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VOL. LXVI INDIANAPOLIS, JUNE 10, 1911. NO. 23 EXPERT ANSWERS TO FARM yl KSTIONS ALONG THK LINE OF FORESTRY. By C. H. Goetz, Forester, O. S. U., Columbus, Ohio. viil Method too Slow and Costly to be Practical.—Troy, Ohio. To the for- «ter O. S. IJ. Please Inform me whether the combination of sulphuric icid and nitric acid will dissolve rtumps, as I have some stump land which I want to clear.—1_ B. Baker. Answer: The acid will dissolve the ■tump, but it ls too slow a process and too costly to be practical. The use of powder, the stump puller and Are is much cheaper, quicker and more profitable In many places where the land can be left in a pasture it will do but little hurt to leave the stumps until they are well rotted so that they can be pulled with but little trouble. Cedar and Arborvitae Slake Good Wind Braeaks.—Marion, Ohio. To the forester O. S. U. Please inform me as to what is best for planting in this section for windbreaks.—George J. Davis. Answer: Ohio was at one time cov- ««il With hard woods and there were few evergreens found here, and .i'M in later years it has been found that many of the coniferous evergreens will grow well in Ohio if they have the water supply they need through the summer. Wherever then there is enough of thio water supply arborvitae and cedars will do well, and there is no question about these trees not being aome of the best windbreaks for an all year around use. As a rule the hardwoods are of use only in the summer, and when the windbreak ls most needed in the winter they furnish but little protection. Any hardwoods that can be Planted closely together will make aome kind of a windbreak for summer use. Plant Grasses or Trees to Stop Hillside Erosion.—Sidney, Ohio. To the forestry Department, O. S. U. I have •ome land near a creek and there is •orne of it quite steep so that I can not '•rm it. The soil is washing a good deal. What can I do to prevent the •oil from washing?—Jim Dolan. Answer: Fence In that part of your •ind and do not allow your stock to run over it until you have again a good Sround cover. I would advise you to •ow clover or any kind of grass. If, however, the erosion Is too strong and •he grasses will not take hold, plant willows and poplars and sow the seeds of 'he trees which formerly stood on the Sfound. If there are gullies throw 'ocks and brush into them and In this *ay stop the erosion. Trees for Waste Place**—Stone Oeek, Ohio. To the Department of forestry, O. S. U. Please inform me *hat is the best thing that I can do *:,h land which ls too poor to produce *°od crops. I would like to put it to •oine use and have thought of locust :' «?—James Creeley. Answer: If your land has plenty of "■ «ture, perhaps fruit trees would be 'iter than locust. Examine your ""il and observe whether there are ; fruit trees raised in your neighbor- ! on similar soil. If the soil Is too and sandy for fruit trees, perhaps ** and alfalfa would do well. While o^ust would no doubt grow even in a might be disappointing to you. As a rule the poorest kind of soil will produce forest trees If there is moisture at hand during the growing season and the proper amount of heat. Do not Cut Down the White Oak Unless You Must Have the Land for Other Crops.—New Paris, Ohio. To the Forestry Department, O. S. U. I have about 10 acres on which there Is a very heavy stand of second growth white oak. Do you think it would pay me to let the land remain In white oak or would you advise me to cut it and use the land for agricultural crops? I do inform mo whether the eucalyptus would make a good shade tree? Answer: The eucalyptus can not be grown where there is frost enough in the winter to frost the ground, even slightly. A half inch of frost in the ground would destroy this tree. This tree is a semltropic tree, an evergreen boadleaf tree and so far has not been acclimated further north than cental California and southern Texas or Florida. As to it being a good shade tree, where it grows, we can advise that It is not, for in the heat of the day when th sun is the hottest it turns its leaves ter, Poor and sandy soil there would r-ver be but a slow sctwth aad it A 20-year old Black Walnut Plantation from seed. Tippecanoe Ind.—From TJ. S. Yearbook 1909. County, not need the land just now as I have plenty to do with what land I have under cultivation.—Dick Harrison. Answer: As you are not In need of the land for other crops, my advice would be to allow the land to remain in white oak. It is my opinion that lt will prove a good investment, as the time is coming when white oak will be worth good money, and although you may not harvest the crop yet it will be just as if you had money laid up in the bank either for yourself or for your family. Locust Trees a Good Crop.—Lancaster, Ohio. To the Forestry Department, O. S. U. I am about to give up farming my land as the locust trees are giving me so much trouble, keeping me busy grubbing them out. What would you advise me to do in order to get rid of the locust trees? As the locust trees sprout the more readily if their roots are disturbed the mere grubbing out will not kill them unless all the roots are taken out.—Jack Sand°rs. Answer: A very deep plowing is perhaps the best method if followed with a careful raking out of all the roots. However if the farm Is so situated that lt will not produce extra good crops It would be perhaps as good an investment to give over the land to raising locust fence poses, as the time is not far oft when fence posts will bring prices high enough to make it very profitable to raise locust trees for posts. Eucalyptus Can Not Withstand the Frost.—Cincinnati. Ohio.—To the Forestry Department of O. S. V. Please edgewise to the sun and there Is practically no shade under the tree. It has but a small amount of leaves for its size. It is, however, a valuable tree for raising fuel in a short time as it is a quick growing tree, the wood is also valuable for posts and piling. Start Locusts from Seeds to Get the Baest Results.—Lafayette, Ohio. To the forestry department of O. S. U. Please inform me as to what is best for me to do for getting some locusts started on my farm? Should I start them from seeds or should I get seedlings? Answer: We advise the propagation from seeds on the farm as the best and cheapest method. The seeds should be treated In the following rnnner Get a jar or can that will hold at least three times the amount of water the seeds will occupy. Then bring the water in the jar or can to the boiling point. After it has boiled a few minutes pour In your seeds and keep the water stirred while you are pouring In your seeds, but do not allow the water to boil after the seeds are in. aLeave the seeds in the water without further heating for 12 hours. Plant Lux-ast for Fenee Post.—Bell- brook, Ohio. I have some land on my farm which I can not use for agricultural purposes and I would like to plant it to some trees good for fence posts. What trees would you advise me to plant?..A Subscriber. Answer: We advise in this case the two thorned acacia or black locust, not the honey locust. You can either buy the seedlings from some of the nurseries nearest to you or buy the seed. If you buy the seed and wish to plant them so that they come up this year or right away you should place them Into hot water at boiling point over night. Using three times the amount of water per volume as the seed occupy; this will start the germination of the seed. The water must only come to the boiling point and then must be taken from the fire and the seeds must be stirred while they are placed in the water. The aeed should be planted In rows immediately after taking from the water. Plant the rows close enough so that the weeds will have but little chance to come in. The seedlings can then be planted out in the woodlot or field in the fall or next spring. The plantation for fence post should be planted 4x4 or 6x6. They should be so thick as to shade the ground and the trunk of eaeh other. Sandusky, Ohio. I have some rich bottom land not very well drained near my hay farm, and I would like to plant some trees that would make good fence posts, some hardwood trees.—P. Barnes. Answer: The American white ash and black ash, also erm or tamarac would do well on such land. The walnut also should do well. The hardwood trees mentioned are not as good for fence posts as the tamarac. The European tamarac is the best for this purpose, as It is a fast grower, next I would recommend the walnut and ash. HOLD THE SOIL MOISTURE. If every farmer wero compelled to haul and pour over each acre of his farm over 200 barrels of water per day, he would gain some conception of the amount of moisture evaporated from an exposed, uncultivated soil, at this season of the year. This evaporation varies according to the kind and condition of the soil, weather, location, etc., but under average conditions the sun and wind are rapidly drawing from the soil moisture that will be needed later In the season for crop growth. It is Just like drawing dollars from the farmers' pockets. Now is the time to prevent this loss. Soil moisture is valuable. Past records show that an inch of rainfall in July- means $5,000,000 worth of corn to the state of Ohio. While farmers cannot make an Inch of rain fall ln July, they can carry an Inch of soil moisture over from May until July, and that means the same thing. An inch of rainfall means 113 tons of water per acre. If this Is allowed to escape at the rate of 200 barrels per day, It will require only four days to lose the entire Inch. Every farmer who falls to prevent this evaporation Is losing his share of tbat $5,000,000. Are you one of the losers? How can this evaporation be prevented? By cultivating the soil. Keep the surface of the soil ln a flne, loose condition. Follow the plow with the harrow. Harrow the corn fleld often enough to keep a good soil mulch. Don't be stingy with the use of the cultivator. The amount of moisture in the soil this spring is below normal. Moisture is essential to maximum crop production. Conserve your soil moisture. Do it now.—A. B. Graham, Supt. Agricultural Extension of Ohio.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1911, v. 66, no. 23 (June 10) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA6623 |
Date of Original | 1911 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-04-12 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | VOL. LXVI INDIANAPOLIS, JUNE 10, 1911. NO. 23 EXPERT ANSWERS TO FARM yl KSTIONS ALONG THK LINE OF FORESTRY. By C. H. Goetz, Forester, O. S. U., Columbus, Ohio. viil Method too Slow and Costly to be Practical.—Troy, Ohio. To the for- «ter O. S. IJ. Please Inform me whether the combination of sulphuric icid and nitric acid will dissolve rtumps, as I have some stump land which I want to clear.—1_ B. Baker. Answer: The acid will dissolve the ■tump, but it ls too slow a process and too costly to be practical. The use of powder, the stump puller and Are is much cheaper, quicker and more profitable In many places where the land can be left in a pasture it will do but little hurt to leave the stumps until they are well rotted so that they can be pulled with but little trouble. Cedar and Arborvitae Slake Good Wind Braeaks.—Marion, Ohio. To the forester O. S. U. Please inform me as to what is best for planting in this section for windbreaks.—George J. Davis. Answer: Ohio was at one time cov- ««il With hard woods and there were few evergreens found here, and .i'M in later years it has been found that many of the coniferous evergreens will grow well in Ohio if they have the water supply they need through the summer. Wherever then there is enough of thio water supply arborvitae and cedars will do well, and there is no question about these trees not being aome of the best windbreaks for an all year around use. As a rule the hardwoods are of use only in the summer, and when the windbreak ls most needed in the winter they furnish but little protection. Any hardwoods that can be Planted closely together will make aome kind of a windbreak for summer use. Plant Grasses or Trees to Stop Hillside Erosion.—Sidney, Ohio. To the forestry Department, O. S. U. I have •ome land near a creek and there is •orne of it quite steep so that I can not '•rm it. The soil is washing a good deal. What can I do to prevent the •oil from washing?—Jim Dolan. Answer: Fence In that part of your •ind and do not allow your stock to run over it until you have again a good Sround cover. I would advise you to •ow clover or any kind of grass. If, however, the erosion Is too strong and •he grasses will not take hold, plant willows and poplars and sow the seeds of 'he trees which formerly stood on the Sfound. If there are gullies throw 'ocks and brush into them and In this *ay stop the erosion. Trees for Waste Place**—Stone Oeek, Ohio. To the Department of forestry, O. S. U. Please inform me *hat is the best thing that I can do *:,h land which ls too poor to produce *°od crops. I would like to put it to •oine use and have thought of locust :' «?—James Creeley. Answer: If your land has plenty of "■ «ture, perhaps fruit trees would be 'iter than locust. Examine your ""il and observe whether there are ; fruit trees raised in your neighbor- ! on similar soil. If the soil Is too and sandy for fruit trees, perhaps ** and alfalfa would do well. While o^ust would no doubt grow even in a might be disappointing to you. As a rule the poorest kind of soil will produce forest trees If there is moisture at hand during the growing season and the proper amount of heat. Do not Cut Down the White Oak Unless You Must Have the Land for Other Crops.—New Paris, Ohio. To the Forestry Department, O. S. U. I have about 10 acres on which there Is a very heavy stand of second growth white oak. Do you think it would pay me to let the land remain In white oak or would you advise me to cut it and use the land for agricultural crops? I do inform mo whether the eucalyptus would make a good shade tree? Answer: The eucalyptus can not be grown where there is frost enough in the winter to frost the ground, even slightly. A half inch of frost in the ground would destroy this tree. This tree is a semltropic tree, an evergreen boadleaf tree and so far has not been acclimated further north than cental California and southern Texas or Florida. As to it being a good shade tree, where it grows, we can advise that It is not, for in the heat of the day when th sun is the hottest it turns its leaves ter, Poor and sandy soil there would r-ver be but a slow sctwth aad it A 20-year old Black Walnut Plantation from seed. Tippecanoe Ind.—From TJ. S. Yearbook 1909. County, not need the land just now as I have plenty to do with what land I have under cultivation.—Dick Harrison. Answer: As you are not In need of the land for other crops, my advice would be to allow the land to remain in white oak. It is my opinion that lt will prove a good investment, as the time is coming when white oak will be worth good money, and although you may not harvest the crop yet it will be just as if you had money laid up in the bank either for yourself or for your family. Locust Trees a Good Crop.—Lancaster, Ohio. To the Forestry Department, O. S. U. I am about to give up farming my land as the locust trees are giving me so much trouble, keeping me busy grubbing them out. What would you advise me to do in order to get rid of the locust trees? As the locust trees sprout the more readily if their roots are disturbed the mere grubbing out will not kill them unless all the roots are taken out.—Jack Sand°rs. Answer: A very deep plowing is perhaps the best method if followed with a careful raking out of all the roots. However if the farm Is so situated that lt will not produce extra good crops It would be perhaps as good an investment to give over the land to raising locust fence poses, as the time is not far oft when fence posts will bring prices high enough to make it very profitable to raise locust trees for posts. Eucalyptus Can Not Withstand the Frost.—Cincinnati. Ohio.—To the Forestry Department of O. S. V. Please edgewise to the sun and there Is practically no shade under the tree. It has but a small amount of leaves for its size. It is, however, a valuable tree for raising fuel in a short time as it is a quick growing tree, the wood is also valuable for posts and piling. Start Locusts from Seeds to Get the Baest Results.—Lafayette, Ohio. To the forestry department of O. S. U. Please inform me as to what is best for me to do for getting some locusts started on my farm? Should I start them from seeds or should I get seedlings? Answer: We advise the propagation from seeds on the farm as the best and cheapest method. The seeds should be treated In the following rnnner Get a jar or can that will hold at least three times the amount of water the seeds will occupy. Then bring the water in the jar or can to the boiling point. After it has boiled a few minutes pour In your seeds and keep the water stirred while you are pouring In your seeds, but do not allow the water to boil after the seeds are in. aLeave the seeds in the water without further heating for 12 hours. Plant Lux-ast for Fenee Post.—Bell- brook, Ohio. I have some land on my farm which I can not use for agricultural purposes and I would like to plant it to some trees good for fence posts. What trees would you advise me to plant?..A Subscriber. Answer: We advise in this case the two thorned acacia or black locust, not the honey locust. You can either buy the seedlings from some of the nurseries nearest to you or buy the seed. If you buy the seed and wish to plant them so that they come up this year or right away you should place them Into hot water at boiling point over night. Using three times the amount of water per volume as the seed occupy; this will start the germination of the seed. The water must only come to the boiling point and then must be taken from the fire and the seeds must be stirred while they are placed in the water. The aeed should be planted In rows immediately after taking from the water. Plant the rows close enough so that the weeds will have but little chance to come in. The seedlings can then be planted out in the woodlot or field in the fall or next spring. The plantation for fence post should be planted 4x4 or 6x6. They should be so thick as to shade the ground and the trunk of eaeh other. Sandusky, Ohio. I have some rich bottom land not very well drained near my hay farm, and I would like to plant some trees that would make good fence posts, some hardwood trees.—P. Barnes. Answer: The American white ash and black ash, also erm or tamarac would do well on such land. The walnut also should do well. The hardwood trees mentioned are not as good for fence posts as the tamarac. The European tamarac is the best for this purpose, as It is a fast grower, next I would recommend the walnut and ash. HOLD THE SOIL MOISTURE. If every farmer wero compelled to haul and pour over each acre of his farm over 200 barrels of water per day, he would gain some conception of the amount of moisture evaporated from an exposed, uncultivated soil, at this season of the year. This evaporation varies according to the kind and condition of the soil, weather, location, etc., but under average conditions the sun and wind are rapidly drawing from the soil moisture that will be needed later In the season for crop growth. It is Just like drawing dollars from the farmers' pockets. Now is the time to prevent this loss. Soil moisture is valuable. Past records show that an inch of rainfall in July- means $5,000,000 worth of corn to the state of Ohio. While farmers cannot make an Inch of rain fall ln July, they can carry an Inch of soil moisture over from May until July, and that means the same thing. An inch of rainfall means 113 tons of water per acre. If this Is allowed to escape at the rate of 200 barrels per day, It will require only four days to lose the entire Inch. Every farmer who falls to prevent this evaporation Is losing his share of tbat $5,000,000. Are you one of the losers? How can this evaporation be prevented? By cultivating the soil. Keep the surface of the soil ln a flne, loose condition. Follow the plow with the harrow. Harrow the corn fleld often enough to keep a good soil mulch. Don't be stingy with the use of the cultivator. The amount of moisture in the soil this spring is below normal. Moisture is essential to maximum crop production. Conserve your soil moisture. Do it now.—A. B. Graham, Supt. Agricultural Extension of Ohio. |
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