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VOL. XXI. INL r"y i.„-r I IND., SATURDAY, NOV. 20,1886. NO 47 'gXxt JJairy. Written for ths Indiana Farmer. Churning Made Easy. I presume most people who have much churning to do own one of the many different patent churns; but there are many who prefer the motion of the old dash churn were it not for the hard work. There are some attachments which can be applied to the dash, but all of them have been patented that I know any thing about and are about as expensive as a patent churn. If there Is anything in existence like the attachment I am going to describe I do not know, for when I Invented it I had never seen nor heard of an attachment with a pump-handle motion. ing and selling, but not from making for his own use. I have not given specific measurements because any one wbo can make it at all can adjust it to the size of the churn. Sometime I will tell how to make a different arrangement, and either ef them can be used ln a stone jar. "Watering Oows in Winter. With winter at hand and the stock mostly stabled, the question of how best to supply them with water is important. Dairyman know it does not pay to turn cows out on a cold day to drink from a pond covered with ice. The yield of milk at once falls away. If you have never tried warming the drinking water, do it this winter and note the Improvement in the milk yield. Spring water in summer, as it comes from the ground, has usually a temperature of about 52°. Yet cows will pass that by and in preference drink from a brook or pond where the temperature is higher, though the water seems to you to be neither as sweet nor as refreshing. A cow, however, is naturally opposed to cold water and will not drink her till of it, because the chill it produces causes discomfort. If you heat the water from say 40° to 60° or 70°, the oows will drink more and give more milk. A steam generator that will answer that purpose, and steam the feed as well, as can be bought for from $35 to |50, and will soon pay for itself,—Jersey Bulletin. Under the newlaw,which goes into effect November 1, if a farmer, or a large manufacturer in cities, clandestinely manufactured eleomargarine or suine, not only the machinery, but the farms, lots and buildings are forfeited to the government. Tin Hitjuiji—j .u,j tV.iou »,1. hive aa idea of its construction. Take a piece of timber about three or four Inches square and about two feet long oi as long as a small cistern pump handle. Mortise a place in one end large enough to contain the dash handle. Take another piece of about the same dimensions but long enough to reach a foot oi ao above the churn top and extended to nearly the bottom. Mortise a place in the upper end of it large enough to contain the handle and deep enough to allow of adjustment. Round off the handle so it will be smooth for the hands. Have two iron bands made that will slip over the churn and the up right piece thus holding it fast to the churn; or it may be bolted to the churn. Attach the handle to this by a bolt or rod which must be so that it can be easily removed. Attach to the churn handle by putting a hole through the handle and running a bolt or rod through. The dots are holes which allow of proper adjustments according to the amount of cream in the churn. When it is all properly a1 justed all there is to do is to sit down and"pnmp" until the buttar comes. The handle is easily detached, but it is not necessary to remove the upright piece aa it is not much in the way of cleaning the churn. Now unless there Is a patent on a pump-handle motion any one can have easy churning; and even if there waa a patent I believe it only prohibits a person from manufatur Written for the Indiana Farmer, Some Indiana Butterflies.—No. 3. BY W. 8. BLATCHLKT. The numbers of the genus (Jrapta of this sub-family may be readily recognized by the outer and hind margins of their fore wings being irregularly notched, while the hind wings are furnished with prominent talis and have on their under aide, near the middle a narrow, curved, silver mark. The genus is represented In this vicinity by three species, as follows: 18. drapta inttrrogationis A medium- sized butterfly, the wings expanding 2 5 inches. Upper surfer jf fore wings red- ,U t. tbe outer edge with an near the center by .for of which are round, or 1< * four sided. There f thi species, the one, T.'m- the upper surface of hind dish brown a darker' bro\ seven black s, the others mo- are two forms brosa, having wings almost black with a very narrow edge of lilac; while the other, Fabriciithas the hind wings a dark reddish brown, rather broadly edged with lilac, and con talning four black spots near the base and a row of small orange yellow spots near outer margin. The lower surface of the wings of both forms is of various shades of brown, and the silver mark of hind wings Is a broken C or interrogation point, whence the specific name. The mature larvee vary in color, but are usually brown, more or less striped and speckled with yellow and having uneven rows of blackish spines. The chrysalis is marked on the back with eight silver spots. Food plants, hop, elm, nettle and linden. Thla is one of the first butterflies seen in the spring, as the fall form, Fatt- rieii, winters in the perfect or butterfly state. Last spring I noticed three on March 10th, and as soon as the days became warm numerous specimens awakened from their long winter's sleep, were seen sipping the sugar water from the stumps of freshly cut trees or hovering above the early spring flowers. Liter on, after the members of the first brood were hatched,they were frequently found along roadsides or in the vicinity of woods which contained the food plants of the larva- Some specimens were also seen in town, seeking, I suppose, through the gaidens for hop vines on which to deposit their eggs. Although four broods are hatched in a season, the number of larvte is never sufficiently great to do much damage to vegetation. In regard to the two forms, Mr. W. H. Edwards states that from the eggs of two female Umbrosa'. a number of | larva- were hatched, ot which, 49 after wards developed into perfect Ins ecu-; 29 being Umbrosa, and 20 Fabricii. The two forms, however, never marge into one another, but are always distinct. 19. Orapta comma. This butterfly,which is quite oommon in this part of the State, closely resembles the last species, but may be distinguished by Its smaller size, and by having six Instead of seven black spots near the middle of fore wings. Tne under side of -wings Is mottled with various shades of brown and yellow-,and the silver mark of hind wings is a comma. Tbe eggs of this species are placed sirglyon the surface of a young leaf of the food plant and hatch in four days. The larva then forms a shelter for Itself by drawing together the edges of the leaf and fastening them with a web. From this retreat it comes forth at night and feeds by itself, eating the leaf evenly across the end. The mature larva- "are from an inch to an inch and a quarter long, and quite variable In color. Some are black, with yellow bases to the spines, while others are nearly white with red spots along the sides." Food plants, elm, nettle and hop, the latter being often much damaged by them. Like Q. interrogationis, the members of the late orood of this species seek some sheltered place such as a crevice in a rock or a bole ln a tree where tbey pass the winter in a dormant state, from which they are aroused by the warm bretzssof spring. During the summer three or four may usually be foutd near one another In damp places, alongside of streams, or in shaded ravines. They, as well as interrogationis, when disturbed have a habit of making a circuit and flying back to the same spot from whence they ail started. 20 ilrapla progne. f A rather small fly, the wings expanding about 1.75 inches. Seen from the upper side It bears a very close resemblance to both of the above species, but beneath the wings are dark bre wn streaked with narrow lines of black and gray, except the outer half of fore wings which is whitish. A very narrow green line extends across both wings near the outer margin and the silver mark of hind wings is narrow and more like the letter L than a comma. "The matur« larva Is about one inch long, of a burl color, the en si stripes on the back parts of the joints black and pale buff. There are seven rows of spines, some of which are white above with yellow bases, others black with yellow bases." Food plants, gooseberry, currant, blackberry and elm. Not common, only eight or ten specimens having been seen. It is found in company with comma and has essentially the same habits as that species. 21. Vanessa antiopa. A large and beautiful butterfly with theuppersurface of all the wings a dark velvety brown. Tho outer border is yellow, and just before it in the edge of the brown is a row of blue spots which crosses both wings. The un - der side is dark with a pale outer border, and a small gray spot near center of each wing. The mature larva- "are two Inches long, black, minutely dotted with while which give them a grayish look; and with a dorsal row of brick red spots." Th»y feed in companies on the leaves of willow, elm and poplar. This butterfly is seen in spring as early, if not earlier, than G. interrogationis, as it also winters in the perfect state; but it Is much more common than that species for arjout a month, after which it disappears and none are seen till the first of June, when they again become oommon, the first brood of the season having latched. A second brood hatches in September. They are usually found along banks of streams and in open woods. This species is found in England where it is known as the Camberwell Beauty, but it is very rare there and is considered a great prize by the collector. Indiana University. MAEI0K COUNTY A. AUD H. SOCIETY. The November meeting held last Saturday in the rooms of tbe State Board was presided over by Vice president E. J. Howland. Some talk was had about the Injury done to the growing wheat by the fly, and it was generally admitted that late sowing was the most effectual remedy. Br. A. Furnas, of Danville, was present by invitation and gave an interesting illustrated talk on grafting by the different method*. He showed that there was no serious difficulty about the ordinary method, and that farmers could readily learn the art. He spoke of the Jarmlnlte as an excellent variety of winter apple, worthy of general propagation. It is extremely hardy, a good bearer and late keeper. A resolution offered by Mr. Lawrence to appoint a committee to devise ways and means, to increase the finances of the society, was adopted and a committee for the purpose was appointed. A committee consisting of the vice presidents of the society was appointed to petition the county commissioners to rescind their order, now in force, permitting cows to run at large. On motion it was resolved that hereafter the meetings shall be opened at 11 o'clock a. m. instead of 1 o'clock p. m. Speaking of the proposed removal of the State fair, Mr. W. H. Ragan reminds us tbat he Introduced a resolution on the subject, at a meeting of the State Board in January 1880, but no action was taken in regard to the matter.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1886, v. 21, no. 47 (Nov. 20) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA2147 |
Date of Original | 1886 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-03-21 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | VOL. XXI. INL r"y i.„-r I IND., SATURDAY, NOV. 20,1886. NO 47 'gXxt JJairy. Written for ths Indiana Farmer. Churning Made Easy. I presume most people who have much churning to do own one of the many different patent churns; but there are many who prefer the motion of the old dash churn were it not for the hard work. There are some attachments which can be applied to the dash, but all of them have been patented that I know any thing about and are about as expensive as a patent churn. If there Is anything in existence like the attachment I am going to describe I do not know, for when I Invented it I had never seen nor heard of an attachment with a pump-handle motion. ing and selling, but not from making for his own use. I have not given specific measurements because any one wbo can make it at all can adjust it to the size of the churn. Sometime I will tell how to make a different arrangement, and either ef them can be used ln a stone jar. "Watering Oows in Winter. With winter at hand and the stock mostly stabled, the question of how best to supply them with water is important. Dairyman know it does not pay to turn cows out on a cold day to drink from a pond covered with ice. The yield of milk at once falls away. If you have never tried warming the drinking water, do it this winter and note the Improvement in the milk yield. Spring water in summer, as it comes from the ground, has usually a temperature of about 52°. Yet cows will pass that by and in preference drink from a brook or pond where the temperature is higher, though the water seems to you to be neither as sweet nor as refreshing. A cow, however, is naturally opposed to cold water and will not drink her till of it, because the chill it produces causes discomfort. If you heat the water from say 40° to 60° or 70°, the oows will drink more and give more milk. A steam generator that will answer that purpose, and steam the feed as well, as can be bought for from $35 to |50, and will soon pay for itself,—Jersey Bulletin. Under the newlaw,which goes into effect November 1, if a farmer, or a large manufacturer in cities, clandestinely manufactured eleomargarine or suine, not only the machinery, but the farms, lots and buildings are forfeited to the government. Tin Hitjuiji—j .u,j tV.iou »,1. hive aa idea of its construction. Take a piece of timber about three or four Inches square and about two feet long oi as long as a small cistern pump handle. Mortise a place in one end large enough to contain the dash handle. Take another piece of about the same dimensions but long enough to reach a foot oi ao above the churn top and extended to nearly the bottom. Mortise a place in the upper end of it large enough to contain the handle and deep enough to allow of adjustment. Round off the handle so it will be smooth for the hands. Have two iron bands made that will slip over the churn and the up right piece thus holding it fast to the churn; or it may be bolted to the churn. Attach the handle to this by a bolt or rod which must be so that it can be easily removed. Attach to the churn handle by putting a hole through the handle and running a bolt or rod through. The dots are holes which allow of proper adjustments according to the amount of cream in the churn. When it is all properly a1 justed all there is to do is to sit down and"pnmp" until the buttar comes. The handle is easily detached, but it is not necessary to remove the upright piece aa it is not much in the way of cleaning the churn. Now unless there Is a patent on a pump-handle motion any one can have easy churning; and even if there waa a patent I believe it only prohibits a person from manufatur Written for the Indiana Farmer, Some Indiana Butterflies.—No. 3. BY W. 8. BLATCHLKT. The numbers of the genus (Jrapta of this sub-family may be readily recognized by the outer and hind margins of their fore wings being irregularly notched, while the hind wings are furnished with prominent talis and have on their under aide, near the middle a narrow, curved, silver mark. The genus is represented In this vicinity by three species, as follows: 18. drapta inttrrogationis A medium- sized butterfly, the wings expanding 2 5 inches. Upper surfer jf fore wings red- ,U t. tbe outer edge with an near the center by .for of which are round, or 1< * four sided. There f thi species, the one, T.'m- the upper surface of hind dish brown a darker' bro\ seven black s, the others mo- are two forms brosa, having wings almost black with a very narrow edge of lilac; while the other, Fabriciithas the hind wings a dark reddish brown, rather broadly edged with lilac, and con talning four black spots near the base and a row of small orange yellow spots near outer margin. The lower surface of the wings of both forms is of various shades of brown, and the silver mark of hind wings Is a broken C or interrogation point, whence the specific name. The mature larvee vary in color, but are usually brown, more or less striped and speckled with yellow and having uneven rows of blackish spines. The chrysalis is marked on the back with eight silver spots. Food plants, hop, elm, nettle and linden. Thla is one of the first butterflies seen in the spring, as the fall form, Fatt- rieii, winters in the perfect or butterfly state. Last spring I noticed three on March 10th, and as soon as the days became warm numerous specimens awakened from their long winter's sleep, were seen sipping the sugar water from the stumps of freshly cut trees or hovering above the early spring flowers. Liter on, after the members of the first brood were hatched,they were frequently found along roadsides or in the vicinity of woods which contained the food plants of the larva- Some specimens were also seen in town, seeking, I suppose, through the gaidens for hop vines on which to deposit their eggs. Although four broods are hatched in a season, the number of larvte is never sufficiently great to do much damage to vegetation. In regard to the two forms, Mr. W. H. Edwards states that from the eggs of two female Umbrosa'. a number of | larva- were hatched, ot which, 49 after wards developed into perfect Ins ecu-; 29 being Umbrosa, and 20 Fabricii. The two forms, however, never marge into one another, but are always distinct. 19. Orapta comma. This butterfly,which is quite oommon in this part of the State, closely resembles the last species, but may be distinguished by Its smaller size, and by having six Instead of seven black spots near the middle of fore wings. Tne under side of -wings Is mottled with various shades of brown and yellow-,and the silver mark of hind wings is a comma. Tbe eggs of this species are placed sirglyon the surface of a young leaf of the food plant and hatch in four days. The larva then forms a shelter for Itself by drawing together the edges of the leaf and fastening them with a web. From this retreat it comes forth at night and feeds by itself, eating the leaf evenly across the end. The mature larva- "are from an inch to an inch and a quarter long, and quite variable In color. Some are black, with yellow bases to the spines, while others are nearly white with red spots along the sides." Food plants, elm, nettle and hop, the latter being often much damaged by them. Like Q. interrogationis, the members of the late orood of this species seek some sheltered place such as a crevice in a rock or a bole ln a tree where tbey pass the winter in a dormant state, from which they are aroused by the warm bretzssof spring. During the summer three or four may usually be foutd near one another In damp places, alongside of streams, or in shaded ravines. They, as well as interrogationis, when disturbed have a habit of making a circuit and flying back to the same spot from whence they ail started. 20 ilrapla progne. f A rather small fly, the wings expanding about 1.75 inches. Seen from the upper side It bears a very close resemblance to both of the above species, but beneath the wings are dark bre wn streaked with narrow lines of black and gray, except the outer half of fore wings which is whitish. A very narrow green line extends across both wings near the outer margin and the silver mark of hind wings is narrow and more like the letter L than a comma. "The matur« larva Is about one inch long, of a burl color, the en si stripes on the back parts of the joints black and pale buff. There are seven rows of spines, some of which are white above with yellow bases, others black with yellow bases." Food plants, gooseberry, currant, blackberry and elm. Not common, only eight or ten specimens having been seen. It is found in company with comma and has essentially the same habits as that species. 21. Vanessa antiopa. A large and beautiful butterfly with theuppersurface of all the wings a dark velvety brown. Tho outer border is yellow, and just before it in the edge of the brown is a row of blue spots which crosses both wings. The un - der side is dark with a pale outer border, and a small gray spot near center of each wing. The mature larva- "are two Inches long, black, minutely dotted with while which give them a grayish look; and with a dorsal row of brick red spots." Th»y feed in companies on the leaves of willow, elm and poplar. This butterfly is seen in spring as early, if not earlier, than G. interrogationis, as it also winters in the perfect state; but it Is much more common than that species for arjout a month, after which it disappears and none are seen till the first of June, when they again become oommon, the first brood of the season having latched. A second brood hatches in September. They are usually found along banks of streams and in open woods. This species is found in England where it is known as the Camberwell Beauty, but it is very rare there and is considered a great prize by the collector. Indiana University. MAEI0K COUNTY A. AUD H. SOCIETY. The November meeting held last Saturday in the rooms of tbe State Board was presided over by Vice president E. J. Howland. Some talk was had about the Injury done to the growing wheat by the fly, and it was generally admitted that late sowing was the most effectual remedy. Br. A. Furnas, of Danville, was present by invitation and gave an interesting illustrated talk on grafting by the different method*. He showed that there was no serious difficulty about the ordinary method, and that farmers could readily learn the art. He spoke of the Jarmlnlte as an excellent variety of winter apple, worthy of general propagation. It is extremely hardy, a good bearer and late keeper. A resolution offered by Mr. Lawrence to appoint a committee to devise ways and means, to increase the finances of the society, was adopted and a committee for the purpose was appointed. A committee consisting of the vice presidents of the society was appointed to petition the county commissioners to rescind their order, now in force, permitting cows to run at large. On motion it was resolved that hereafter the meetings shall be opened at 11 o'clock a. m. instead of 1 o'clock p. m. Speaking of the proposed removal of the State fair, Mr. W. H. Ragan reminds us tbat he Introduced a resolution on the subject, at a meeting of the State Board in January 1880, but no action was taken in regard to the matter. |
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