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VOL. XXIX. INDIANAPOLIS. IND. JUNE 30, 1894. NO. 26. WEATHER CROP BULLETIN. United States Department of Agriculture, Weather Bureau. Orop Bulletin of the Indiana Weather Service in Oo-operation With the Agricultural Experiment Statinn at Purdue University, Monday, Jv «■ 25, 1894. The temperature and rainfall wereaboev normal. The weather during the past week was an unusually favorable one for crops of all kinds especially pastures, oats, and corn. Showers were quite general throughout the State on the 17th, 21st, 22d and 24th, which in combination with warm weather had a most beneficient effect. Severe wind, rain and hall storms damaged crops in several localities, lodging standing giain and destroying garden truck. Wheat harvest progressing rapidly in nearly all portions of the State; in most sections the yield is reported to be above the average in quantity and the grain of excellent quality. It was lodged and tangled in some parts on account of wind and heavy rains. Corn has made rapid growth, bas good color and promises a largo yield. WUl be a certainty if like weather continues. Cultivation progressing satisfactorily. Clover cutting nearly completed and in many localities clover put away. Pastures good, but in some localities short. Timothy short but of good quality. Oats in fair condition and promises better than expected. Potatoes —the crop promises to be an unusually large and good one. Stock doing very well. Tobacco transplanting about completed. Garden truck in fair condition. The crops in general are reported to be in much better condition than for a number of years. SOUTHERN PORTION. Gibson, Posey, Warrick and Spencer counties.—Wheat harvested generally; an average crop in quantity and quality; corn, although small is in good condition and only needs rain to insure a fine crop; oats fairly good; clover, grass and timothy short; all crops needing rain. Dubois, Orange, Crawford and Perry counties.—Wheat harvest progressing rapidly and will yield above an average; corn growing rapidly and of good color; vegetables scarce and gardens need rain; hay harvest will soon begin. Harrison, Floyd, Clark and Washington counties.—Corn and oats have been growing; not quite enough rain; clover cutting nearly completed; wheat not shocking as well as expected; pastures good and stock of all kinds doing weU. Switzerland, Jefferson, Dearborn and Ripley counties.—Weather unusually favorable to crops in general; from indications wheat wUl be one of the best crops in this section; corn thrifty and promises a large yield; potato crop will be good; barley all cut; corn, oats, timothy and pasture grew rapidly; stock doing well. Bartholomew and Lawrence counties.— Splendid growing weather; wheat harvest has begun; quality and quantity excellent; corn, oats and vegetables doing weU; a large crop of potatoes promised; clover hay about made. Greene, Sullivan and Knox counties.— Corn growing nicely and its cultivation progressing satisfactorily; wheat is maturing under exceUent conditions; harvest underway; potatoes splendid; meadows fair; clover nearly all put away; tobacco transplanting about finished; oats promises a better crop than usual. CENTRAL PORTION. Vigo, Clay, VermilUon and Fountain counties.—Wheat doing very well; considerable in shock; rye cutting in progress; oorn doing well, has a good color; timothy meadows will be short; garden truck do ing fairly wall; pastures dried up in some localities, otherwise good; oats good; berries abundant. Parke, Putnam, Hxmeand Montgomery counties.—Corn improved and doing splendidly; wheat mostly harvested in bottom lands and ripening on uplands; clover light but good; oata doing finely; potatoes abundant; pasture improved; garden truck doing nicely. Madison, Marion, Hancock and Hamilton counties.—Very favorable weather; sufficient rain and warm sunshine; clover hay nearly all made; wheat harvest commenced; prospect good as to quality and quantity; potato crop excellent; corn growing rapidly; stook doing well. Wayne, Randolph, Union and. Franklin counties.—Rye and barley harvested; tobacco best known for years; wheat harvest begun on low lands; promises an extra ordinary yield; pastures good; stock doing well; oats rather short gardens first class; clover and timothy light on account of drouth; corn in fine condition and "laid by" in some localities. Decatur and Shelby counties.—Clover hay harvest in progress; corn in fine condition; growing rapidly; laid by in some localities; potatoes excellent; wheat harvest commenced with splendid prospects for a fine yield; lodged in some localities; garden truck and pastures doing finely; raspberry crop good. Owen, Rush and Johnson counties,— Corn growing very fast; the yellow has nearly disappeared; harvesting wheat has commenced; the grain is good; corn doing weU; clover mostly cut; timothy light and pastures getting short. NORTHERN PORTION. Lake, Porter, LaPorte and Starke counties.—Clover harvest progressing finely; corn clean and growing nicely; rye beginning to turn; oats heading out; hay crop little short; wheat and rye lodged in some places; strawberries and cherries abundant; poor prospeot for apples; no peaches. St. Joseph, Pulaski and Kosciusko counties.—Hay making commenced; stock and pasture in good condition; potato crop will be large; wheat in splendid condition and ia beginning to turn; corn is in fine shape and well cultivated; crops of all kinds wiU be abundant. Elkhart, Noble, Whitley and Lagrange counties.—Clover hay being made; it is light; timothy Ught; berries promise good orop; wheat In splendid condition; oats looking fairly well; corn and potatoes growing nicely; pasture getting short; heavy rain and wind storm did some damage to crops. AUen, Steuben and Wells counties Oats doing well but short; corn doing weU, on old ground dying off; potatoes fair; haying commenced; wheat begins to change color; stock of all kinds doing wells; aU crops needing rain. Blackford, Grant and Huntington counties.—Wheat ripening fast and will be cut in a few days; potatoes, pastures and small truck growing slowly; oats good but short. Miami and Carroll counties.—Wheat Is beginning to turn with prospects of a good crop; corn growing rapidly; potato crop wUl be large; oats doing finely and heading; clover hay wiU be short; timothy will be good but short; pastures improving; clover cutting and corn plowing in progress; fruit prospect Improving. Cass, Tipton and Clinton counties —Hay harvest begun; corn doing well; wheat ready to cut next week and looks well; garden,plants doing fine; everything in products prospering. Benton,.Howard and Tippecanoe coun ties.—Week very favorable to vegetation; vegetables and growing crops doing exceptionally well; hay making commenced, will be short; no preceptible danger to corn on account of hall; cattle very much bettered; oats very promising. H. A. Huston, Director Indiana Weather Service. Per W. W. Dbnt, Weather Bureau, Acting Asst. Director. MANAGEMENT OF CLAY SOILS. [The numbers of the essays published refer to the order of publication, and not to the awards.] PRIZE ESSAY NO. 20. In treating this subject it becomes necessary first, to mention that clay soils differ in different localities as much as the various soils differ in themselves, as clay, sand, muck, etc. Therefore I shall attempt to give the best method of managing clay soil in my own locality. As we are not always sure of a rain just at the time when we might need It we must follow on a line that we may succeed, wet or dry. Plow the ground when in good order, if possible. Defer plowing, as much as possible, untU near the planting season and It will greatly facilitate in the cultivation. When the ground Is plowed we should partly work It down, not too much, for fear of a beating rain. It will become harder after a hard rain, if it Is worked down too fine, than it was before plowing. But if not worked any it is liable to become dried out hard, if dry weather continues loBg, so we might not be able to plant until too late in the season. So far as the tools to be used are concerned, that wiU depend largely on the season. If wet, harrows should be used. If dry, the drag and roller should be used for pulverizing the soil. With crops that havo to be cultivated the ground should invariably be worked after a rain so as to keep it from baking. Work as soon as dry enough. To do the soil justice It should invariably be broken deep. Clay soil can best be kept from washing in ditches by keeping it rich. Crops should be rotated so as not to exhaust the properties whioh are required to grow any one crop. Any quick growth crop will exhaust the soli more than a long growing one, hence one great necessity for rotation. If you want your land kept In a good lively condition don't pasture it when it is wet. PRIZE ESSAY NO. 21. You invite correspondence as to methods of cultivating corn upon clay soils. Last spring I measured off five acres, and hauled on the field all the manure we could rake up; plowed the ground eight Inches deep, harrowed thoroughly and planted to corn; plowed three times and laid the corn by with a one-horse harrow. This made the ground smooth and free from all lumps, and did not seem to injure the corn by breaking surface roots. We had a severe and protracted drouth. During this dry weather the corn kept green and the ground loose and moist. This condition I think was secured largely by the blanket of tine, loose soil which my harrow left, and which prevented the moisture from beneath escaping. On account of the dry weather the crop was shortened, but made a fair yield. This field was sown to wheat and waa in fine order for drilling in September. It is my purpose to use this method of laying corn by the coming summer, so weU pleased am I with the result obtained on this five-acre field. The implement used was common one-horse, A-shaped, with teeth three fourths of an inch square. I want oorn laid by level; the ground retains moisture better and gives a good seed bed for faU grain, and makes a good surface for seeding down to timothy or clover. I believe clay loam corn should be plowed deep the first and second limes, then the third and fourth times I want shallow cultivation by some good Implement, one or two-horse. Such an implement I want to buy. No root-pruning for me in tbe corn field if I can help It. I might add, the variety planted was Riley's Favorite. PRIZE ESSAY NO. 22. My experience and observation have taught me that the following management of a clay soil, in our iUustrlous "Posey Co.," is practical, profitable and highly satisfactory to the farmer. Take for example a farm of one hundred and sixty acres and divide It as follows in forty acre tracts: The first forty acres should be used for buildings, lots, orchards, garden, vineyard, permanent pasture, meadow, etc. Second forty acres should be in clover, one half pasture and the other half to cut for hay and seed. The third forty should be in corn, and the fourth forty In wheat. Thus we see, there are three forty acre fields to be used in rotation. Farms of various sizes may be divided proportionitely. First comes clover in my rotation, for where it grows luxuriantly, as It does here, profitable crops of corn and wheat can be grown. After both crops have been harvested from the twenty acres, and frost has killed the pasture on the twenty acres that have been used for that purpose, and you have taken your stock to the permanent pasture, then apply all the manure you have on your farm or can get readily, to the thlner portions of the field, then break this forty up in the fall for corn. This system of manuring will have a tendency to keep your fields of even fertility, which Is quite necessary in raising small grain and clover seed. FoUowlng the clover and manure with corn, we are almost sure to have a heavy yield. Cut as much of corn for fodder as can be fed to stock on the farm, and then take a disc harrow and prepare that part of the field for wheat. The remaining portion of the field, if any there should be left of standing corn, should be sown in wheat with a one-horse drill, providing the corn stands straight enough to admit of this method of sowing; if not, gather the corn a Uttle early, which can be done with perfect safety by using ventilators in the cribs and not bulking too deep. Then break the land with a large, heavy plow, so as to turn the stalks clear out of sight. Run the smoothing harrow and then the roller over the land before drilling wheat, or if it should be impossible to get all of the field sown In wheat In due time, the next best thing to do is to sow the remainder in oats in the spring, which crop Is very useful and essential as feed, but not a very profitable crop In our county, although 1 suppose it would have to be included in the rotation farther north. In the spring when the time arrives to sow clover seed, take the smoothing harrow and harrow the wheat field and sow to clover. This preparation will help start the clover seed and be of benefit to the wheat, which is almozt certain to yield a bountiful harvest of good, clean grain, provided your seed was clear of chess and cockle. We have now the rotation of clover, corn and wheat. Crops diversified in this manner and intermixed with stock raising on the farm will maintain the fertility of the clay soil of this part of the State, and Is almost sure to crown the efforts of the farmer with success and his mind with contentment. Near Lyons, Ia, Norman Clark and a woman named Jennie Riley took refuge under a tree in a thunder storm. The woman wa9 killed and the man fataUy Injured by a bolt of lightning.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1894, v. 29, no. 26 (June 30) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA2926 |
Date of Original | 1894 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-03-21 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | VOL. XXIX. INDIANAPOLIS. IND. JUNE 30, 1894. NO. 26. WEATHER CROP BULLETIN. United States Department of Agriculture, Weather Bureau. Orop Bulletin of the Indiana Weather Service in Oo-operation With the Agricultural Experiment Statinn at Purdue University, Monday, Jv «■ 25, 1894. The temperature and rainfall wereaboev normal. The weather during the past week was an unusually favorable one for crops of all kinds especially pastures, oats, and corn. Showers were quite general throughout the State on the 17th, 21st, 22d and 24th, which in combination with warm weather had a most beneficient effect. Severe wind, rain and hall storms damaged crops in several localities, lodging standing giain and destroying garden truck. Wheat harvest progressing rapidly in nearly all portions of the State; in most sections the yield is reported to be above the average in quantity and the grain of excellent quality. It was lodged and tangled in some parts on account of wind and heavy rains. Corn has made rapid growth, bas good color and promises a largo yield. WUl be a certainty if like weather continues. Cultivation progressing satisfactorily. Clover cutting nearly completed and in many localities clover put away. Pastures good, but in some localities short. Timothy short but of good quality. Oats in fair condition and promises better than expected. Potatoes —the crop promises to be an unusually large and good one. Stock doing very well. Tobacco transplanting about completed. Garden truck in fair condition. The crops in general are reported to be in much better condition than for a number of years. SOUTHERN PORTION. Gibson, Posey, Warrick and Spencer counties.—Wheat harvested generally; an average crop in quantity and quality; corn, although small is in good condition and only needs rain to insure a fine crop; oats fairly good; clover, grass and timothy short; all crops needing rain. Dubois, Orange, Crawford and Perry counties.—Wheat harvest progressing rapidly and will yield above an average; corn growing rapidly and of good color; vegetables scarce and gardens need rain; hay harvest will soon begin. Harrison, Floyd, Clark and Washington counties.—Corn and oats have been growing; not quite enough rain; clover cutting nearly completed; wheat not shocking as well as expected; pastures good and stock of all kinds doing weU. Switzerland, Jefferson, Dearborn and Ripley counties.—Weather unusually favorable to crops in general; from indications wheat wUl be one of the best crops in this section; corn thrifty and promises a large yield; potato crop will be good; barley all cut; corn, oats, timothy and pasture grew rapidly; stock doing well. Bartholomew and Lawrence counties.— Splendid growing weather; wheat harvest has begun; quality and quantity excellent; corn, oats and vegetables doing weU; a large crop of potatoes promised; clover hay about made. Greene, Sullivan and Knox counties.— Corn growing nicely and its cultivation progressing satisfactorily; wheat is maturing under exceUent conditions; harvest underway; potatoes splendid; meadows fair; clover nearly all put away; tobacco transplanting about finished; oats promises a better crop than usual. CENTRAL PORTION. Vigo, Clay, VermilUon and Fountain counties.—Wheat doing very well; considerable in shock; rye cutting in progress; oorn doing well, has a good color; timothy meadows will be short; garden truck do ing fairly wall; pastures dried up in some localities, otherwise good; oats good; berries abundant. Parke, Putnam, Hxmeand Montgomery counties.—Corn improved and doing splendidly; wheat mostly harvested in bottom lands and ripening on uplands; clover light but good; oata doing finely; potatoes abundant; pasture improved; garden truck doing nicely. Madison, Marion, Hancock and Hamilton counties.—Very favorable weather; sufficient rain and warm sunshine; clover hay nearly all made; wheat harvest commenced; prospect good as to quality and quantity; potato crop excellent; corn growing rapidly; stook doing well. Wayne, Randolph, Union and. Franklin counties.—Rye and barley harvested; tobacco best known for years; wheat harvest begun on low lands; promises an extra ordinary yield; pastures good; stock doing well; oats rather short gardens first class; clover and timothy light on account of drouth; corn in fine condition and "laid by" in some localities. Decatur and Shelby counties.—Clover hay harvest in progress; corn in fine condition; growing rapidly; laid by in some localities; potatoes excellent; wheat harvest commenced with splendid prospects for a fine yield; lodged in some localities; garden truck and pastures doing finely; raspberry crop good. Owen, Rush and Johnson counties,— Corn growing very fast; the yellow has nearly disappeared; harvesting wheat has commenced; the grain is good; corn doing weU; clover mostly cut; timothy light and pastures getting short. NORTHERN PORTION. Lake, Porter, LaPorte and Starke counties.—Clover harvest progressing finely; corn clean and growing nicely; rye beginning to turn; oats heading out; hay crop little short; wheat and rye lodged in some places; strawberries and cherries abundant; poor prospeot for apples; no peaches. St. Joseph, Pulaski and Kosciusko counties.—Hay making commenced; stock and pasture in good condition; potato crop will be large; wheat in splendid condition and ia beginning to turn; corn is in fine shape and well cultivated; crops of all kinds wiU be abundant. Elkhart, Noble, Whitley and Lagrange counties.—Clover hay being made; it is light; timothy Ught; berries promise good orop; wheat In splendid condition; oats looking fairly well; corn and potatoes growing nicely; pasture getting short; heavy rain and wind storm did some damage to crops. AUen, Steuben and Wells counties Oats doing well but short; corn doing weU, on old ground dying off; potatoes fair; haying commenced; wheat begins to change color; stock of all kinds doing wells; aU crops needing rain. Blackford, Grant and Huntington counties.—Wheat ripening fast and will be cut in a few days; potatoes, pastures and small truck growing slowly; oats good but short. Miami and Carroll counties.—Wheat Is beginning to turn with prospects of a good crop; corn growing rapidly; potato crop wUl be large; oats doing finely and heading; clover hay wiU be short; timothy will be good but short; pastures improving; clover cutting and corn plowing in progress; fruit prospect Improving. Cass, Tipton and Clinton counties —Hay harvest begun; corn doing well; wheat ready to cut next week and looks well; garden,plants doing fine; everything in products prospering. Benton,.Howard and Tippecanoe coun ties.—Week very favorable to vegetation; vegetables and growing crops doing exceptionally well; hay making commenced, will be short; no preceptible danger to corn on account of hall; cattle very much bettered; oats very promising. H. A. Huston, Director Indiana Weather Service. Per W. W. Dbnt, Weather Bureau, Acting Asst. Director. MANAGEMENT OF CLAY SOILS. [The numbers of the essays published refer to the order of publication, and not to the awards.] PRIZE ESSAY NO. 20. In treating this subject it becomes necessary first, to mention that clay soils differ in different localities as much as the various soils differ in themselves, as clay, sand, muck, etc. Therefore I shall attempt to give the best method of managing clay soil in my own locality. As we are not always sure of a rain just at the time when we might need It we must follow on a line that we may succeed, wet or dry. Plow the ground when in good order, if possible. Defer plowing, as much as possible, untU near the planting season and It will greatly facilitate in the cultivation. When the ground Is plowed we should partly work It down, not too much, for fear of a beating rain. It will become harder after a hard rain, if it Is worked down too fine, than it was before plowing. But if not worked any it is liable to become dried out hard, if dry weather continues loBg, so we might not be able to plant until too late in the season. So far as the tools to be used are concerned, that wiU depend largely on the season. If wet, harrows should be used. If dry, the drag and roller should be used for pulverizing the soil. With crops that havo to be cultivated the ground should invariably be worked after a rain so as to keep it from baking. Work as soon as dry enough. To do the soil justice It should invariably be broken deep. Clay soil can best be kept from washing in ditches by keeping it rich. Crops should be rotated so as not to exhaust the properties whioh are required to grow any one crop. Any quick growth crop will exhaust the soli more than a long growing one, hence one great necessity for rotation. If you want your land kept In a good lively condition don't pasture it when it is wet. PRIZE ESSAY NO. 21. You invite correspondence as to methods of cultivating corn upon clay soils. Last spring I measured off five acres, and hauled on the field all the manure we could rake up; plowed the ground eight Inches deep, harrowed thoroughly and planted to corn; plowed three times and laid the corn by with a one-horse harrow. This made the ground smooth and free from all lumps, and did not seem to injure the corn by breaking surface roots. We had a severe and protracted drouth. During this dry weather the corn kept green and the ground loose and moist. This condition I think was secured largely by the blanket of tine, loose soil which my harrow left, and which prevented the moisture from beneath escaping. On account of the dry weather the crop was shortened, but made a fair yield. This field was sown to wheat and waa in fine order for drilling in September. It is my purpose to use this method of laying corn by the coming summer, so weU pleased am I with the result obtained on this five-acre field. The implement used was common one-horse, A-shaped, with teeth three fourths of an inch square. I want oorn laid by level; the ground retains moisture better and gives a good seed bed for faU grain, and makes a good surface for seeding down to timothy or clover. I believe clay loam corn should be plowed deep the first and second limes, then the third and fourth times I want shallow cultivation by some good Implement, one or two-horse. Such an implement I want to buy. No root-pruning for me in tbe corn field if I can help It. I might add, the variety planted was Riley's Favorite. PRIZE ESSAY NO. 22. My experience and observation have taught me that the following management of a clay soil, in our iUustrlous "Posey Co.," is practical, profitable and highly satisfactory to the farmer. Take for example a farm of one hundred and sixty acres and divide It as follows in forty acre tracts: The first forty acres should be used for buildings, lots, orchards, garden, vineyard, permanent pasture, meadow, etc. Second forty acres should be in clover, one half pasture and the other half to cut for hay and seed. The third forty should be in corn, and the fourth forty In wheat. Thus we see, there are three forty acre fields to be used in rotation. Farms of various sizes may be divided proportionitely. First comes clover in my rotation, for where it grows luxuriantly, as It does here, profitable crops of corn and wheat can be grown. After both crops have been harvested from the twenty acres, and frost has killed the pasture on the twenty acres that have been used for that purpose, and you have taken your stock to the permanent pasture, then apply all the manure you have on your farm or can get readily, to the thlner portions of the field, then break this forty up in the fall for corn. This system of manuring will have a tendency to keep your fields of even fertility, which Is quite necessary in raising small grain and clover seed. FoUowlng the clover and manure with corn, we are almost sure to have a heavy yield. Cut as much of corn for fodder as can be fed to stock on the farm, and then take a disc harrow and prepare that part of the field for wheat. The remaining portion of the field, if any there should be left of standing corn, should be sown in wheat with a one-horse drill, providing the corn stands straight enough to admit of this method of sowing; if not, gather the corn a Uttle early, which can be done with perfect safety by using ventilators in the cribs and not bulking too deep. Then break the land with a large, heavy plow, so as to turn the stalks clear out of sight. Run the smoothing harrow and then the roller over the land before drilling wheat, or if it should be impossible to get all of the field sown In wheat In due time, the next best thing to do is to sow the remainder in oats in the spring, which crop Is very useful and essential as feed, but not a very profitable crop In our county, although 1 suppose it would have to be included in the rotation farther north. In the spring when the time arrives to sow clover seed, take the smoothing harrow and harrow the wheat field and sow to clover. This preparation will help start the clover seed and be of benefit to the wheat, which is almozt certain to yield a bountiful harvest of good, clean grain, provided your seed was clear of chess and cockle. We have now the rotation of clover, corn and wheat. Crops diversified in this manner and intermixed with stock raising on the farm will maintain the fertility of the clay soil of this part of the State, and Is almost sure to crown the efforts of the farmer with success and his mind with contentment. Near Lyons, Ia, Norman Clark and a woman named Jennie Riley took refuge under a tree in a thunder storm. The woman wa9 killed and the man fataUy Injured by a bolt of lightning. |
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