VOL. XXI.
INL
r"y i.„-r
I IND., SATURDAY, NOV. 20,1886.
NO 47
'gXxt JJairy.
Written for ths Indiana Farmer.
Churning Made Easy.
I presume most people who have much
churning to do own one of the many different patent churns; but there are many
who prefer the motion of the old dash
churn   were it not  for the hard   work.
There are some attachments which can be
applied to the dash, but all of them have been
patented that I know any thing about and
are about as expensive as a patent churn.
If there Is anything in existence like the
attachment I am going to describe I do
not know, for when I Invented it I had
never seen nor heard of an attachment
with a pump-handle motion.
ing and selling, but not from making for
his own use.
I have not given specific measurements
because any one wbo can make it at all
can adjust it to the size of the churn.
Sometime I will tell how to make a different arrangement, and either ef them
can be used ln a stone jar.
"Watering Oows in Winter.
With winter at hand and the stock mostly stabled, the question of how best to supply them with water is important. Dairyman know it does not pay to turn cows
out on a cold day to drink from a pond
covered with ice. The yield of milk at
once falls away. If you have never tried
warming the drinking water, do it this
winter and note the Improvement in the
milk yield. Spring water in summer, as
it comes from the ground, has usually a
temperature of about 52°. Yet cows will
pass that by and in preference drink from
a brook or pond where the temperature is
higher, though the water seems to you to
be neither as sweet nor as refreshing. A
cow, however, is naturally opposed to cold
water and will not drink her till of it, because the chill it produces causes discomfort. If you heat the water from say 40° to
60° or 70°, the oows will drink more and
give more milk. A steam generator that
will answer that purpose, and steam the
feed as well, as can be bought for from $35
to |50, and will soon pay for itself,—Jersey
Bulletin.
Under the newlaw,which goes into effect
November 1, if a farmer, or a large manufacturer in cities, clandestinely manufactured eleomargarine or suine, not only the
machinery, but the farms, lots and buildings are forfeited to the government.
Tin Hitjuiji—j .u,j tV.iou »,1. hive aa
idea of its construction. Take a piece of
timber about three or four Inches square
and about two feet long oi as long as a
small cistern pump handle. Mortise a
place in one end large enough to contain
the dash handle. Take another piece of
about the same dimensions but long
enough to reach a foot oi ao above the
churn top and extended to nearly the bottom. Mortise a place in the upper end of
it large enough to contain the handle and
deep enough to allow of adjustment.
Round off the handle so it will be smooth
for the hands. Have two iron bands made
that will slip over the churn and the up
right piece thus holding it fast to the churn;
or it may be bolted to the churn. Attach
the handle to this by a bolt or rod
which must be so that it can be easily removed. Attach to the churn handle by
putting a hole through the handle and running a bolt or rod through. The dots are
holes which allow of proper adjustments
according to the amount of cream in the
churn. When it is all properly a1 justed
all there is to do is to sit down and"pnmp"
until the buttar comes. The handle is
easily detached, but it is not necessary to
remove the upright piece aa it is not much
in the way of cleaning the churn. Now
unless there Is a patent on a pump-handle
motion any one can have easy churning;
and even if there waa a patent I believe it
only prohibits a person from manufatur
Written for the Indiana Farmer,
Some Indiana Butterflies.—No. 3.
BY W. 8. BLATCHLKT.
The numbers of the genus (Jrapta of this
sub-family may be readily recognized by
the outer and hind margins of their fore
wings being irregularly notched, while
the hind wings are furnished with prominent talis and have on their under aide,
near the middle a narrow, curved, silver
mark. The genus is represented In this
vicinity by three species, as follows:
18. drapta inttrrogationis A medium-
sized butterfly, the wings expanding 2 5
inches. Upper surfer jf fore wings red-
,U t. tbe outer edge with
an near the center by
.for of which are round,
or 1< * four sided. There
f thi species, the one, T.'m-
the  upper surface of  hind
dish brown
a darker' bro\
seven black s,
the others mo-
are two forms
brosa, having
wings almost black with a very narrow
edge of lilac; while the other, Fabriciithas
the hind wings a dark reddish brown,
rather broadly edged with lilac, and con
talning four black spots near the base and
a row of small orange yellow spots near
outer margin. The lower surface of the
wings of both forms is of various shades
of brown, and the silver mark of hind
wings Is a broken C or interrogation point,
whence the specific name.
The mature larvee vary in color, but are
usually brown, more or less striped and
speckled with yellow  and having uneven
rows of blackish spines. The chrysalis is
marked on the back with eight silver
spots. Food plants, hop, elm, nettle and
linden. Thla is one of the first butterflies
seen in the spring, as the fall form, Fatt-
rieii, winters in the perfect or butterfly
state. Last spring I noticed three on
March 10th, and as soon as the days became warm numerous specimens awakened from their long winter's sleep, were
seen sipping the sugar water from the
stumps of freshly cut trees or hovering
above the early spring flowers. Liter on,
after the members of the first brood were
hatched,they were frequently found along
roadsides or in the vicinity of woods which
contained the food plants of the larva-
Some specimens were also seen in town,
seeking, I suppose, through the gaidens
for hop vines on which to deposit their
eggs. Although four broods are hatched
in a season, the number of larvte is never
sufficiently great to do much damage to
vegetation. In regard to the two forms,
Mr. W. H. Edwards states that from the
eggs of two female Umbrosa'. a number of
| larva- were hatched, ot which, 49 after
wards developed into perfect Ins ecu-; 29
being Umbrosa, and 20 Fabricii. The two
forms, however, never marge into one another, but are always distinct.
19. Orapta comma. This butterfly,which
is quite oommon in this part of the State,
closely resembles the last species, but may
be distinguished by Its smaller size, and
by having six Instead of seven black spots
near the middle of fore wings. Tne under
side of -wings Is mottled with various
shades of brown and yellow-,and the silver
mark of hind wings is a comma. Tbe eggs
of this species are placed sirglyon the
surface of a young leaf of the food plant
and hatch in four days. The larva then
forms a shelter for Itself by drawing together the edges of the leaf and fastening
them with a web. From this retreat it
comes forth at night and feeds by itself,
eating the leaf evenly across the end. The
mature larva- "are from an inch to an
inch and a quarter long, and quite
variable In color. Some are black, with
yellow bases to the spines, while others
are nearly white with red spots along
the sides." Food plants, elm, nettle
and hop, the latter being often much
damaged by them. Like Q. interrogationis,
the members of the late orood of this
species seek some sheltered place such
as a crevice in a rock or a bole ln a
tree where tbey pass the winter in a dormant state, from which they are aroused
by the warm bretzssof spring. During
the summer three or four may usually be
foutd near one another In damp places,
alongside of streams, or in shaded ravines.
They, as well as interrogationis, when disturbed have a habit of making a circuit
and flying back to the same spot from
whence they ail started.
20 ilrapla progne. f A rather small fly,
the wings expanding about 1.75 inches.
Seen from the upper side It bears a very
close resemblance to both of the above
species, but beneath the wings are dark
bre wn streaked with narrow lines of black
and gray, except the outer half of fore
wings which is whitish. A very narrow
green line extends across both wings near
the outer margin and the silver mark of
hind  wings is narrow  and more like the
letter L than a comma. "The matur«
larva Is about one inch long, of a burl
color, the en si stripes on the back parts of
the joints black and pale buff. There are
seven rows of spines, some of which are
white above with yellow bases, others
black with yellow bases." Food plants,
gooseberry, currant, blackberry and elm.
Not common, only eight or ten specimens
having been seen. It is found in company
with comma and has essentially the same
habits as that species.
21. Vanessa antiopa. A large and beautiful butterfly with theuppersurface of all
the wings a dark velvety brown. Tho
outer border is yellow, and just before it
in the edge of the brown is a row of blue
spots which crosses both wings. The un -
der side is dark with a pale outer border,
and a small gray spot near center of each
wing. The mature larva- "are two Inches
long, black, minutely dotted with while
which give them a grayish look; and with
a dorsal row of brick red spots." Th»y
feed in companies on the leaves of willow,
elm and poplar. This butterfly is seen in
spring as early, if not earlier, than G. interrogationis, as it also winters in the perfect state; but it Is much more common
than that species for arjout a month, after
which it disappears and none are seen till
the first of June, when they again become
oommon, the first brood of the season
having latched. A second brood hatches
in September. They are usually found
along banks of streams and in open woods.
This species is found in England where it
is known as the Camberwell Beauty, but
it is very rare there and is considered a
great prize by the collector.
Indiana University.
MAEI0K COUNTY A. AUD  H. SOCIETY.
The November meeting held last Saturday in the rooms of tbe State Board was
presided over by Vice president E. J. Howland. Some talk was had about the Injury
done to the growing wheat by the fly, and
it was generally admitted that late sowing
was the most effectual remedy.
Br. A. Furnas, of Danville, was present
by invitation and gave an interesting illustrated talk on grafting by the different
method*. He showed that there was no
serious difficulty about the ordinary method, and that farmers could readily learn
the art. He spoke of the Jarmlnlte as an
excellent variety of winter apple, worthy
of general propagation. It is extremely
hardy, a good bearer and late keeper.
A resolution offered by Mr. Lawrence
to appoint a committee to devise ways and
means, to increase the finances of the society, was adopted and a committee for the
purpose was appointed. A committee
consisting of the vice presidents of the
society was appointed to petition the
county commissioners to rescind their
order, now in force, permitting cows to
run at large.
On motion it was resolved that hereafter the meetings shall be opened at 11
o'clock a. m. instead of 1 o'clock p. m.
Speaking of the proposed removal of
the State fair, Mr. W. H. Ragan reminds
us tbat he Introduced a resolution on the
subject, at a meeting of the State Board in
January 1880, but no action was taken in
regard to the matter.