Page 1 |
Previous | 1 of 20 | Next |
|
|
Loading content ...
~i—r"rr RURAL ARCHITECTURE. No. 3 .Continued. Tke furnace must be located as near tke central part of basement as possible sc as to equalize the length of pipes, if say difference making those to north and west the shortest, as these two sides of ksuse axe the most difficult to heat. The light of furnace and depth.of basement asust be such that no pipes will hare less tban one inch rise in every foot of run. Some of the very shortest pipes may give Jair service with less grade. The sectional area of pipes must be varied according to size of room and hight of ceiling. Pipes leading to second floor should have a sectional area equal to one-half or five- eights those running to first floor, where Iscation is similar. The velocity of air coming from fur- sace is reduced by enlarging the area of pipe just before it passes out through kegister. This area is usually double that •f pipes. Always use the double pipes for conveying hot air through walls to second stsry. Basement pipes should always be a. rapped with some non-combustable material to save the heat. Features favorable to hot air heating are as follows: The cheapest of any mechanical system. Economy of fuel. Equal distribution of heat, and better ventilation. If plant is properly installed and equipped, as well as carefully operated, good results are obtained. If not everything goes wrong. — Steam Heating. — If steam heating a boiler is used to convey steam at low pressure through pipes »e radiators as required in different parts of the house, and air passing over these hot radiators is warmed the same as when it comes in contact with a stove. Automatic dampers supposed to regulate the steam pressure so as to roduce an equal temperature for hours at a time. Radiators are proportioned to suit the size and location of rooms, and are placed siirectly in front of a window if possible, because this is naturally the coldest point hi the room. Terms of radiation are direct and indirect. Direct radiation warms just the same as a stove. Indirect radiation warms the air by first passing over a heat- «d surface and thence into the room. This latter feature is much to be preffered en account of ventilation afforded. As this indirect ventilating feature Is most always unsuccessful, and as the plant is expensive to install, besides being very complicated, and always getting out •f order, unless an engineer is employed to constantly watch it, I do not recommend its use for beating residences. — Hot Water Heating. — In hot wnter heating the boiler is similar to the steam heater, only the pipes • re filled with water instead of steam. The fire under the boiler causes the Water to circulate through the pipes to the radiators, which warm the rooms in same manner ns in steam heating. After the wnter passes through radiators it begins to cool nnd passes through * continual circuit of pipes, back to the heater again. " i'h a thermometer on the heater and et-nsidernhle experience, one may obtain y uniform degree of temperature. t cost is not prohibative, it is claimed that this is the best system for residence heating. But to me the argu ment is all in fivor of the "hot air system." As before stated, the pre-eminent advantage possessed by the furnace is its ventilating power. A large volume of air is taken directly from out doors, and after passing over the heating surface In immediately passed into the rooms, where it not only serves to warm the rooms but plies to all ceilings, the vent for second story to open into attic, which in turn should be vented through ample latticed ventilators in gable or dormer windows: ii< ne of which should be closed only temporarily. All window sash should l.e hung with spring balances or weights and cords, by means of which an ample supply of fresh air can be had at all times. Never allow the windows to be entirely closed no matter how cold it may be. Personally I prefer my sleeping quarters to be Sweepstakes Ear of Corn, Purdue Corn Show, Jan. 1908. Stout, Joh nson, County. Exhibited by H. M. with xreat amount of trouble. Sweepstakes Ten Ears Yellow Corn, Pur Harvey Gray due Corn Show, Jan. 1908. Cass County. Exhibited by promotes the health of the occupants, on account of its purity. There are two features of special importance in connection with the supply of cold air. First don't allow heating contractors to persuade you that it is best to tnke supply of air from hall vestibule or some vacant room about the house. They do this because it makes it easier to hent the house, and not because it is to your best interests. It is best to have a furnace of one-third greater capacity than is required for ordinary cases, have it put in on a guarantee, (one that is legal and binding) and never let the contract to the lowest bidder simply to save a few dollars in first cost. Second have the eold air duct as direct as possible, and so arranged that the air suptply cnn never be completely shut off. Then you will always have fresh air for ventilation. Tt is therefore evident that the heating system that affords, and insures a constant snpply of fresh air is the best one to adopt .._.- ' — Ventilation. — Some ir irt.nit features of ventilation have already been mentioned in connection with heating, bnt as the period in which artificial' "heating is required does not extend thruout the year, we wili need to notice the importance of ventilation in mild weather, in mid-summer. Every ceiling shonld have a register with one square inch of sectional nren for every square foot of floor area. This ap- as near outdoors as is possible in the winter time ond by all means, entirely outdoors in the summer. To many tills may look a little radical, but there is every reason to believe in the health-giving and vitalizing power of absolutely pure air, especially when we are asleep, which represents about one-tiird of our life-time. With plenty of bed clothing and a night cr.p, one cnn sleep comfortably out doors iu zero weather, and be immune from colds in any form. A good plan for sleeping out doors is to inclose the porch with muslin simply to ft rm a screen and keep out the snow and driving rain. One of my near neighbors is curing himself of tuberculosis by living and sleeping in a tent all tbe time. Benton Steele, Architect Pendleton, Ind To be continued POPLAR AND THE BLACK LOCUST Editors Indiana Farmer: I do not commend the Carolina poplar as a shade tree, for it is not a good shade: lseing mean to clean after, and its roots much inclined to get into sewers and ditches. We have better shade trees, but I think of a matter that is well worth studying. All our newspapers, magazines, many of our books anil writing tab lets are built out of wood, so far as the substance is concerned. There are prophetic whispers of a wood-pulp famine in the near future; and I have thought of artificial groves of ths Carolina poplar. The wood is soft, like the cotton wood, already extensively used, and it is white and free from knote or kinks. It grows anywheres and its quick development is greatly in its favor. Tbe chief impediment to its propagation for shade in the cities would be a point in its favor on a worn-out field; for the falling of leaves all summer would be good for the soil. So let the father plant all the rough ground, except an orchard tract; all the seepy ground, all the crawfish land and all the roadside fence-rows in Carolina, for the sons to cut, in twenty or more years, for the pulp market. Then can be put near enough together to cover the ground with shade or far enough apart to grow grass between them. The latter would be better; for then there would be a nicely shaded pasture. Moreover, the trees would make body faster by having plenty of lateral branches. Planted too close the growth is chiefly upward, in nature's effort to find the fight, and the laterals fail. If argument were necessary, let it be known that the pulp-producing trees a'e becoming scarce. The mills that produce the white paper, used in good printing are consuming large areas of the wood pulp timber every day. The President in his late message commended the admission of such timber from Canada and elsewhere free of American duty. This act from a Republican authority signifies much; for the party is unreservedly committed to tariff protection. I am not instructed whether the Carolina poplar would make good paper; but it belongs to the cottonwood family, and there cnn scarcely be a doubt at that point. I find enumerated in an old Chamber*! Encyclopedia, forty-eight substances out of which paper is made, besides the papyrus. For the curiosity of it I will hand the readers a few: Asbestos, banana fiber, bean stalks, fresh water weeds, hops, corn shucks, moss, nettles, pea vines, saw dust, thistles and wood. The use of rags, cotton fiber, silk and wool were the chief sources until the demand became so great that these materials were insufficient, and impracticable on account of their cost. The discovery that good and bright paper may be made of wood, and that it comes that way far cheaper than from rags, gave a new impulse to the trade; end much machinery has been devised for the reduction of this material to pulp. Straw pulp can be combined with it; reducing the cost still lower, and it is going tn be a calamity for our tamarack, cotton wood, tulip and hemlock groves to fail. Since the unpopular Carolina poplar ia so good a grower, it might prove the solution, so soon to be needed, of the wood- pulp problem. From one tree a thousand branches may be taken, nnd a large per cent of these will grow by merely pushing them down into the earth, when the ground is soft in the spring. My prophesy is that he who plants a grove now will provide a paying crop for the next generation. — As To The Locust. — If we hnd blnck locusts growing, they would meet a need that is approaching all too fnst. Fence posts, nnd telegraph nnd telephone poles are already growing
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1908, v. 63, no. 05 (Feb. 1) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA6305 |
Date of Original | 1908 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-03-23 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | ~i—r"rr RURAL ARCHITECTURE. No. 3 .Continued. Tke furnace must be located as near tke central part of basement as possible sc as to equalize the length of pipes, if say difference making those to north and west the shortest, as these two sides of ksuse axe the most difficult to heat. The light of furnace and depth.of basement asust be such that no pipes will hare less tban one inch rise in every foot of run. Some of the very shortest pipes may give Jair service with less grade. The sectional area of pipes must be varied according to size of room and hight of ceiling. Pipes leading to second floor should have a sectional area equal to one-half or five- eights those running to first floor, where Iscation is similar. The velocity of air coming from fur- sace is reduced by enlarging the area of pipe just before it passes out through kegister. This area is usually double that •f pipes. Always use the double pipes for conveying hot air through walls to second stsry. Basement pipes should always be a. rapped with some non-combustable material to save the heat. Features favorable to hot air heating are as follows: The cheapest of any mechanical system. Economy of fuel. Equal distribution of heat, and better ventilation. If plant is properly installed and equipped, as well as carefully operated, good results are obtained. If not everything goes wrong. — Steam Heating. — If steam heating a boiler is used to convey steam at low pressure through pipes »e radiators as required in different parts of the house, and air passing over these hot radiators is warmed the same as when it comes in contact with a stove. Automatic dampers supposed to regulate the steam pressure so as to roduce an equal temperature for hours at a time. Radiators are proportioned to suit the size and location of rooms, and are placed siirectly in front of a window if possible, because this is naturally the coldest point hi the room. Terms of radiation are direct and indirect. Direct radiation warms just the same as a stove. Indirect radiation warms the air by first passing over a heat- «d surface and thence into the room. This latter feature is much to be preffered en account of ventilation afforded. As this indirect ventilating feature Is most always unsuccessful, and as the plant is expensive to install, besides being very complicated, and always getting out •f order, unless an engineer is employed to constantly watch it, I do not recommend its use for beating residences. — Hot Water Heating. — In hot wnter heating the boiler is similar to the steam heater, only the pipes • re filled with water instead of steam. The fire under the boiler causes the Water to circulate through the pipes to the radiators, which warm the rooms in same manner ns in steam heating. After the wnter passes through radiators it begins to cool nnd passes through * continual circuit of pipes, back to the heater again. " i'h a thermometer on the heater and et-nsidernhle experience, one may obtain y uniform degree of temperature. t cost is not prohibative, it is claimed that this is the best system for residence heating. But to me the argu ment is all in fivor of the "hot air system." As before stated, the pre-eminent advantage possessed by the furnace is its ventilating power. A large volume of air is taken directly from out doors, and after passing over the heating surface In immediately passed into the rooms, where it not only serves to warm the rooms but plies to all ceilings, the vent for second story to open into attic, which in turn should be vented through ample latticed ventilators in gable or dormer windows: ii< ne of which should be closed only temporarily. All window sash should l.e hung with spring balances or weights and cords, by means of which an ample supply of fresh air can be had at all times. Never allow the windows to be entirely closed no matter how cold it may be. Personally I prefer my sleeping quarters to be Sweepstakes Ear of Corn, Purdue Corn Show, Jan. 1908. Stout, Joh nson, County. Exhibited by H. M. with xreat amount of trouble. Sweepstakes Ten Ears Yellow Corn, Pur Harvey Gray due Corn Show, Jan. 1908. Cass County. Exhibited by promotes the health of the occupants, on account of its purity. There are two features of special importance in connection with the supply of cold air. First don't allow heating contractors to persuade you that it is best to tnke supply of air from hall vestibule or some vacant room about the house. They do this because it makes it easier to hent the house, and not because it is to your best interests. It is best to have a furnace of one-third greater capacity than is required for ordinary cases, have it put in on a guarantee, (one that is legal and binding) and never let the contract to the lowest bidder simply to save a few dollars in first cost. Second have the eold air duct as direct as possible, and so arranged that the air suptply cnn never be completely shut off. Then you will always have fresh air for ventilation. Tt is therefore evident that the heating system that affords, and insures a constant snpply of fresh air is the best one to adopt .._.- ' — Ventilation. — Some ir irt.nit features of ventilation have already been mentioned in connection with heating, bnt as the period in which artificial' "heating is required does not extend thruout the year, we wili need to notice the importance of ventilation in mild weather, in mid-summer. Every ceiling shonld have a register with one square inch of sectional nren for every square foot of floor area. This ap- as near outdoors as is possible in the winter time ond by all means, entirely outdoors in the summer. To many tills may look a little radical, but there is every reason to believe in the health-giving and vitalizing power of absolutely pure air, especially when we are asleep, which represents about one-tiird of our life-time. With plenty of bed clothing and a night cr.p, one cnn sleep comfortably out doors iu zero weather, and be immune from colds in any form. A good plan for sleeping out doors is to inclose the porch with muslin simply to ft rm a screen and keep out the snow and driving rain. One of my near neighbors is curing himself of tuberculosis by living and sleeping in a tent all tbe time. Benton Steele, Architect Pendleton, Ind To be continued POPLAR AND THE BLACK LOCUST Editors Indiana Farmer: I do not commend the Carolina poplar as a shade tree, for it is not a good shade: lseing mean to clean after, and its roots much inclined to get into sewers and ditches. We have better shade trees, but I think of a matter that is well worth studying. All our newspapers, magazines, many of our books anil writing tab lets are built out of wood, so far as the substance is concerned. There are prophetic whispers of a wood-pulp famine in the near future; and I have thought of artificial groves of ths Carolina poplar. The wood is soft, like the cotton wood, already extensively used, and it is white and free from knote or kinks. It grows anywheres and its quick development is greatly in its favor. Tbe chief impediment to its propagation for shade in the cities would be a point in its favor on a worn-out field; for the falling of leaves all summer would be good for the soil. So let the father plant all the rough ground, except an orchard tract; all the seepy ground, all the crawfish land and all the roadside fence-rows in Carolina, for the sons to cut, in twenty or more years, for the pulp market. Then can be put near enough together to cover the ground with shade or far enough apart to grow grass between them. The latter would be better; for then there would be a nicely shaded pasture. Moreover, the trees would make body faster by having plenty of lateral branches. Planted too close the growth is chiefly upward, in nature's effort to find the fight, and the laterals fail. If argument were necessary, let it be known that the pulp-producing trees a'e becoming scarce. The mills that produce the white paper, used in good printing are consuming large areas of the wood pulp timber every day. The President in his late message commended the admission of such timber from Canada and elsewhere free of American duty. This act from a Republican authority signifies much; for the party is unreservedly committed to tariff protection. I am not instructed whether the Carolina poplar would make good paper; but it belongs to the cottonwood family, and there cnn scarcely be a doubt at that point. I find enumerated in an old Chamber*! Encyclopedia, forty-eight substances out of which paper is made, besides the papyrus. For the curiosity of it I will hand the readers a few: Asbestos, banana fiber, bean stalks, fresh water weeds, hops, corn shucks, moss, nettles, pea vines, saw dust, thistles and wood. The use of rags, cotton fiber, silk and wool were the chief sources until the demand became so great that these materials were insufficient, and impracticable on account of their cost. The discovery that good and bright paper may be made of wood, and that it comes that way far cheaper than from rags, gave a new impulse to the trade; end much machinery has been devised for the reduction of this material to pulp. Straw pulp can be combined with it; reducing the cost still lower, and it is going tn be a calamity for our tamarack, cotton wood, tulip and hemlock groves to fail. Since the unpopular Carolina poplar ia so good a grower, it might prove the solution, so soon to be needed, of the wood- pulp problem. From one tree a thousand branches may be taken, nnd a large per cent of these will grow by merely pushing them down into the earth, when the ground is soft in the spring. My prophesy is that he who plants a grove now will provide a paying crop for the next generation. — As To The Locust. — If we hnd blnck locusts growing, they would meet a need that is approaching all too fnst. Fence posts, nnd telegraph nnd telephone poles are already growing |
Tags
Comments
Post a Comment for Page 1