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VOL. LXIV INDIANAPOLIS, JUNE 19, 1909. NO. 24 The Much Despised Corn Cob. By Walter S. Smith. Editors Indiana Farmer: Corn cobs are rated by farmers about like saw dust and broom corn seed, in point of fertility; and all three are thrown away, or burned as worthless matter. In fact, at some elevators, where corn is shelled by hundreds of wagon loads, a furnace is provided and the cobs are dumped into it from the shel- ler, to go up in smoke. This is a. great waste, fully as great as burning the strawstack. The cob is especially rich in soil food. The large residue in the way of ashes indicates potash. The tierce heat of the cob- fire indicates much carbon; and a chemical analysis will show the pres- . nee of phosphorus and lime in no mean quantity. In fact, there is no waste material in the eob. it is only a little difficult to make available, because slow to rot. But there are two ways in which this may be overcome. First a farmer who has a corn crusher can run a load of cobs through It in a few minutes, and thus render them available to oxygen. Second, they may be plowed under, more easily than any other form of raw unrotted material except saw dust; and here their slow process of disintegration will be the very thing desired. Nothing can be better under the surface of meadow-land or more useful as a feeder for the roots of the trees in an orchard. I know this by experience. I plowed and tended my present little orchard for eight years. Beforethe last breaking, I covered the surface all over with half-decayed cobs from our elevator (which fortunately has no incinerator) and, with a one-horse bar-shovel plow, I turned them under four to six inches deep. It is now the third summer since this was done, and anyone can notice the effect on the trees. They are thrifty and their fruit is large and well- shaped. The slow decay is just what proves best for the supply of potash and phosphorus and lime for the trees. Incidentally, I noticed there has not been a mole in the orchard since the cobs were plowed under; and as they are quite active just outside, I suppose my cobs act as a hindrance. The crushed cobs, when partially rotted, can be used anywhere, as they will thus not be in the way of the plow or the hoe. And after one year under ground the uncrushed cob will be sufficiently rotted to be free from that objection. As the meadow is allowed to run two to live years, they will be entirely unobjectionable as an under feed there. I notice in my orchard now, that when I put the spade down for any purpose, it brings up a splendid soil well mixed with humus. Arlington. Fill's and Mosquitoes. By C. J. W. Editors Indiana Farmer: If flies and mosquitoes have no place to breed and feed, their numbers will be few. In the matter of flies there is little need to be troubled with them, unless one has close neighbors who are overrun with them. Location has a Jiood deal to do about mosquitoes, those living on or near low wet ground being much more troubled with them. There is nothing more enticing to the house fly than milk. Where swill pails are left about the house or barn, coated with sour, decomposing milk there will be a swarm of flies. The old fashioned swill barrel is always black with them. If the milk and separator rooms, stables etc., are not kept cleaned up here will congregate swarms of flies. Since looking after these things thoroly we are troubled little with flies. Indoors, all mosquito crop very much smaller and lessen the danger of disease. In addition to all these things I have my house well screened, with stout springs on all doors. Flies are scaven- gsrs, they do but feed upon the decomposing waste, and very often, perhaps cause diptheria, typhoid and malaria. Where there is not food for them they will not obtrude themselves. The moral is obvious. Keep clean, out doors and in. Glover, Vt. .■ ■ ■ MR **'■ ;* *■' ,; ■'"-_*■■■ -**.« Judging Cattle, Indiana State Fair Coliseum. milk, meat or other food for flies is kept covered and used when fresh, none left standing to decompose and attract flies. No garbage is left in the cellar to decay. If swill is saved at the house it is saved in a pan, emptied every day and the pan washed and scalded. Mrs. W. will not harbor a swill pail in her house. Slops are never thrown upon the ground to decompose in the sun and breed fever as well as flies. Here we have running water and the waste pipe is constantly flushed with fresh water. At its outlet some distance from the house it spreads out over the ground and dries away. Here the fowls on the place search out every crumb or bit of food, so nothing remains to cause noxious smells or breeding places or feeding places for flies. The separator room is at the barn and the skim milk pails are washed often and kept covered when not in use as are the separators. We are careful about spilling milk around. About many barns there are cess pools that stand all summer. If the drainage cannot be remedied they should be filled with absorbent material, both for health and for economy's sake. Horse manure is a great breeding place for flies. Let the hogs onto it to keep it from heating, and get it out as quickly as possible in the spring, and any time when it needs it. Where ground is low and there are wet boggy puddles, fill them if possible, if not pour on them every week or two, a small quantity of kerosene. If this is done early enough it will make the New Bulletin on Expei Work. incut Station The 57 Agricultural Experiment Stations in the United States issue a vast number of bulletins and reports. The Federal Department of Agriculture five or six times a year skims the cream from the best of these and churns into being a Farmers' Bulletin on this "Experiment Station Work." The latest of this series, which is now in press is Farmers' Bulletin 360, (to be issued about June 1) contains nine short articles, at least one of which should interest every one living on a farm. "Distance Between Corn Hills" contains valuable points for corn growers in the Mississippi Valley region if not for all corn growers—the results of extensive experiments in Illinois. Another ar ticle discusses trees along our streets and highways. Another is weed eradication by use of chemicals. Wild mustard, wild radish, dodder, daisies, cocklebur, bindweed, ragweed, chicory, dock and other weeds were partially or wholly destroyed in oat lields where cheap spraying experiments were made for the extermination of mustard. "Spraying should be done on a warm bright day, after the dew has disappeared." The solution used was iron sulphate, costing about 5 0 cents an acre. "Market Classes and Grades of Sheep" is an exhaustive article—almost a bulletin in itself, compiled, from a number of reports. Vetch hay and vetch silage, it is stated, under this head, is in many instances o nthe farm replacing red clover. It is a great nitrogen gatherer. It is valuable as a catch crop, as a cover crop in orchards, as a honey producer. The digestibility of kale as a feed is another subject discussed. Kale is rich in protein or muscle forming constituents. A single plant of Thousand-headed kale often weighs thirty pounds and yields of 30 to 4 Otons, green, per acre, are not uncommon. An article on the nutrition and digestibility of hulled corn and one on methods of mixing fat into dough bring out some good points for the housewife's study. The bulletin le frea- asn application. Millet. ESdltori Indiana Farmer: The growing scarcity and high price of farm hands makes it very important lhat farmers raise the crops that require the least labor. Where help is plenty, and not too dear, the corn crop and the silo are very profitable, but in dairy sections nr where beef cat- tle ars- raised and wintered I find that millet is a much cheaper and more satisfactory crop. This past season that has been so hot and dry Shortened the hay crop materially. Being late in getting in the crops in spring Japanese millet was sown instead of planting to corn. The ground was carefully plowed and thoroly manured, and a liberal coating of stable manure applied. Millet seed was sown with a seeder at the rate of 15 pounds of seed to the acre. The stone was picked clean and the surface smoothed with a land roller. It came up quickly but the drouth held it right there for a long time. A little rain started it into growth and as soon as it shaded the ground enough to hold the moisture of the heavy dews it grew rapidly. When it began to head it stood Ave feet high on an average; in many places over six. On three acres of ground we harvested 15 tons of dry hay. It was cut when tin snd was in the milk, and carefully cured, utial the cattle ate it greedily. It Is heartier than our meadow hay. A eow will not eat so large a quantity at aa i's s d and the will eat it clean. The stalks, altho as large at the bass' as a mans' finger, are not woody, and the cattle eat them clean. The expense was small compared to the returns. The lield needed reseeding, so had to be plowed any way. The fertilizer was produced on the farm. After the crop was off grass seed was sown on the stubble and as It was well smoothed it is ready to produce hay another year. Some in this section cut the millet twice. It is finer and easier to cure, not so likely to get damaged by rain, but the hay is not so hearty. The yield in tons is somewhat greater and either method is profitable. A farmer with his team can do the greater part of this labor alone; all of it in fact except carting the hay. It does not require sowing until late, therefore there is plenty of time for preparing the ground properly. As frost will kill the young plants there is danger of losing the crop if sowed too early. It makes excellent green feed for milch cows. Some like it better than corn. I like it equally as well. Taking all things into consideration I am very much pleased with it. H. M. P. The wheat has stooled out and come forward wonderfully in the past few weeks; from being considered almost worthless many (ields will turn out from 20 to 25 bushels per acre.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1909, v. 64, no. 24 (June 19) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA6424 |
Date of Original | 1909 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-03-23 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | VOL. LXIV INDIANAPOLIS, JUNE 19, 1909. NO. 24 The Much Despised Corn Cob. By Walter S. Smith. Editors Indiana Farmer: Corn cobs are rated by farmers about like saw dust and broom corn seed, in point of fertility; and all three are thrown away, or burned as worthless matter. In fact, at some elevators, where corn is shelled by hundreds of wagon loads, a furnace is provided and the cobs are dumped into it from the shel- ler, to go up in smoke. This is a. great waste, fully as great as burning the strawstack. The cob is especially rich in soil food. The large residue in the way of ashes indicates potash. The tierce heat of the cob- fire indicates much carbon; and a chemical analysis will show the pres- . nee of phosphorus and lime in no mean quantity. In fact, there is no waste material in the eob. it is only a little difficult to make available, because slow to rot. But there are two ways in which this may be overcome. First a farmer who has a corn crusher can run a load of cobs through It in a few minutes, and thus render them available to oxygen. Second, they may be plowed under, more easily than any other form of raw unrotted material except saw dust; and here their slow process of disintegration will be the very thing desired. Nothing can be better under the surface of meadow-land or more useful as a feeder for the roots of the trees in an orchard. I know this by experience. I plowed and tended my present little orchard for eight years. Beforethe last breaking, I covered the surface all over with half-decayed cobs from our elevator (which fortunately has no incinerator) and, with a one-horse bar-shovel plow, I turned them under four to six inches deep. It is now the third summer since this was done, and anyone can notice the effect on the trees. They are thrifty and their fruit is large and well- shaped. The slow decay is just what proves best for the supply of potash and phosphorus and lime for the trees. Incidentally, I noticed there has not been a mole in the orchard since the cobs were plowed under; and as they are quite active just outside, I suppose my cobs act as a hindrance. The crushed cobs, when partially rotted, can be used anywhere, as they will thus not be in the way of the plow or the hoe. And after one year under ground the uncrushed cob will be sufficiently rotted to be free from that objection. As the meadow is allowed to run two to live years, they will be entirely unobjectionable as an under feed there. I notice in my orchard now, that when I put the spade down for any purpose, it brings up a splendid soil well mixed with humus. Arlington. Fill's and Mosquitoes. By C. J. W. Editors Indiana Farmer: If flies and mosquitoes have no place to breed and feed, their numbers will be few. In the matter of flies there is little need to be troubled with them, unless one has close neighbors who are overrun with them. Location has a Jiood deal to do about mosquitoes, those living on or near low wet ground being much more troubled with them. There is nothing more enticing to the house fly than milk. Where swill pails are left about the house or barn, coated with sour, decomposing milk there will be a swarm of flies. The old fashioned swill barrel is always black with them. If the milk and separator rooms, stables etc., are not kept cleaned up here will congregate swarms of flies. Since looking after these things thoroly we are troubled little with flies. Indoors, all mosquito crop very much smaller and lessen the danger of disease. In addition to all these things I have my house well screened, with stout springs on all doors. Flies are scaven- gsrs, they do but feed upon the decomposing waste, and very often, perhaps cause diptheria, typhoid and malaria. Where there is not food for them they will not obtrude themselves. The moral is obvious. Keep clean, out doors and in. Glover, Vt. .■ ■ ■ MR **'■ ;* *■' ,; ■'"-_*■■■ -**.« Judging Cattle, Indiana State Fair Coliseum. milk, meat or other food for flies is kept covered and used when fresh, none left standing to decompose and attract flies. No garbage is left in the cellar to decay. If swill is saved at the house it is saved in a pan, emptied every day and the pan washed and scalded. Mrs. W. will not harbor a swill pail in her house. Slops are never thrown upon the ground to decompose in the sun and breed fever as well as flies. Here we have running water and the waste pipe is constantly flushed with fresh water. At its outlet some distance from the house it spreads out over the ground and dries away. Here the fowls on the place search out every crumb or bit of food, so nothing remains to cause noxious smells or breeding places or feeding places for flies. The separator room is at the barn and the skim milk pails are washed often and kept covered when not in use as are the separators. We are careful about spilling milk around. About many barns there are cess pools that stand all summer. If the drainage cannot be remedied they should be filled with absorbent material, both for health and for economy's sake. Horse manure is a great breeding place for flies. Let the hogs onto it to keep it from heating, and get it out as quickly as possible in the spring, and any time when it needs it. Where ground is low and there are wet boggy puddles, fill them if possible, if not pour on them every week or two, a small quantity of kerosene. If this is done early enough it will make the New Bulletin on Expei Work. incut Station The 57 Agricultural Experiment Stations in the United States issue a vast number of bulletins and reports. The Federal Department of Agriculture five or six times a year skims the cream from the best of these and churns into being a Farmers' Bulletin on this "Experiment Station Work." The latest of this series, which is now in press is Farmers' Bulletin 360, (to be issued about June 1) contains nine short articles, at least one of which should interest every one living on a farm. "Distance Between Corn Hills" contains valuable points for corn growers in the Mississippi Valley region if not for all corn growers—the results of extensive experiments in Illinois. Another ar ticle discusses trees along our streets and highways. Another is weed eradication by use of chemicals. Wild mustard, wild radish, dodder, daisies, cocklebur, bindweed, ragweed, chicory, dock and other weeds were partially or wholly destroyed in oat lields where cheap spraying experiments were made for the extermination of mustard. "Spraying should be done on a warm bright day, after the dew has disappeared." The solution used was iron sulphate, costing about 5 0 cents an acre. "Market Classes and Grades of Sheep" is an exhaustive article—almost a bulletin in itself, compiled, from a number of reports. Vetch hay and vetch silage, it is stated, under this head, is in many instances o nthe farm replacing red clover. It is a great nitrogen gatherer. It is valuable as a catch crop, as a cover crop in orchards, as a honey producer. The digestibility of kale as a feed is another subject discussed. Kale is rich in protein or muscle forming constituents. A single plant of Thousand-headed kale often weighs thirty pounds and yields of 30 to 4 Otons, green, per acre, are not uncommon. An article on the nutrition and digestibility of hulled corn and one on methods of mixing fat into dough bring out some good points for the housewife's study. The bulletin le frea- asn application. Millet. ESdltori Indiana Farmer: The growing scarcity and high price of farm hands makes it very important lhat farmers raise the crops that require the least labor. Where help is plenty, and not too dear, the corn crop and the silo are very profitable, but in dairy sections nr where beef cat- tle ars- raised and wintered I find that millet is a much cheaper and more satisfactory crop. This past season that has been so hot and dry Shortened the hay crop materially. Being late in getting in the crops in spring Japanese millet was sown instead of planting to corn. The ground was carefully plowed and thoroly manured, and a liberal coating of stable manure applied. Millet seed was sown with a seeder at the rate of 15 pounds of seed to the acre. The stone was picked clean and the surface smoothed with a land roller. It came up quickly but the drouth held it right there for a long time. A little rain started it into growth and as soon as it shaded the ground enough to hold the moisture of the heavy dews it grew rapidly. When it began to head it stood Ave feet high on an average; in many places over six. On three acres of ground we harvested 15 tons of dry hay. It was cut when tin snd was in the milk, and carefully cured, utial the cattle ate it greedily. It Is heartier than our meadow hay. A eow will not eat so large a quantity at aa i's s d and the will eat it clean. The stalks, altho as large at the bass' as a mans' finger, are not woody, and the cattle eat them clean. The expense was small compared to the returns. The lield needed reseeding, so had to be plowed any way. The fertilizer was produced on the farm. After the crop was off grass seed was sown on the stubble and as It was well smoothed it is ready to produce hay another year. Some in this section cut the millet twice. It is finer and easier to cure, not so likely to get damaged by rain, but the hay is not so hearty. The yield in tons is somewhat greater and either method is profitable. A farmer with his team can do the greater part of this labor alone; all of it in fact except carting the hay. It does not require sowing until late, therefore there is plenty of time for preparing the ground properly. As frost will kill the young plants there is danger of losing the crop if sowed too early. It makes excellent green feed for milch cows. Some like it better than corn. I like it equally as well. Taking all things into consideration I am very much pleased with it. H. M. P. The wheat has stooled out and come forward wonderfully in the past few weeks; from being considered almost worthless many (ields will turn out from 20 to 25 bushels per acre. |
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