Th.' tirst great snow
a.  in.,
A Permanent Pasture.
Ktlitois  Iisslisissa   Fanner:
f the season this
December 4th. At 4 o'clock wind
Rowing from the southwest, with leaves
ssiisl grass dry as crisp and burning along
railroad, set by passing locomotives. It
soon began to snssw, and at this hour,
■<:'M>. six inches of snow lias fallen, and
still coming down as if the half hadn't
landed; trees are loaded to the point of
breaking by the weight of the piling
Hakes.
Not a hoof has beeu fed on the farm to
ihis date, excepting milk cows and teams:
but some 70 cattle and about 1,000 sheep
retained their keep on the permanent pasture lands of Millerton farm, which, to
answer your inquiry for the benefit of
your readers, how those old pastures
have beeu maintained or made to yield almost continuous grazing—I can't say,
unless it is the "balanced ration" of plant
food, contained in our clay soils, fairly
well underdrained by numerous tile
ditches, laid now more thau twenty years,
and so that together with the feeding and
spreading of the waste (manure) by the
animals themselves ,as they usually lie ou
the higher places and at- dissolved
finds its way directly into the ss.il there,
and at lower levels, maintains a top dressing  to the growing rootlets and  plants.
Not too close grazing in the earlier part
■ ■I the season, later on affords protection
to the roots and plants when the hot dry
weather conies, and generally affects all
vegetation. And of course with a sm
plus of plant growth iu May and June:
Inter as in 1907, a new crop springs np
to be fed off along with dead and decaying
stems, but in a season like this, with
scarcely any rain iu four months, it be-
ssimes as cured food, retaining all the essential properties, as about the most perfect food for the cattle and sheep—that is,
ills' "mullet heads" kept at Millerton
farm as they are at home there, as their
managers have found by a life
time experience what is the most
suitable for the land, and as the proprietor sees fit to handle it. A word of explanation about those "mullet heads."
Some years ago when neighbors' lambs
fl ure .lying, trying to subsist on the dry
-'lass, as we had nt the time, and some
inquiry was made if "Miller'sweredying,"
the answer by one was, "no, but they
wouhl if they weren't "mullet heads."
Merino sheep (grade Detained). For this
is well known by men of experience that
The American Merino flourishes on our
•Iry pastures of permanent conditions,
while some other classes of sheep, and
eattle sis well, do not. Being of a pampered .lass and consequently plethoric
constitution (referredto as extra fat) without substitute feeds of a soft succulent na-
irre. such as liran mash, roots, etc.,
gradually deteriorate, wither and die.
llsirsss llourish on short native grass better than the cultivated kimls. A neigh-
oor has some colts that have livesl ou
snort native' grass, that show the fat ns
'h'.y walk. Imt they nre not of the pamper s| imported type, but eleven s.r twelve
hui'Ved pounders at maturity.
[let   head   cnttle.     the   little   muleys.
Polled thrive ansl llourish quite as
the Merino sheep, nnd  with  suffer there isn't  any  discount on
ntages as graziers, being a dual
and
well
ti.i.'iil
tlieir a.
ing constantly supplied with extra feeding
oi   certain qualities.
Wliile ths? writer stowed Kentucky and
English bluegrass Beed over the fields
Sears ago, also alsike and red clover,
creating a mixed sward, that is coming
ansl going the season through, with the
native grasses the great majority s.f our
tanners will persist in plowing up a sosl
for a "running out," when as a matter ssf
fact, it is just "running in." ssr getting in
that permanent rendition t.s become of
true value to the farm as pasture fur any
and all stock kept b.v the average farmer.
sssil deposits.
Tlis- varied ursislss ,,f s.sil. occurring in
our Stats1, slue ts. glacial action are rery
well adapted tsa tin' pursuit of agriculture
in all s.f its different phases. Here we
'■"ins' iipssn al! sssiis ssf sssil either in its
primitive condition iuixesl with foreign ingredients whish give it an especial adaptation tss tlis' varied branches s.f ;iiri-ii-.ii-
tur.'
The mixing ssf earthy materials to form
snnd} loam, clay loam ami Mack loan.
und ssther kinds of soils, was accomplished
t.y ths- deposition of transported masses of
type, forVnilk and beef, over some other
distinctiveWeeds. masle so and to be
maiotninedA ils  t„  what  they  attain,  be-
llillsisie     Orchard    of     Mr.   IT.
T. Cox,  Pres. Ohi.
Bockwood, Ohio.
State  Horticultural    Society,
However. I believe that more are coming to see the errors of tlieir old ways, to
plow less—retaining more permanent pasture—and cultivate better what they sh,
farm, doubling the yiehl thereby as ssnne
are crossing on, or building up the flock
of  mullet head   sheep:   for   when   one   cau
load a wagon drawn by a span of 25-year-
old,  1,100 pound mules. $1,500 worth of
wssol from 600 to 750 head, t" say nothing
of the lamb crop to a like amount in
value it looks easy money ts. an all-hog
man. *■ -%•
Indiana's Glacial Soils.
Kalitore  Indiana  Farmer:
Ms.st s.f the sssil in Insliana is the direct
result ..f deposits made by glaciers during
that period of the earth's history known
as the glacial    ssr    ise age,    anil    no state
shows abetter tl Sects of glacial action
than ours. The story ssf these immense
ninsses of ice, as tliey pushed their irresistible way southward from the higher northern latitudes, is clearly written ou the
surface of our lands lying north of the
(Ihi.i river, in unmistakable characters sif
ice eroded valleys, rounded ami polished
mountain tops. sc.s..pesl out lake basins.
granite boolders, changed river curses,
massivs' morainic hills, valuable elay beds,
ss,ml sis.p.ssits. gravel accumulations ami
layers ■■!'  fertile  soil.
insliana. altho located in a
glaciated region, has very little
evidence of the ise ertfjuon. The most important relics ..I' glaWStion are found in
,i„ formation of hik.'s in the northern
part, in changing s.r stream courses and in
rocks ami earth, during the melting and
receding periods of these great ice sheets.
As a result, very little of the soil of Indiana, except in the counties lying south
oi the glacial boundaries and just north of
the Ohio river is native, or residual. The
soil in the different Motions ssf the State
which was originally formed b.v marine
sedimentation and decay of stratified aud
igus?ons ru'jks in place, has been s-.smplete-
ly enveloped ami covered up by the subsequent deposits from the melting glaciers
T< tha' action ssf the glaciers, ms.rs- than t'i
any other agency, we owe the wonderful
productiveness of Hoosier soil. The pe-
culiarity of the situation is that of the gla-
s-ial effe.ts are all north of the Ohio river.
Before tlse sssil transported on the backs
of glaciers or pushed along by them was
left st mailed in Indiana, the original soil
must have resembled the linu-stoue soil of
the blue grass regions just across the
river in Kentucky; but the work ofthe
glacier changed this condition fssr the
tetter for the high state of cultivation
and production which msw obtains within
the borders of onr commonwealth. In
the northern part .sf the state where the
waters ... what sue isssw i.nka's Michigan,
Huron ami Kris- wsis' dammed bask by
tic nonthtorflrd moving i.e masses, today
wr find morainic formations ami between
them stretches of randy plains, remnants
of former lake bottoms ami betaches. In
this section we discover ideal conditions
tat agriculture .iml it is here that farming
reaches a high plane of development. The
sandy loam is conducive t.s great prs.slu,'-
tivifv, and    here    intensive    farming   ami
truck   gardening   is  carried     ou   to  supply
the demands of Chicago markets.
Prom the fourth tier sst Northern Insliana casunties comprising the samly tracts.
southward as far as the boundary ssf tls.
glacial drift, there occurs s.sni" sst the best
sssil found in the United States and its tit
Iness for general agriculture contributes
in no small degree, to the wealth ate,
I rosperity s.f the State. All the cereal"
that inn Is., grsswn anywhere within our
bssraler ainl almost any fruits ssf the tempera 11' /.■ siss' may be produced in this ^,. -
t ion.
Th.' various forms of hsaius. resulting
from ihs' glacial drift deposits, s.we their
differences in the mechanical makeup i<
the distance rhey are found from the principal moraines in any particular. locality.
Tin' s..ils covering the morainic hills an'
usually composed of gravel, more or les*
■ sarss'. while beyond the terminals of
these glaciers appear finer deposits of
sandy loam or clay loam. Iu the gently
sloping areas above the moraines and m-
v.arsls the direction from whence the
glaciers same, alsss appears a finer ami
better grade of sssil than is fonnd over the
decidedly rolling surface. At the outer ie.r-
tis.ns of the terminal murium-!. stsua!!v
scenr the great piles of boulders ate!
lie stones. These, together, with great
quantities s.t: soaped up residual soil.
were pushed along before the advancing
front of the ice masses, and naturally,
when the glaciers melted under changed
climatic conditions, they were left just as
\\<   find tlieni today.
The layers of clay, sand and tine gravel
anil the different mixtures ssf these soil essentials fonnd beyond these coarse de"
psssits nre due to sedimentation and mixing by water issuing from the stub-glacial
tunnels.
Black loam or muck soil is an indirect
result of glaciation. Depressions between
the viirons kinds of moraines were subsequently rilled with wnter, and later ssn. by
the ers.siou of inflowng water and sesliuu n
tntion of detritus borne into these small
lakes, they were changed into bogs and
swamps. Finally wheu these marshes
became completely tilled with remnants of
aquactic plants and soil washings, and the
ilrainnge became ny>re effective, the whole
aiea was converted into muck besls and
pent layers.
No Stnte iu the Union is better located
for the carrying on of agriculture and few
states are more prosperous, ns far as
the fanners nre concened. than Insliana
and the greatest source of her wealth ties
in her glacial soils.
II. S. Chamberlain.
BE CAREFUL WITH GASOLINE.
This item appeared in one of onr dailies
last  S:iti|s.-s(a\ ;
Kate Weishoff. 10 years oM, filed suit
for damages against the Stauslanl Oi:
Company in Jcstiee of the Pease Hutchinson** court yesterday afternoon ami was
ewarded a judgment of $125 nfter that
amount luul been agreed upon b.v both
pnrtis's.
According tsi the complaint the com1
pany s,,|,| her gnsoHhe when she aski'sl fssi
kerosene, Nov. 11. Miss Weishoff pr.i-
ceeded on the evening of the same day ts
tip a lamp with the liquid she had purchased.. When she applied a burning
match the result was an explosion, whish
left her with a badly burnesl hand, -..
scorched dress ami ringed hair.