Page 1 |
Previous | 1 of 16 | Next |
|
|
Loading content ...
%xntxitnct jDeukrtmcut SELLING SOIL FERTILITY. Save the Straw. lst Premium.—The subject of soil fertility and how it may be maintained, is a vital problem today. The fact that many New England farms have been abandoned, while in England, after 2000 years of continuous cropping, the soil produces a greater average yield of wheat than we raise, indicates that the problem has not yet been solved in some parts of this country. It is self evident that properties cannot be withdrawn from the soil which it does cot possess; and that no matter how fertile a soil may be to begin with, if it is continually drained and nothing added to it, it will in time become depleted. A lake with an outlet but no inlet will in time run dry. In the past the chief aim was to get as much out of the soil as possible without making any return. Many people predicted that our rich soil would never wear out, or, if it did, they could simply move to a more virgin soil and begin anew. But in more recent years it has been realized that new methods must be instituted or many of our farms would become worthiest.), and today as we drive along the country roads we can. pick out the farms where this problem has been grappled with and is being solved. At first our soil was rich, and yielded crops where conditions were at all favorable, but after the producing properties are once withdrawn it can only return to us what is first supplied to it. To maintain its productiveness, the soil must contain a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. It has been estimated that the value of these properties in a ton of wheat amounts to $7.91, or that it would cost this amount to return them in the form of commercial fertilizers. Since 200 bushels of wheat weighs six tons, the value of these properties in this amount would be $47.46. In a ton of straw these properties are found to the value of $2.18, and, estimating the amount of straw on ten acres at eight tons, the nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash in this amount would be worth $17.44. Altogether these properties withdrawn from the soil in raising 200 bushels of wheat on ten acres would be valued at $64.90. Tbis estimate would not hold good, however, in all cases, as there is a difference in the commercial and the producing value of these constituents. Still it tends to show the drain that one crop makes on the soil, and emphasizes the need of taking measures to restore these properties to the soil to prevent its depletion. By most farmers the straw would be considered more valuable tban the estimate given, as when properly handled it would be worth more after being used for liedding than before, since it would absorb a large quantity of liquid manure which would make it rich in nitrogen. And the straw not only adds to the soil the constituents which it contains, but loosens it up, lets in the air and moisture and adds to its texture. The farmer who sells his straw off the place is starting on the road the goal of which is failure. R. J- An Important Topic. 2d Premium.—This question of selling our soil fertility by selling our, wheat and not making proper use of the straw by Retting it back to the soil a^ plant foqd( is certainly a very appropriate question for discussion on the Experience page of the Indiana Farmer, and it should receive due consideration from its many readers. Many of us do not stop to think how we are robbing our soil by selling the wheat and allowing the straw to go to waste. I'he soil gets nothing in return. Now there is a vast difference in the natural fertility of soils! Some do-noT produce well from the start, unless special attentiou is given to making them produce. Others produce well for a few crops and then rapidly diminish in fertility. Others, known as "strong" DISEASE AND DEATH IN JULY. The State Board of Health Bulletin for July says: Diarrhoea was reported as the most prevalent disease followed by cholera morbus, dysentery, and cholera infantum. It was predicted in the bulletin of the preceding month that diarrhoeal diseases would lead the list in July. As soon as the people learn to take proper sanitary care of all foods including water, they will be much freer from diarrhoeal diseases. The order of disease prevalence in July was as follows: Diarrhoea, cholera morbus, dysentery, cholera infnn- A Grant County Farm Residence; Chas. Gibson, Owner. soils, remain productive for many years without much attention to their fertility, but even the strongest soil will wear in time unless it is intelligently managed. Thenin order to grow 20 bus. p?r acre on good 83il, or 1200 pounds of wheat, it requires 25 pounds of nitrogen, 12^ pounds phosphoric acid, 7 pounds potash, 1 pound lime; and to grow the straw for 20 bushels of wheat, or 2,000 pounds, will require 10 pounds nitrogen 7% pounds phosphoric acid, 28 pounds potash and 7 pounds lime. By these figures it is plain to see there is quite a drain upon the plant food in the soil to grow a crop of wheat of 20 bushels per acre. However, wheat is easier on land than either corn, oats or barley. Nitrogen in many respects is the most important elemeat of plant food. This soil nitrogen is usually the first to become exhausted, and unless soon made use of by growing plants is washed out of the soil and is lost. The cost of replacing the soil fertility depends upon whether we buy it or produce it. There is no fertilizer made that is better or as good as that which is produced upon the farm. Then for the land we have depleted by selling our wheat we should make good use of the straw and keep plenty of stock to produce plant food. Reader. of No. 652, Sept.—Explain the process budding and grafting fruit trees. No. 65.3, Sept. 12.—Tell how to make cider vinegar and fruit butters. Twenty million feathers are sent from 4"Je_rifs*ny to England every year for millinery purposes. turn, tonsilitis, rheumatism, typhoid fever (enteric) bronchitis, intermittent and remittent fever, inflammation of bowels, whooping cough, scarlet fever, diphtheria and membranous croup, measles smallpox, typho-malaria fever, pleuratis. pneumonia cerebro-spinal meningitis, influenza, erysipelas, puerperal fever and ehickenpox. Smallpox: 65 cases in thirteen counties with no deaths. In the corresponding month last year, 74 cases in 21 counties with no deaths. The disease existed unusually in Clark County, 10 cases; Marion 28: and St. Joseph, 11. Tuberculosis: This disease wrought its usual havoc casiog 339 deaths, 134 males and 205 females. Of the males, 26 were married in the age period of 18 to 40 and left 52 orphans under 12 years of age. Of the females, 79 were married in the same age period and left 140 orphans under 12 years of age. This awful disease, therefore, put 96 young fathers and njothers in the grave and made 192 orphans. The monster, consumption, can be controlled when the health authorities are permitted tc fight it. Pneumonia: Caused 60 death, 35 males and 25 females. 12 infants under one year of age died from pneumonia and one person over 90 years of age. In the corresponding month last year pneumonia caused 84 deaths. Typhoid Fever: 207 cases reported in 53 counties with 58 deaths. In the corresponding month last year, 312 cases in G4 counties with 53 deaths. The amount of typhoid fever a community has is a mea sure of its intelligence aad cleanliness. Violence: Violence caused 207 deaths, 159 males and 48 females. Of the number, 10 were murders, 7 males and 3 females. 26 were suicides, 23 males and 3 females. 171 were accidents, 129 males and 42 females. Of the murders, 7 were by gunshots, 2 by cutting and one by drowning. Of the suicides, 12 were by gunshots, 2 by hanging, 3 by drowning, 6 by carbolic acid, 2 by strychnia, and 2 by railroad trains. Of these accideatal deaths deaths by violence, 45 were by steam railroads, 2 by trolley lines, 5 by gunshots, 11 by burns and scalds, 28 by drowning 7 by lightning, 12 by horses and vehicles, 9 by sun stroke, 17 by falls, 6 by asphyxiation and suffocation, 2 by carbolic acid and the remainder by various means. Effect of Moisture on Wheat. The wheat breeders of the Department of Agriculture are making an interesting study of nutritive content of wheat under varying cultural conditons. Results already attained indicate the tremendous changes which can be made in grain by employing different methods of cultivation. The most striking experiment was in growing durum or macaroni wheat under conditions of plentiful irrigation in comparison with "dry land" farmiug meth ods. Durum wheat is essentially a dryland wheat, succeeding best on a very limited rainfall. If grown in the heavier rainfall belt it gradually loses its flinty, macaroni-making qualities. In this test tne wheat berries produced under "dry" cultivation were typical of such wheat- hard, flinty, transucent, very heary and contained overj.8 per cent of protein. The same weed grown oaan adjacent field, bnt heavily irrigated, proiraced a soft, dull- looking grain containing only 12 per cent oi protein. Heretofore increased yield has been the main desideratum of the farmer or wheat growers, quality is now comin? to be reeog nized as au almost equally important factor. The countries which are our greatest wheat buyers generally purchase wheat on the basis of protein content; that is, on the basis of the weight per bushel and the weight per thousand grains, while in some markets the purchase is on the basis of actual chemical analysis. It is stated by the Department officials to be therefore a matter of coasiderable importance, in order to retain our foreign markets and maintain our commercial supremacy and national reputation as producers of high-grade wheat that the closest attention should be paid not only to the production of high-yielding wheats but also to the cultivation of varieties having a high- protein content, with a view to growing wheats which combine these two characteristics^—high gluten content and large yields. Punctuation by means of stops and points, so as to indicate the meaning of sentences and assist the reader to a proper enunciation, is ascribed originally to Aristophanes, a grammarian of Alexandria, Egypt, who lived in the third century B. C. Whatever his system may have been, it was subsequently neglected and forgotten, but was reintroduced by Charlemagne, the various stops and symbols being designed by Warnefried and Alcuin. It takes about 2,000,000 cords of wood a year to make the newspapers that go through the presses of New Tork City.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1908, v. 63, no. 35 (Aug. 29) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA6335 |
Date of Original | 1908 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-03-23 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | %xntxitnct jDeukrtmcut SELLING SOIL FERTILITY. Save the Straw. lst Premium.—The subject of soil fertility and how it may be maintained, is a vital problem today. The fact that many New England farms have been abandoned, while in England, after 2000 years of continuous cropping, the soil produces a greater average yield of wheat than we raise, indicates that the problem has not yet been solved in some parts of this country. It is self evident that properties cannot be withdrawn from the soil which it does cot possess; and that no matter how fertile a soil may be to begin with, if it is continually drained and nothing added to it, it will in time become depleted. A lake with an outlet but no inlet will in time run dry. In the past the chief aim was to get as much out of the soil as possible without making any return. Many people predicted that our rich soil would never wear out, or, if it did, they could simply move to a more virgin soil and begin anew. But in more recent years it has been realized that new methods must be instituted or many of our farms would become worthiest.), and today as we drive along the country roads we can. pick out the farms where this problem has been grappled with and is being solved. At first our soil was rich, and yielded crops where conditions were at all favorable, but after the producing properties are once withdrawn it can only return to us what is first supplied to it. To maintain its productiveness, the soil must contain a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. It has been estimated that the value of these properties in a ton of wheat amounts to $7.91, or that it would cost this amount to return them in the form of commercial fertilizers. Since 200 bushels of wheat weighs six tons, the value of these properties in this amount would be $47.46. In a ton of straw these properties are found to the value of $2.18, and, estimating the amount of straw on ten acres at eight tons, the nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash in this amount would be worth $17.44. Altogether these properties withdrawn from the soil in raising 200 bushels of wheat on ten acres would be valued at $64.90. Tbis estimate would not hold good, however, in all cases, as there is a difference in the commercial and the producing value of these constituents. Still it tends to show the drain that one crop makes on the soil, and emphasizes the need of taking measures to restore these properties to the soil to prevent its depletion. By most farmers the straw would be considered more valuable tban the estimate given, as when properly handled it would be worth more after being used for liedding than before, since it would absorb a large quantity of liquid manure which would make it rich in nitrogen. And the straw not only adds to the soil the constituents which it contains, but loosens it up, lets in the air and moisture and adds to its texture. The farmer who sells his straw off the place is starting on the road the goal of which is failure. R. J- An Important Topic. 2d Premium.—This question of selling our soil fertility by selling our, wheat and not making proper use of the straw by Retting it back to the soil a^ plant foqd( is certainly a very appropriate question for discussion on the Experience page of the Indiana Farmer, and it should receive due consideration from its many readers. Many of us do not stop to think how we are robbing our soil by selling the wheat and allowing the straw to go to waste. I'he soil gets nothing in return. Now there is a vast difference in the natural fertility of soils! Some do-noT produce well from the start, unless special attentiou is given to making them produce. Others produce well for a few crops and then rapidly diminish in fertility. Others, known as "strong" DISEASE AND DEATH IN JULY. The State Board of Health Bulletin for July says: Diarrhoea was reported as the most prevalent disease followed by cholera morbus, dysentery, and cholera infantum. It was predicted in the bulletin of the preceding month that diarrhoeal diseases would lead the list in July. As soon as the people learn to take proper sanitary care of all foods including water, they will be much freer from diarrhoeal diseases. The order of disease prevalence in July was as follows: Diarrhoea, cholera morbus, dysentery, cholera infnn- A Grant County Farm Residence; Chas. Gibson, Owner. soils, remain productive for many years without much attention to their fertility, but even the strongest soil will wear in time unless it is intelligently managed. Thenin order to grow 20 bus. p?r acre on good 83il, or 1200 pounds of wheat, it requires 25 pounds of nitrogen, 12^ pounds phosphoric acid, 7 pounds potash, 1 pound lime; and to grow the straw for 20 bushels of wheat, or 2,000 pounds, will require 10 pounds nitrogen 7% pounds phosphoric acid, 28 pounds potash and 7 pounds lime. By these figures it is plain to see there is quite a drain upon the plant food in the soil to grow a crop of wheat of 20 bushels per acre. However, wheat is easier on land than either corn, oats or barley. Nitrogen in many respects is the most important elemeat of plant food. This soil nitrogen is usually the first to become exhausted, and unless soon made use of by growing plants is washed out of the soil and is lost. The cost of replacing the soil fertility depends upon whether we buy it or produce it. There is no fertilizer made that is better or as good as that which is produced upon the farm. Then for the land we have depleted by selling our wheat we should make good use of the straw and keep plenty of stock to produce plant food. Reader. of No. 652, Sept.—Explain the process budding and grafting fruit trees. No. 65.3, Sept. 12.—Tell how to make cider vinegar and fruit butters. Twenty million feathers are sent from 4"Je_rifs*ny to England every year for millinery purposes. turn, tonsilitis, rheumatism, typhoid fever (enteric) bronchitis, intermittent and remittent fever, inflammation of bowels, whooping cough, scarlet fever, diphtheria and membranous croup, measles smallpox, typho-malaria fever, pleuratis. pneumonia cerebro-spinal meningitis, influenza, erysipelas, puerperal fever and ehickenpox. Smallpox: 65 cases in thirteen counties with no deaths. In the corresponding month last year, 74 cases in 21 counties with no deaths. The disease existed unusually in Clark County, 10 cases; Marion 28: and St. Joseph, 11. Tuberculosis: This disease wrought its usual havoc casiog 339 deaths, 134 males and 205 females. Of the males, 26 were married in the age period of 18 to 40 and left 52 orphans under 12 years of age. Of the females, 79 were married in the same age period and left 140 orphans under 12 years of age. This awful disease, therefore, put 96 young fathers and njothers in the grave and made 192 orphans. The monster, consumption, can be controlled when the health authorities are permitted tc fight it. Pneumonia: Caused 60 death, 35 males and 25 females. 12 infants under one year of age died from pneumonia and one person over 90 years of age. In the corresponding month last year pneumonia caused 84 deaths. Typhoid Fever: 207 cases reported in 53 counties with 58 deaths. In the corresponding month last year, 312 cases in G4 counties with 53 deaths. The amount of typhoid fever a community has is a mea sure of its intelligence aad cleanliness. Violence: Violence caused 207 deaths, 159 males and 48 females. Of the number, 10 were murders, 7 males and 3 females. 26 were suicides, 23 males and 3 females. 171 were accidents, 129 males and 42 females. Of the murders, 7 were by gunshots, 2 by cutting and one by drowning. Of the suicides, 12 were by gunshots, 2 by hanging, 3 by drowning, 6 by carbolic acid, 2 by strychnia, and 2 by railroad trains. Of these accideatal deaths deaths by violence, 45 were by steam railroads, 2 by trolley lines, 5 by gunshots, 11 by burns and scalds, 28 by drowning 7 by lightning, 12 by horses and vehicles, 9 by sun stroke, 17 by falls, 6 by asphyxiation and suffocation, 2 by carbolic acid and the remainder by various means. Effect of Moisture on Wheat. The wheat breeders of the Department of Agriculture are making an interesting study of nutritive content of wheat under varying cultural conditons. Results already attained indicate the tremendous changes which can be made in grain by employing different methods of cultivation. The most striking experiment was in growing durum or macaroni wheat under conditions of plentiful irrigation in comparison with "dry land" farmiug meth ods. Durum wheat is essentially a dryland wheat, succeeding best on a very limited rainfall. If grown in the heavier rainfall belt it gradually loses its flinty, macaroni-making qualities. In this test tne wheat berries produced under "dry" cultivation were typical of such wheat- hard, flinty, transucent, very heary and contained overj.8 per cent of protein. The same weed grown oaan adjacent field, bnt heavily irrigated, proiraced a soft, dull- looking grain containing only 12 per cent oi protein. Heretofore increased yield has been the main desideratum of the farmer or wheat growers, quality is now comin? to be reeog nized as au almost equally important factor. The countries which are our greatest wheat buyers generally purchase wheat on the basis of protein content; that is, on the basis of the weight per bushel and the weight per thousand grains, while in some markets the purchase is on the basis of actual chemical analysis. It is stated by the Department officials to be therefore a matter of coasiderable importance, in order to retain our foreign markets and maintain our commercial supremacy and national reputation as producers of high-grade wheat that the closest attention should be paid not only to the production of high-yielding wheats but also to the cultivation of varieties having a high- protein content, with a view to growing wheats which combine these two characteristics^—high gluten content and large yields. Punctuation by means of stops and points, so as to indicate the meaning of sentences and assist the reader to a proper enunciation, is ascribed originally to Aristophanes, a grammarian of Alexandria, Egypt, who lived in the third century B. C. Whatever his system may have been, it was subsequently neglected and forgotten, but was reintroduced by Charlemagne, the various stops and symbols being designed by Warnefried and Alcuin. It takes about 2,000,000 cords of wood a year to make the newspapers that go through the presses of New Tork City. |
Tags
Comments
Post a Comment for Page 1