Yol. IX.
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, MARCH 21, 1874.
No. 11.
Patrons of Huslmmlrjr.
THE ORDER AT HOME AND
ABROAD.
Died.—David J. Davidson, of Jackson
Grange, Tippecanoe county.
Thf. Executive Committee of the State
Grange will meet in this city April 7th.   *
 «	
Secretaries can get   roll-books   and
blanks for quarterly reports free, on application to M. M. Moody, Secretary of State
Grange, Muneie, Ind. *
 •	
Perry Grange, No. G55, reports itself
in good working order, with fifty-two members, and twenty-three candidates awaiting
admission.
 •	
Center Grange, No. 364, at a recent
meeting adopted the following preamble
and resolution:
Whereas, Our sister, Sarah Harvey, and brothers Caleb J. and John C. Harvey, having been
severely visited by the destruction of their house
and home by the devouring element, fire; therefore,
Resolved, That we, the members of Center Grange
No. 3(11, hereby tender to each of them our united
sympathy, and assure to them all the consolation
and assistance in our power.
Richard G. Chasjias, Sec'y.
Boone County Council meets at Lebanon, Saturday, March 21st.
Vigo County Council was organized
March 3d, with sixteen granges represented. Joseph Gilbert, Master, and II.
D. Scott, Secretary.   P. 0. Terre Haute.
Gibson County has organized a Council
with twenty or more granges. J. Pr
McClure, Master, Newton Skelton, Secretary and Purchasing Agent.
Shelby County Council elected their
officers, as follows: J. S. Thomas, Master;
Isom Wray, Secretary; Thomas Stephens,
Agent; P. 0. Shelbyville. Eighteen Granges were represented.
To All Grangers.—I see in your issue
of the 28th ult., Mr. Parrott's letter in
answer to one previously published by myself. Mr. P. says in his letter to the Indiana Farmer that I did not write as if
I belonged to any organization of Grangers.
Now, Mr. P., I want you to have my letter
published in the Indiana Parmer, that
the world may know what I did write to
you. If you were a reader of the Farmer,
you would know what the world does think.
Your opinion of me is quite unimportant
as compared with the opinions of the thousands who have endorsed our action. Any
man who has so little respect for the Patrons ofHusbandryasyou nave manifested,
should not be patronized by any Granger.
Leander Fox,
Sec'y Noah Grange.
Shelby Co., Ind., March 'Sd, 1874.
New Granges.—The following is a list
ofthe new granges organized since our last
report:
State Line Grange—Caleb Shera, M.; Daniel
Shera, Sec: postoffice, College Corner, Ohio.
Walnut Grange—H P Allen, M.; Geo W Liner,
Sec.; postoffice, Heelsville. Putnam.
Perseverance Grange—A W Stewart, M.J L H
Faucett, Sec: postoflice, Shoals, Martin.
Liberty Grange—J B Longnecker, M.; Isaiah
Oren, Sec: postoflice, Snow Hill, Randolph.
Wayne Grange—Elam J Brown, M.j Henry Hill,
Sec; postoffice, Richmond, Wayne.
Excelsior Grange—Peter M Ellis, M.j C C Saxton,
Sec; postoflice, White Water, Wayne.
Flora Grange—Jacob Shafer, M.; Wilson W
Shafer, Sec; postoiiice, Sardinia, Decatur.
Aerie Grange—Wm II Tyner, M.j E S Frailey,
Sec; postoflice, Forest Hill, Decatur.
Smedley Grange—Christian Prow, M.j postoffice, Campbellsburg; John W Smedley, Sec; post-
office, Hern-en, Washington.
Cllne Grange—Z Cline, M.j Charles Thompson,
Sec; postoflice, Flora, Carroll.
Economy Grange—Win McLaughlin, Mi; post-
office, Portland; Wm M Hutzler, Sec; postoffice,
Green, Jay.
West Grove Grange—Lorenzo D Lewis, M.j J A
Brown, Sec; postoffice, Balbec, Jay.
Liberty Grange—Adam Burr, M.; postoffice, Jordan ; Benj F Hammond, Sec; postoffice, Salamo-
nle. Jay.
Mill Creek Grange-Simon Wheeler, M.j D H
Rush, Sec; postoffice, Blue Grass, Fulton.
Tippecanoe Grange—Martin Sturgeon, M.j AV M
Hay, Sec; postoffice, Maxln Luckee. Fulton.
Union Grange—James Wolfeale, M.; W Z New-
hard, Sec; postoflice, Osslan, Wells.
Rock Creek Grange—Chas Ellingham, M.j Daniel J Highlan, Sec; postoffice, Barber's Mills.
Wells.
Murray Grange—M C Chalfaut, M.j G Wooley,
Sec; postoiliee, Murray, Wells.
Greenwood Grange—R P Onden, M.j L F Chalfaut, Sec; postoffice, Osslan, Wells.
Salem Grange—Thomas Z Sowards, M.; Oliver P
Garter, Sec; postoffice, lilufftou, Wells.
Ceres Grange—Robert B Colvin, M.; II F Wood,
Sec; postoffice, New Washington, Clarke.
Clay Grange—Sam Hargrave, M.j Jasper Davidson, Sec; postoflice. Union, Pike,
i    Paciflic Grange—T II Brown, M.; C C Haggart,
i Sec; postoffice, Winslow, Pike.
i    Leoti Grange—W Luttrell, M; W W Woolsy.Sec;
I postoffice, Pikevllle, Pike.
I   Winslow Grange—J W Narington, M; O P De-
1 Bruler, Sec; postoffice, Winslow, Pike.
Prairie Grange—A Wilson, M; J V Wilhelm,
See; postoffice, Peru, Miami.
Stanford Grange—.! S Walker, M: W 11 Roseber-
ry. See; postoiiice, Bloomington, Monroe.
Lincoln Grange—II C Ward, Si; M SI Richardson, Sec; postoffice, Oakland City, Gibson.
Pilgrim Grange—B J Stewart, SI; J It Bowman,
Sec; postoffice, Petersburg, Pike.
Butler Grange—A J Dunning, M; J W Little,
Sec: postoiiice, Petersburg, Pike.
Blue Ridge Grange—James Mldkiff, M; Jackson
Baker, Sec; postoffice, Blue Ridge, Shelby.
Riley Grange—D M Wallace, SI; Thos Whitney,
Sec; postoffice, Riley, Vigo.
Beech Grove Grange—II II Hyatt, SI; J T King,
Sec; postoffice, Benliam's Store, Riplev.
Crcsur Creek Grunge—J It Miller, SI; J L Rand,
Sec; postoflici1, Farmers' Retreat, Dearborn.
New Winchester Grange—Henry VIckery, SI;
James Bowen, Sec; postoffice, New Winchester,
Hendricks.
Pleasant Valley Grange—Porch, Sf; postoffice,
Ash by Mills; W W Ewing, Sec; postoiiice, Ladoga, Slontgomery.
Goodwill Grange—B II Banner, SI; Thos V SIc-
Counell, Sec; postoffice, Morristown, Shelby.
Johnson Grange—HL Wisehart,Sec; postoffice, I efits to growing crops resulting from its
UBu^ett'sCOTne?C.*rnnge-IIiram Weaver, Sec;: presence in the soil is owing in part to this
postoffice, Burgett's Corner, Clinton. \ power of absorbing the various fertilizing
se*c' postofflce^'W^y Rush Mi Truman Elstun' j gases of the air which it readily yields up
'  Curtis Grange—Andrew S* Baldon, SI, Peter S4 to the roots of the plant.     A soil therefore
that contains a large quantity of this car
Curtis, Sec; postoflice, Hall, Slorgan.
Sand Creek Grange—Nelson Cramer, SI; David
Bothwell.Sec; postoflice, Slartinsville, Slorgan.
Paragon Grange- IIC Hodges, SI; Uriah II Farr,
Sec; postoffice, Paragon, Morgan.
Brooklyn Grange—John SI Furgarson, SI; Scott
W Stafford, Sec; postoffice, Brooklyn, Slorgan.
Star Grange—Jos Bradley, SI; Wm M Welman,
Hoc; postoffice, Hall, Slorgan.
Herbtmont Grange—It S Wooden, SI; Thomas
Dixon, Sec; postoflice, Herbemont, Slorgan.
Beech Grove Grange—Ephrain SI. Voshell, M;
L SI Slarsh, Sec; postoffice, Herbemont, Slorgan., _   , -
Center Point Grange—Win II Shields, SI; Wm I ponent parts ot the Sap.
A Shoemaker, Sec; i>ostofflee, Alaska, Slorgan.
West Liberty ('range—Wm Lietman, SI; J B
Hazel wood ,Scc, postoffice, Center Valley, Slorgan.
New Discovery Grange—W Overpeck, M; Lieius
I Goss, Sec; postoiiice, Bellmore, Parke.
bonaeeouS matter will, other things being
equal, furnish a larger amount of many
other elements of plant food than one
containing less of it.
This substance is taken up by the roots
of plants either in a fluid state being de-
solved in water and carried up into the
circulation of the plant as one of the component parts of the sap. Or it may retain
its gasseous form and by mingling with the
sap be thus carried into the vascular system of the plant. The question as to
which of these forms it assumes when
If but a small percent, of this is derived
from the soil it is evident that soil must
be either replenished or it will be exhausted] be it ever so fertile.
L. J. Tesiplin.
[For tho Indiana Farmer.
BEAUTIFUL HOMES.
"HOOSIER LADY."
Berkshire Sow at seventeen months old, (.Sire and Dam both Imported from England,) and two of her Pigs.
Barker, Thorntown, Boone county, Indiana.
The property of I. N.
East Enterprise Grange—Robt Bovard, SI; Hosier Keeney, Sec; postoffice, Quercus Grove, Switzerland.
Oak Grange—E P Goddard, M: Benj F Keeney,
Sec; postoffice, Quercus Grove, Switzerland.
Darius Grange—Sam'l Losteeter, M; R T Butler,
Sec: postoffice, Patriot, Switzerland.
Blooming Grove Grange—P D Harvey, M; W N
Williams, Sec; postoflice, Blooming Grove, Franklin.
Bellair Grange—Jacob Chase, M; J D Frazier,
Sec; postoflice, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn.
Pleasant Hill Grange—T H Waggener, SI; postoflice, White Hall, Owen.
Paddock Grange—W K Weeres, M; John West,
Sec; postoffice, Liberty, Union.
Moorefleld Grange—James Culbertson, M; W J
Adams, Sec; postoffice. Pleasant, Switzerland.
Lawrence Grange—N C Plummer, SI; G W Bo-
lander, Sec; postoflice, Oaklandon. Marion.
Pomona Grange—Isaac N Koons, SI; Jno C Lew-
man, Sec; postoffice, Charleston, Clarke.
Posey Grange—Slelvin Cole, Si; J G Cole, Sec;
postoffice, Bentonvllle, Fayette.
Washington Grange—D S Lee, M; Chas SI Gress,
Sec; postoffice, Slllton, Wayne.
Perry Grange—Enos Veal, M; Edward Forest,
Sec; postoffice, Hagerstown, Wayne.
Sletamora Grange—J Barnes, SI; W SI Barnes,
Sec; postoffice, Sletamora, Franklin.
Franklin Grange—W J Templeton, SI; D W S
Templeton, Sec; postoffice, Brookville, Franklin.
Walnut Grange—II P Allen, SI; George W Slner,
Sec, postoffice, Reelsville, Putnam.
Little Jlount Grange—J II Bennett, SI, M D Wilson, Sec; postoffice, Gosport, Owen.
Taylor Grange— B Slugg, SI; J S Slontgomery,
Sec; postoflice, Quincy, Owen.
Cloverdale Grange—IIII Martin, M; J BSacket,
Sec; postoflice, Cloverdale, Putnam.
Hoosier Grange—Jno Pell, SI; Wm Hadley, Sec;
postoffice, Lena, Clay.
Flora Grange—W C SfcSIillen, SI; J F Hodges,
See, postoflice, Charlestown, Clarke.
Elm Grove Grange—Jos Jackson, M; RH Swan,
Sec: postoffice, Sletamora, Franklin.
Sletamora Grange—Jno Barnes, SI; W SI Barnes,
Sec; postoffice, Sletamora, Franklin.
Columbia Grange—W B Walden, SI; E II Slar-
shall, Sec; postoffice, Ellettsville, Slonroe.
Holman Grange—Richard Piatt, SI; J B Kennedy, Sec; postoffice, Manchester, Dearborn.
Oakland Grange—Jessee L Holman, M; A F
Bruce, Sec; postoffice, Aurora, Dearborn.
Slahalasville Grange^Ios Taggart, SI: David SI
Gibbs, Sec; postoflice, Slahalasville, Slorgan.
Indian Creek Grange—Jno Shar, SI; Jno C Duncan, Sec; postoffice, Slartinsville, Slorgan.
Sit. Olive Grange—W SI Bradley, SI; W A Dilley,
Sec; postoiiice, Slartinsville, Slorgan.
Frankfort Grange—Sam Klger, SI; JNArmin-
trout.Sec; postoffice, Frankfort, Clinton.
Sedalia Grange—J S Hays, SI; G M Sloffitt, Sec;
postoffice, Sedalia, Clinton.
Friendship Grange—F SI Nixon, SI; G W Smith,
Sec; postoiiice, Slichigantown, Clinton.
Centre Grange—Thos Lee, Si; J D Norrls, Sec;
postoffice, Frankfort, Clinton.
Hope Grange—Thos Hutchinson, SI; Geo Slayer, Sec; postoffice, Frankfort, Clinton.
Slount Hope Grange—W F Jackson, SI; R E
Thompson, Sec; postoffice, Sloran, Clinton.
Middle Prairie Grange—Sliles Runk, Sec; post-
office, Rusiaville, Howard.
Union Grange—W S Auble, Sec; postoffice, Mor-
tonsville, Clinton.
[For the Indiana Farmer.
EXHAUSTION OF SOILS.
Number Two.
In order to fully understand the damaging effects of continued cropping on our
soils it will be necessary to enquire briefly
in regard to the nature and source of the
plant food composing our crop. When
any vegetable substance is burned in the
open air, a very large per cent, of it disappears in the form of gases and mingles
with the air. A small portion is left in
the form of ash. This latter is composed
of the inorganic constituents of plants,
while that which disappears is termed the
organic elements. The fact that every
farmer should learn is that the presence of
these various substances in the soil is essential to the profitable growth of his cultivated crops. They are the food of these
crops, and it might be as reasonable to expect his living animals to live and thrive
without food suited to their nature as to
expect his plants, which are living beings,
to thrive without their proper nourishment. In treating this subject I wish to
offer some reflections on the nature, properties and sources of the various kinds of
plant food that enter into the composition
of our cultivated plants. About one-half
of most vegetable substances when free
from water consists of carbon, more known
in the form of charcoal than in any other
form. Black lead and the diamond are
also different forms of this substance.
Decayed vegetation exists in the soil in the
form of carbon, giving the black color to
fertile soils. It also exists in the air to
the amount of one 2500th part of that
fluid. It is found here in combination
with oxygen forming carbonic acid. Carbon has some rather remarkable properties
the most important of which as it exists
in charcoal is its absorbent properties by
which it is able to drink in and retain many gases of the atmosphere. It is this absorbing power that makes this substance
such an excellent disinfectant.   The ben-
about to enter into the plant is of little
practical importance. That the_ soil does
furnish a considerable amount is evident
from the fact that if any crop is raised
continuously for a succession of years on
a field and all the crop removed it will be
found that the carbonaceous matter in it
will have been largely diminished. But
that all the carbon in plants is not derived
from the soil is proved by the fact that the
carbon found in a tree or plant is many
times the amount that has been lost by the
soil in which it grew. The under side of
every leaf is covered with minute holes or
pores called stomata, through these the
leaf inhales the carbonic acid of the atmosphere. After it has entered the plant in
this way, by some process of nature the
carbon is separated from the oxygen and
the carbon is used in building up the structure of the plant and the oxygen is exhaled
by the leaf again and mingles with the air.
This process takes place however only in
sunlight. In this way plants serve as puri-
fyers of the atmosphere. _ The carbonic
acid which is poisonous is inhaled by the
plant while oxygen which is health inspiring is given off to mingle with the air.
This process is exactly the reverse of what
takes place in the breathing of animals.
The practical lesson to be learned is the
fact that the growth of the plant and the
amount of carbon that it will derive from
the air depends on the amount of available
plant food that is present in the soil. A
rich soil produces a large growth of vigorous healtny leaves which in turn have the
power of absorbing increased quantities of
plant food that floats continually around
them in the air. The application of carbonaceous manures to his soil therefore
gives the farmer the advantage of not only
what is thus applied but also that which is
laid up in the great store house of nature.
Without this application of manures it is
impossible to keep up the fertility of the
soil. The following table gives the amount
of carbon in pounds carried from the field
in every 1,000 pounds of each of the following crops:
Young clover hay 507 | Clover seed IM
Aftermath hay 471   Peas *»
Hay 158   Wheat 4">5
Oats .507| Potatoes Ill
In traveling over the country where nature seems to have doue so much in preparing all that is necessary on her part for
the abode of man, how few places do we
see where man  has combined his efforts
with her's !    With this combination, how
easy it is to make home beautiful.    You
need not employ the aid of a skilled lawns-
man, or the expenditure of hundreds in
making your home an earthly Eden.  Look
around and see what you could improve in
looks.    There is  that locust, broad  and
stragling in its branches, hiding the view
from your window. Saw off the top within
four feet of where the large limbs start,
(it can be done now) and you will   in
a year or two have a nice round top which
will bo beautiful.   And now, while men
are not very busy, get a few of your neighbors and move that smoke house on the
south-west farther to the north, into the
rear of the house.   That will give room
for a nice flower bed, or something of the
kind there next summer, and we will tell
you next spring when it comes time to
plant, how to make the old smoke house
ornamental as well as useful.
There too is that old stump. Well, just
let it alone, and next summer we will use it
to good advantage in training ivy over it
and make it bloom all over, a real, living
bouquet. Look around, some of your
neighbors have English ivy where you can
get a start, plant it around the root and
train it over the stump. Oh, it will look
charming. That pile of boards looks very
bad there against the fence, besides one
here and there over the yard and lots. Let
us use some of them to mend the backyard fence. Saw a new slat to replace the
broken one in the gate. Nail one on the
wood house where we knocked that one
off. Then take the rest to the barn, patch
up the holes, mend broken stalls, etc. Do
this while we have leisure, and when spring
comes we will have things look much better ; and then, by putting in our spare
moments, we will be surprised at the result. And now let me say, above all things
get the children interested in this work.
Listen to their designs, and, if proper,
execute them._ It will give them an interest in it, which nothing else will. Teach
them to blend the inventions of their
minds and work of their hands with that
of nature in the formation of the beautiful.
It will be a true refiner of their natures.
There is employment in it of a nature to
suit both boys and girls. School is out
now, and the boys have but little to do.
Next week I will give them some designs
and instruction in making rustic seats out
of the wild grape vines, which you see on
your way to school, or down in the hollow,
which will be splendid to sit on in the
shade next summer. Look around and
see what you can see to do to make things
look neat and home-like. m. l. si.
[For the Indiana Farmer.
THE ORDER IN MICHIGAN.
On my leaving Indianapolis you requested me to write you in regard to the Order
of  Patrons of  Husbandry in  Michigan.
The Order appears to be doing its work in
the midst of the farming community of
this State.   They have been slow in seeing
the great good and benefit that they would
derive from it, but, as one of their earnest
workers, L. R. Brown, says, the fever has
at last attacked them, and he is beset on
every hand to explain the objects, aims,
and results of this organization.     They
are fast realizing the necessity of organizing themselves into a body, and one, too,
that will shield from the cruel wrongs of      \/
monopolies.   They are  also learning the   s$-j
art of doing business  by which  they arc (jL^
taught to know and shun the sharper and  a_\j
imposter who are traveling through the f^fi*'
country to trap and rob the unwary fann-"k *^X
er._   Although the  number of granges in^O *
this State is small, compared with those inl Xjr;
Indiana,yet the order is indeed in a flour---**"'8
ishing condition, and is fast traveling the
road to success. F. L. Gates.
Muir, Ionia Co., Mich., March 7, '74.
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