and brothers Caleb J. and John C. Harvey, having been severely visited by the destruction of their house and home by the devouring element, fire; therefore, Resolved, That we, the members of Center Grange No. 3(11, hereby tender to each of them our united sympathy, and assure to them all the consolation and assistance in our power. Richard G. Chasjias, Sec'y. Boone County Council meets at Lebanon, Saturday, March 21st. Vigo County Council was organized March 3d, with sixteen granges represented. Joseph Gilbert, Master, and II. D. Scott, Secretary. P. 0. Terre Haute. Gibson County has organized a Council with twenty or more granges. J. Pr McClure, Master, Newton Skelton, Secretary and Purchasing Agent. Shelby County Council elected their officers, as follows: J. S. Thomas, Master; Isom Wray, Secretary; Thomas Stephens, Agent; P. 0. Shelbyville. Eighteen Granges were represented. To All Grangers.—I see in your issue of the 28th ult., Mr. Parrott's letter in answer to one previously published by myself. Mr. P. says in his letter to the Indiana Farmer that I did not write as if I belonged to any organization of Grangers. Now, Mr. P., I want you to have my letter published in the Indiana Parmer, that the world may know what I did write to you. If you were a reader of the Farmer, you would know what the world does think. Your opinion of me is quite unimportant as compared with the opinions of the thousands who have endorsed our action. Any man who has so little respect for the Patrons ofHusbandryasyou nave manifested, should not be patronized by any Granger. Leander Fox, Sec'y Noah Grange. Shelby Co., Ind., March 'Sd, 1874. New Granges.—The following is a list ofthe new granges organized since our last report: State Line Grange—Caleb Shera, M.; Daniel Shera, Sec: postoffice, College Corner, Ohio. Walnut Grange—H P Allen, M.; Geo W Liner, Sec.; postoffice, Heelsville. Putnam. Perseverance Grange—A W Stewart, M.J L H Faucett, Sec: postoflice, Shoals, Martin. Liberty Grange—J B Longnecker, M.; Isaiah Oren, Sec: postoflice, Snow Hill, Randolph. Wayne Grange—Elam J Brown, M.j Henry Hill, Sec; postoffice, Richmond, Wayne. Excelsior Grange—Peter M Ellis, M.j C C Saxton, Sec; postoflice, White Water, Wayne. Flora Grange—Jacob Shafer, M.; Wilson W Shafer, Sec; postoiiice, Sardinia, Decatur. Aerie Grange—Wm II Tyner, M.j E S Frailey, Sec; postoflice, Forest Hill, Decatur. Smedley Grange—Christian Prow, M.j postoffice, Campbellsburg; John W Smedley, Sec; post- office, Hern-en, Washington. Cllne Grange—Z Cline, M.j Charles Thompson, Sec; postoflice, Flora, Carroll. Economy Grange—Win McLaughlin, Mi; post- office, Portland; Wm M Hutzler, Sec; postoffice, Green, Jay. West Grove Grange—Lorenzo D Lewis, M.j J A Brown, Sec; postoffice, Balbec, Jay. Liberty Grange—Adam Burr, M.; postoffice, Jordan ; Benj F Hammond, Sec; postoffice, Salamo- nle. Jay. Mill Creek Grange-Simon Wheeler, M.j D H Rush, Sec; postoffice, Blue Grass, Fulton. Tippecanoe Grange—Martin Sturgeon, M.j AV M Hay, Sec; postoffice, Maxln Luckee. Fulton. Union Grange—James Wolfeale, M.; W Z New- hard, Sec; postoflice, Osslan, Wells. Rock Creek Grange—Chas Ellingham, M.j Daniel J Highlan, Sec; postoffice, Barber's Mills. Wells. Murray Grange—M C Chalfaut, M.j G Wooley, Sec; postoiliee, Murray, Wells. Greenwood Grange—R P Onden, M.j L F Chalfaut, Sec; postoffice, Osslan, Wells. Salem Grange—Thomas Z Sowards, M.; Oliver P Garter, Sec; postoffice, lilufftou, Wells. Ceres Grange—Robert B Colvin, M.; II F Wood, Sec; postoffice, New Washington, Clarke. Clay Grange—Sam Hargrave, M.j Jasper Davidson, Sec; postoflice. Union, Pike, i Paciflic Grange—T II Brown, M.; C C Haggart, i Sec; postoffice, Winslow, Pike. i Leoti Grange—W Luttrell, M; W W Woolsy.Sec; I postoffice, Pikevllle, Pike. I Winslow Grange—J W Narington, M; O P De- 1 Bruler, Sec; postoffice, Winslow, Pike. Prairie Grange—A Wilson, M; J V Wilhelm, See; postoffice, Peru, Miami. Stanford Grange—.! S Walker, M: W 11 Roseber- ry. See; postoiiice, Bloomington, Monroe. Lincoln Grange—II C Ward, Si; M SI Richardson, Sec; postoffice, Oakland City, Gibson. Pilgrim Grange—B J Stewart, SI; J It Bowman, Sec; postoffice, Petersburg, Pike. Butler Grange—A J Dunning, M; J W Little, Sec: postoiiice, Petersburg, Pike. Blue Ridge Grange—James Mldkiff, M; Jackson Baker, Sec; postoffice, Blue Ridge, Shelby. Riley Grange—D M Wallace, SI; Thos Whitney, Sec; postoffice, Riley, Vigo. Beech Grove Grange—II II Hyatt, SI; J T King, Sec; postoffice, Benliam's Store, Riplev. Crcsur Creek Grunge—J It Miller, SI; J L Rand, Sec; postoflici1, Farmers' Retreat, Dearborn. New Winchester Grange—Henry VIckery, SI; James Bowen, Sec; postoffice, New Winchester, Hendricks. Pleasant Valley Grange—Porch, Sf; postoffice, Ash by Mills; W W Ewing, Sec; postoiiice, Ladoga, Slontgomery. Goodwill Grange—B II Banner, SI; Thos V SIc- Counell, Sec; postoffice, Morristown, Shelby. Johnson Grange—HL Wisehart,Sec; postoffice, I efits to growing crops resulting from its UBu^ett'sCOTne?C.*rnnge-IIiram Weaver, Sec;: presence in the soil is owing in part to this postoffice, Burgett's Corner, Clinton. \ power of absorbing the various fertilizing se*c' postofflce^'W^y Rush Mi Truman Elstun' j gases of the air which it readily yields up ' Curtis Grange—Andrew S* Baldon, SI, Peter S4 to the roots of the plant. A soil therefore that contains a large quantity of this car Curtis, Sec; postoflice, Hall, Slorgan. Sand Creek Grange—Nelson Cramer, SI; David Bothwell.Sec; postoflice, Slartinsville, Slorgan. Paragon Grange- IIC Hodges, SI; Uriah II Farr, Sec; postoffice, Paragon, Morgan. Brooklyn Grange—John SI Furgarson, SI; Scott W Stafford, Sec; postoffice, Brooklyn, Slorgan. Star Grange—Jos Bradley, SI; Wm M Welman, Hoc; postoffice, Hall, Slorgan. Herbtmont Grange—It S Wooden, SI; Thomas Dixon, Sec; postoflice, Herbemont, Slorgan. Beech Grove Grange—Ephrain SI. Voshell, M; L SI Slarsh, Sec; postoffice, Herbemont, Slorgan., _ , - Center Point Grange—Win II Shields, SI; Wm I ponent parts ot the Sap. A Shoemaker, Sec; i>ostofflee, Alaska, Slorgan. West Liberty ('range—Wm Lietman, SI; J B Hazel wood ,Scc, postoffice, Center Valley, Slorgan. New Discovery Grange—W Overpeck, M; Lieius I Goss, Sec; postoiiice, Bellmore, Parke. bonaeeouS matter will, other things being equal, furnish a larger amount of many other elements of plant food than one containing less of it. This substance is taken up by the roots of plants either in a fluid state being de- solved in water and carried up into the circulation of the plant as one of the component parts of the sap. Or it may retain its gasseous form and by mingling with the sap be thus carried into the vascular system of the plant. The question as to which of these forms it assumes when If but a small percent, of this is derived from the soil it is evident that soil must be either replenished or it will be exhausted] be it ever so fertile. L. J. Tesiplin. [For tho Indiana Farmer. BEAUTIFUL HOMES. "HOOSIER LADY." Berkshire Sow at seventeen months old, (.Sire and Dam both Imported from England,) and two of her Pigs. Barker, Thorntown, Boone county, Indiana. The property of I. N. East Enterprise Grange—Robt Bovard, SI; Hosier Keeney, Sec; postoffice, Quercus Grove, Switzerland. Oak Grange—E P Goddard, M: Benj F Keeney, Sec; postoffice, Quercus Grove, Switzerland. Darius Grange—Sam'l Losteeter, M; R T Butler, Sec: postoffice, Patriot, Switzerland. Blooming Grove Grange—P D Harvey, M; W N Williams, Sec; postoflice, Blooming Grove, Franklin. Bellair Grange—Jacob Chase, M; J D Frazier, Sec; postoflice, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn. Pleasant Hill Grange—T H Waggener, SI; postoflice, White Hall, Owen. Paddock Grange—W K Weeres, M; John West, Sec; postoffice, Liberty, Union. Moorefleld Grange—James Culbertson, M; W J Adams, Sec; postoffice. Pleasant, Switzerland. Lawrence Grange—N C Plummer, SI; G W Bo- lander, Sec; postoflice, Oaklandon. Marion. Pomona Grange—Isaac N Koons, SI; Jno C Lew- man, Sec; postoffice, Charleston, Clarke. Posey Grange—Slelvin Cole, Si; J G Cole, Sec; postoffice, Bentonvllle, Fayette. Washington Grange—D S Lee, M; Chas SI Gress, Sec; postoffice, Slllton, Wayne. Perry Grange—Enos Veal, M; Edward Forest, Sec; postoffice, Hagerstown, Wayne. Sletamora Grange—J Barnes, SI; W SI Barnes, Sec; postoffice, Sletamora, Franklin. Franklin Grange—W J Templeton, SI; D W S Templeton, Sec; postoffice, Brookville, Franklin. Walnut Grange—II P Allen, SI; George W Slner, Sec, postoffice, Reelsville, Putnam. Little Jlount Grange—J II Bennett, SI, M D Wilson, Sec; postoffice, Gosport, Owen. Taylor Grange— B Slugg, SI; J S Slontgomery, Sec; postoflice, Quincy, Owen. Cloverdale Grange—IIII Martin, M; J BSacket, Sec; postoflice, Cloverdale, Putnam. Hoosier Grange—Jno Pell, SI; Wm Hadley, Sec; postoffice, Lena, Clay. Flora Grange—W C SfcSIillen, SI; J F Hodges, See, postoflice, Charlestown, Clarke. Elm Grove Grange—Jos Jackson, M; RH Swan, Sec: postoffice, Sletamora, Franklin. Sletamora Grange—Jno Barnes, SI; W SI Barnes, Sec; postoffice, Sletamora, Franklin. Columbia Grange—W B Walden, SI; E II Slar- shall, Sec; postoffice, Ellettsville, Slonroe. Holman Grange—Richard Piatt, SI; J B Kennedy, Sec; postoffice, Manchester, Dearborn. Oakland Grange—Jessee L Holman, M; A F Bruce, Sec; postoffice, Aurora, Dearborn. Slahalasville Grange^Ios Taggart, SI: David SI Gibbs, Sec; postoflice, Slahalasville, Slorgan. Indian Creek Grange—Jno Shar, SI; Jno C Duncan, Sec; postoffice, Slartinsville, Slorgan. Sit. Olive Grange—W SI Bradley, SI; W A Dilley, Sec; postoiiice, Slartinsville, Slorgan. Frankfort Grange—Sam Klger, SI; JNArmin- trout.Sec; postoffice, Frankfort, Clinton. Sedalia Grange—J S Hays, SI; G M Sloffitt, Sec; postoffice, Sedalia, Clinton. Friendship Grange—F SI Nixon, SI; G W Smith, Sec; postoiiice, Slichigantown, Clinton. Centre Grange—Thos Lee, Si; J D Norrls, Sec; postoffice, Frankfort, Clinton. Hope Grange—Thos Hutchinson, SI; Geo Slayer, Sec; postoffice, Frankfort, Clinton. Slount Hope Grange—W F Jackson, SI; R E Thompson, Sec; postoffice, Sloran, Clinton. Middle Prairie Grange—Sliles Runk, Sec; post- office, Rusiaville, Howard. Union Grange—W S Auble, Sec; postoffice, Mor- tonsville, Clinton. [For the Indiana Farmer. EXHAUSTION OF SOILS. Number Two. In order to fully understand the damaging effects of continued cropping on our soils it will be necessary to enquire briefly in regard to the nature and source of the plant food composing our crop. When any vegetable substance is burned in the open air, a very large per cent, of it disappears in the form of gases and mingles with the air. A small portion is left in the form of ash. This latter is composed of the inorganic constituents of plants, while that which disappears is termed the organic elements. The fact that every farmer should learn is that the presence of these various substances in the soil is essential to the profitable growth of his cultivated crops. They are the food of these crops, and it might be as reasonable to expect his living animals to live and thrive without food suited to their nature as to expect his plants, which are living beings, to thrive without their proper nourishment. In treating this subject I wish to offer some reflections on the nature, properties and sources of the various kinds of plant food that enter into the composition of our cultivated plants. About one-half of most vegetable substances when free from water consists of carbon, more known in the form of charcoal than in any other form. Black lead and the diamond are also different forms of this substance. Decayed vegetation exists in the soil in the form of carbon, giving the black color to fertile soils. It also exists in the air to the amount of one 2500th part of that fluid. It is found here in combination with oxygen forming carbonic acid. Carbon has some rather remarkable properties the most important of which as it exists in charcoal is its absorbent properties by which it is able to drink in and retain many gases of the atmosphere. It is this absorbing power that makes this substance such an excellent disinfectant. The ben- about to enter into the plant is of little practical importance. That the_ soil does furnish a considerable amount is evident from the fact that if any crop is raised continuously for a succession of years on a field and all the crop removed it will be found that the carbonaceous matter in it will have been largely diminished. But that all the carbon in plants is not derived from the soil is proved by the fact that the carbon found in a tree or plant is many times the amount that has been lost by the soil in which it grew. The under side of every leaf is covered with minute holes or pores called stomata, through these the leaf inhales the carbonic acid of the atmosphere. After it has entered the plant in this way, by some process of nature the carbon is separated from the oxygen and the carbon is used in building up the structure of the plant and the oxygen is exhaled by the leaf again and mingles with the air. This process takes place however only in sunlight. In this way plants serve as puri- fyers of the atmosphere. _ The carbonic acid which is poisonous is inhaled by the plant while oxygen which is health inspiring is given off to mingle with the air. This process is exactly the reverse of what takes place in the breathing of animals. The practical lesson to be learned is the fact that the growth of the plant and the amount of carbon that it will derive from the air depends on the amount of available plant food that is present in the soil. A rich soil produces a large growth of vigorous healtny leaves which in turn have the power of absorbing increased quantities of plant food that floats continually around them in the air. The application of carbonaceous manures to his soil therefore gives the farmer the advantage of not only what is thus applied but also that which is laid up in the great store house of nature. Without this application of manures it is impossible to keep up the fertility of the soil. The following table gives the amount of carbon in pounds carried from the field in every 1,000 pounds of each of the following crops: Young clover hay 507 | Clover seed IM Aftermath hay 471 Peas *» Hay 158 Wheat 4">5 Oats .507| Potatoes Ill In traveling over the country where nature seems to have doue so much in preparing all that is necessary on her part for the abode of man, how few places do we see where man has combined his efforts with her's ! With this combination, how easy it is to make home beautiful. You need not employ the aid of a skilled lawns- man, or the expenditure of hundreds in making your home an earthly Eden. Look around and see what you could improve in looks. There is that locust, broad and stragling in its branches, hiding the view from your window. Saw off the top within four feet of where the large limbs start, (it can be done now) and you will in a year or two have a nice round top which will bo beautiful. And now, while men are not very busy, get a few of your neighbors and move that smoke house on the south-west farther to the north, into the rear of the house. That will give room for a nice flower bed, or something of the kind there next summer, and we will tell you next spring when it comes time to plant, how to make the old smoke house ornamental as well as useful. There too is that old stump. Well, just let it alone, and next summer we will use it to good advantage in training ivy over it and make it bloom all over, a real, living bouquet. Look around, some of your neighbors have English ivy where you can get a start, plant it around the root and train it over the stump. Oh, it will look charming. That pile of boards looks very bad there against the fence, besides one here and there over the yard and lots. Let us use some of them to mend the backyard fence. Saw a new slat to replace the broken one in the gate. Nail one on the wood house where we knocked that one off. Then take the rest to the barn, patch up the holes, mend broken stalls, etc. Do this while we have leisure, and when spring comes we will have things look much better ; and then, by putting in our spare moments, we will be surprised at the result. And now let me say, above all things get the children interested in this work. Listen to their designs, and, if proper, execute them._ It will give them an interest in it, which nothing else will. Teach them to blend the inventions of their minds and work of their hands with that of nature in the formation of the beautiful. It will be a true refiner of their natures. There is employment in it of a nature to suit both boys and girls. School is out now, and the boys have but little to do. Next week I will give them some designs and instruction in making rustic seats out of the wild grape vines, which you see on your way to school, or down in the hollow, which will be splendid to sit on in the shade next summer. Look around and see what you can see to do to make things look neat and home-like. m. l. si. [For the Indiana Farmer. THE ORDER IN MICHIGAN. On my leaving Indianapolis you requested me to write you in regard to the Order of Patrons of Husbandry in Michigan. The Order appears to be doing its work in the midst of the farming community of this State. They have been slow in seeing the great good and benefit that they would derive from it, but, as one of their earnest workers, L. R. Brown, says, the fever has at last attacked them, and he is beset on every hand to explain the objects, aims, and results of this organization. They are fast realizing the necessity of organizing themselves into a body, and one, too, that will shield from the cruel wrongs of \/ monopolies. They are also learning the s$-j art of doing business by which they arc (jL^ taught to know and shun the sharper and a_\j imposter who are traveling through the f^fi*' country to trap and rob the unwary fann-"k *^X er._ Although the number of granges in^O * this State is small, compared with those inl Xjr; Indiana,yet the order is indeed in a flour---**"'8 ishing condition, and is fast traveling the road to success. F. L. Gates. Muir, Ionia Co., Mich., March 7, '74. -•S^****; "^ Vrt^/i/1'/^ |
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