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Purdue Up; l_IE3R,< LAFAYEP VOL. LVII. INDIANAPOLIS, IND., APRIL 5, 1902. NO. 14 To Brace a Fence Post. Editors Indiana Farmer: Below find a diagram of how to brace a wire fence post. Large posts not necessary, but should be 8 feet in length. I a 1 a saw query in your paper, needs to be thoroughly done. r The work Sam Eby. A '"Farmer" in- March 8th issue asks for method to brace end post of fence. We believe the accompanying cut will explain itself, with the exception of saying: 1 is a large flat stone just under the surface; 2 is a piece of 2x0 plank 30 inches long, spiked to bottom end of post before putting post in hole. The nature of the la building the fence, without it is woven, be sure when putting up wires to start from the same end of fence each lime. Should you reverse in stretching every other strand, it will tend to slacken every other one staple. The corner post is not anchored in con- uuence of the rod being in the way. A panel of fence is not objectionable at the corner; in fact it often saves the wire from pulling staples, by persons climbing at coiner of fields. If this should prove to be of any advantage to A Farmer, all I charge, whether he adopts it or not, is to sign his right name, and his place of abode. Robert Morris. Washington Co. soil has something to do with necessary depth of post. If clay soil four feet will be deep enough; lean post slightly away from pull of fence, put in dirt, small amount at each time and tamp solid, especially at aides and back of post, the top half should be tamped very solid in front. W. A. O. Vermillion Co. I noticed in the Indiana Farmer, of No. 10, March 8, an article from some one signed a Farmer, who wishes to know how to brace a post, so it will be perfectly rigid. I suppose he means for a wire fence. A y2 inch rod of iron, 10 feet long, with an eye on one end for a key or bolt, with a thread cut and a tap to tighten on the other end, is what he needs. Then if rocks are accessible, get one two feet long, by most any thickness, with a hole drilled to receive end of rod, with bolt back of rock, buried in the ground or if not convenient to drill a hole, two rocks will answer just as well, with bolt between. A hole nearest the side of post, that the wire is attached, (to prevent the post from tendency to turn), for other end of rod. with washer and nut attached. When properly fixed it is rigid tight. A Editors Iudiana Farmer: In the Farmer of March 15 "A Farmer" inquires if anyone can eell him how to brace the end posts for a wire fence. Let him dig a hole about 3% feet from the end post of his fence, then set a good solid post back seven feet from the end post, with a good brace put in horizontally, about two feet from the top. Then get a large stone or block of wood for an anchor and run three strands of No. 9 wire from the top of the secodn post down past the end post about six inches under ground, down in the bottom of the hole dug at the end of your fence. Throw your anchor in the hole upon the wire, then bring it around on the other side of the end post up to the top of the second post and securely fastening the ends. It 's best rot to put the brace m until the wires are fastened. Weieht your anchor down and tamp the dirt in solid. Tighten vour wires by twisting. You are now renay ror your fence. You need not be afraid of pulling up the end posts. Where there is room at the end of the fence we sometimes leave out the second post ana the brace and simply run the anchor wires out about eight feet from the end post. If any one has a better way lets hear it. Union Co. w. H. L. As a matter of fact, about 400 pounds of a fertilizer containing 1 to 2 ammonia, 7 to 8 available phosphoric acid, and 1 to 2potash is used; supplying per acre about 6 pounds ammonia, 6 pounds potash and 30 pounds available phosphoric acid. There is enough phosphoric acid, but there the fertilizer stops, and also the oats crop stops too. It is quite useless to expect oats to search through the soil for potash as does corn, it has not the long period of growth, not the extensive root system. One of the first signs of a potash shortage is sham grain; that is, grain with little or no kernel—all husk. The grain falls way below in weight, and gives its producer a bad name. It is worth little for feeding purposes. If oats must be planted, lessen the area to suit the quantity of proper fertilizer you can buy. It pays better to grow 600 bushels on 10 acres than 600 bushels on 30 acres. If your dealer will not supply proper oats fertilizer, and you owe him too much to take your trade elsewhere, buy of him some muriate of potash, or kainit, and apply with fertilizer, at the rate of 100 pounds of muriate or 400 pounds of kainit per acre. With this treatment, your clover following oats, which is a good plan, will also do well for clover following oats, game laws by striking out the objectionable word "enclosed" occurring before the word "land" in section 8, and all objections to the game laws on the part of farmers would be removed. John Smith. —We stand corrected. The law should be amended so to afford protection- for the farmer whose land is not fenced. It will soon be time to interview candidates for the legislature on the subject. Let a concerted action be had from all sections of the State as you suggest, and the amendment will be made undoubtedly. which is a good plan, willalso."do "well" for crops for many years in succession, and clover must hare plenty of notash. Tt is at the end of their usefulness may hav Wher rocks are not to be had, of course some durable timber as red cedar or black locust, will answer as an anchor, with a hole for the rod, keyed on smooth surface of hard wood. Full Weight Oats. Editors Indiana Farmer: As soils become worn with incessant cropping and insufficient fertilization, one of the first crops to show exhaustion is oats. It shows first in a failure to give grain full weight, then- the straw becomes short, and grain very scanty, and the crop is abandoned. The reason, nine times out of ten, is a pure and simple lack of available plant food. The oat crop has a short season of growth ami the action of soil forces in making insoluable plant food available, are not in full work when the oats must necessarily mature. Another point is the unfortunate use of fertilizers high in phosphoric acid as compared with nitrogen and potash, which results in a forced early maturity of the crop. The plant food needs of the oat crop are heavy. To yield 60 bushels of grain and 3,200 pounds of straw per acre, the plant must have the actual use of about 60 pounds of nitrogen, 65 pounds of potash, and 25 pounds of phosphoric acid. This means an application per acre of 1,000 pounds of fertilizer containing 6 per cent nitrogen, 6 to 7 per cent potash, and 2 to 3 per cent available phosphoric acid. Of course the nitrogen may be lessened as clover in some form will have started some available nitrogen in the soil, but the potash and phosphoric acid must be supplied. Now. who will use 1,000 pounds of a fertilizer on oats, and who can get a fertilizer containing 2 per cent ammonia 6 to 7 per cent potash and 2 to 3 per cent phosphoric acid? clover must hare plenty of potash. It is because oats clean the top soil so effectually of potash, that this is called an exhausting crop. All farmers should study this matter of crop needs in plant food. The oat crop illustrated here is only one problem in many. They are simple questions when tackled squarely, but you must take only your facts second hand. Do your thinking for yourself. A fertilizer dealer is a necessary aid in farming, but are rarely farmers. The farmers should buy what he wants of the dealer, not go to the dealer to find out what he wants. S. P. Cox. The Legumes. Editors Indiana Farmer: The value of leguminous plants as fertility builders is becoming better known each year. Yet there arc districts where the legumes are not planted to any great extent, and many of the farmers in such localities are wondering why they do not iaise the heavy crops "they used to". The leason is not hard to find. Those inexhaustible prairie soils are not as inexhaustible as was supposed. Year by year they gave back almost imperceptibly until a worn out condition is reached. It is true that they may bear the same crops for many years in succession, Huntinjr on Enclosed Lands. Editors Indiana Farmer: At the risk of becoming tiresome I feel compelled to again call your attention to the Game Law. In a foot note to a communication from Clinton county, in your issue of March 22d, you state: "Section 8 forbids hunting on any farmer's land without his written permission." In a previous communication which you kindy published in your issue of Jan. 25th, I called attention to the fact that Section 8, requires the written consent of the owner or tenant only, when hunting upon closed land. As the law now stand.* there is virtually no protection against hunters who hunt upon land that is not enclosed. So you see that the foot note above referred to is misleading, though evidently not intended to be so. The simplest way would be, in my opinion ,to amend the game law by striking out the word "enclosed" occurring before the word "land" in section 8, and then the law would read as your foot not infers. It is only then, and not until then, that persons will be forbidden to hunt "on any farmer's land without written consent." Let us not get away from the fact that, as the law now stands it is only necessary to obtain a written consent from the owner or tenant when hunting upon "enclosed land" and no written permit from any one is necessary when hunting upon unenclosed land. Let the farmers throughout the state understand this, and by a united effort induce the next legislature to amend the brought during the years of their cultivation many times the original cost price, but there is really no need of their ever approaching very near the condition referred to. The growing and selling from the farm of heavy potash and nitrogen feeding crops, without replacing the loss to the ground will sooner or later exhaust even prairie soil as rich as it is. The only wonder is that it has not worn out sooner. There are many farmers who feed annually large numbers of cattle, who consider it almost a waste of time to haul out and scatter manure on cultivated land. But oftener the supply of barnyard manure runs out before all the land is covered. In that case the leguminous crop, to which belongs the property of drawing on the air for its supply of nitrogen and converting this usually unavailable element into available plant food, is invaluable as a soil renovator. By legumes are meant those plants which bear their seeds in legumes or pods, and of these there are something less than 100 in cultivation-. Alfalfa and the soy bean are the best known of these plants in the west. The roots of these are prorided with tiny nodules, which are supposed to contain the nitrogen fixing bacteria. However this may be, the plants are raluable if a stand can be obtained on old culti- rated fields, for bringing them into a higher degree of fertility and restoring them from their partly rundown condition. What red clover does erery year for the Bast, alfalfa will do for the West. The soy bean takes the place of the cow pea in the West, in that it resists drouth better and can be grown on a wider range of soils. However, different leguminous plants succeed in different localities, even in the West, and it remains for the farmer to decide which are best adapted to his particular vicinity. AH legumes have the property of drawing nitrogen- from the the atmosphere, and these are the only plants which have. As their roots usually penetrate deeply into the subsoil they have been termed the farmer's subsoilers Especially is this true of the clovers. When their mechanical action becomes more generally known there will be more of them planted, and the farmers will be enriched in proportion. Kansas. A prairie Parmer
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1902, v. 57, no. 14 (Apr. 5) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA5714 |
Date of Original | 1902 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-03-11 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | Purdue Up; l_IE3R,< LAFAYEP VOL. LVII. INDIANAPOLIS, IND., APRIL 5, 1902. NO. 14 To Brace a Fence Post. Editors Indiana Farmer: Below find a diagram of how to brace a wire fence post. Large posts not necessary, but should be 8 feet in length. I a 1 a saw query in your paper, needs to be thoroughly done. r The work Sam Eby. A '"Farmer" in- March 8th issue asks for method to brace end post of fence. We believe the accompanying cut will explain itself, with the exception of saying: 1 is a large flat stone just under the surface; 2 is a piece of 2x0 plank 30 inches long, spiked to bottom end of post before putting post in hole. The nature of the la building the fence, without it is woven, be sure when putting up wires to start from the same end of fence each lime. Should you reverse in stretching every other strand, it will tend to slacken every other one staple. The corner post is not anchored in con- uuence of the rod being in the way. A panel of fence is not objectionable at the corner; in fact it often saves the wire from pulling staples, by persons climbing at coiner of fields. If this should prove to be of any advantage to A Farmer, all I charge, whether he adopts it or not, is to sign his right name, and his place of abode. Robert Morris. Washington Co. soil has something to do with necessary depth of post. If clay soil four feet will be deep enough; lean post slightly away from pull of fence, put in dirt, small amount at each time and tamp solid, especially at aides and back of post, the top half should be tamped very solid in front. W. A. O. Vermillion Co. I noticed in the Indiana Farmer, of No. 10, March 8, an article from some one signed a Farmer, who wishes to know how to brace a post, so it will be perfectly rigid. I suppose he means for a wire fence. A y2 inch rod of iron, 10 feet long, with an eye on one end for a key or bolt, with a thread cut and a tap to tighten on the other end, is what he needs. Then if rocks are accessible, get one two feet long, by most any thickness, with a hole drilled to receive end of rod, with bolt back of rock, buried in the ground or if not convenient to drill a hole, two rocks will answer just as well, with bolt between. A hole nearest the side of post, that the wire is attached, (to prevent the post from tendency to turn), for other end of rod. with washer and nut attached. When properly fixed it is rigid tight. A Editors Iudiana Farmer: In the Farmer of March 15 "A Farmer" inquires if anyone can eell him how to brace the end posts for a wire fence. Let him dig a hole about 3% feet from the end post of his fence, then set a good solid post back seven feet from the end post, with a good brace put in horizontally, about two feet from the top. Then get a large stone or block of wood for an anchor and run three strands of No. 9 wire from the top of the secodn post down past the end post about six inches under ground, down in the bottom of the hole dug at the end of your fence. Throw your anchor in the hole upon the wire, then bring it around on the other side of the end post up to the top of the second post and securely fastening the ends. It 's best rot to put the brace m until the wires are fastened. Weieht your anchor down and tamp the dirt in solid. Tighten vour wires by twisting. You are now renay ror your fence. You need not be afraid of pulling up the end posts. Where there is room at the end of the fence we sometimes leave out the second post ana the brace and simply run the anchor wires out about eight feet from the end post. If any one has a better way lets hear it. Union Co. w. H. L. As a matter of fact, about 400 pounds of a fertilizer containing 1 to 2 ammonia, 7 to 8 available phosphoric acid, and 1 to 2potash is used; supplying per acre about 6 pounds ammonia, 6 pounds potash and 30 pounds available phosphoric acid. There is enough phosphoric acid, but there the fertilizer stops, and also the oats crop stops too. It is quite useless to expect oats to search through the soil for potash as does corn, it has not the long period of growth, not the extensive root system. One of the first signs of a potash shortage is sham grain; that is, grain with little or no kernel—all husk. The grain falls way below in weight, and gives its producer a bad name. It is worth little for feeding purposes. If oats must be planted, lessen the area to suit the quantity of proper fertilizer you can buy. It pays better to grow 600 bushels on 10 acres than 600 bushels on 30 acres. If your dealer will not supply proper oats fertilizer, and you owe him too much to take your trade elsewhere, buy of him some muriate of potash, or kainit, and apply with fertilizer, at the rate of 100 pounds of muriate or 400 pounds of kainit per acre. With this treatment, your clover following oats, which is a good plan, will also do well for clover following oats, game laws by striking out the objectionable word "enclosed" occurring before the word "land" in section 8, and all objections to the game laws on the part of farmers would be removed. John Smith. —We stand corrected. The law should be amended so to afford protection- for the farmer whose land is not fenced. It will soon be time to interview candidates for the legislature on the subject. Let a concerted action be had from all sections of the State as you suggest, and the amendment will be made undoubtedly. which is a good plan, willalso."do "well" for crops for many years in succession, and clover must hare plenty of notash. Tt is at the end of their usefulness may hav Wher rocks are not to be had, of course some durable timber as red cedar or black locust, will answer as an anchor, with a hole for the rod, keyed on smooth surface of hard wood. Full Weight Oats. Editors Indiana Farmer: As soils become worn with incessant cropping and insufficient fertilization, one of the first crops to show exhaustion is oats. It shows first in a failure to give grain full weight, then- the straw becomes short, and grain very scanty, and the crop is abandoned. The reason, nine times out of ten, is a pure and simple lack of available plant food. The oat crop has a short season of growth ami the action of soil forces in making insoluable plant food available, are not in full work when the oats must necessarily mature. Another point is the unfortunate use of fertilizers high in phosphoric acid as compared with nitrogen and potash, which results in a forced early maturity of the crop. The plant food needs of the oat crop are heavy. To yield 60 bushels of grain and 3,200 pounds of straw per acre, the plant must have the actual use of about 60 pounds of nitrogen, 65 pounds of potash, and 25 pounds of phosphoric acid. This means an application per acre of 1,000 pounds of fertilizer containing 6 per cent nitrogen, 6 to 7 per cent potash, and 2 to 3 per cent available phosphoric acid. Of course the nitrogen may be lessened as clover in some form will have started some available nitrogen in the soil, but the potash and phosphoric acid must be supplied. Now. who will use 1,000 pounds of a fertilizer on oats, and who can get a fertilizer containing 2 per cent ammonia 6 to 7 per cent potash and 2 to 3 per cent phosphoric acid? clover must hare plenty of potash. It is because oats clean the top soil so effectually of potash, that this is called an exhausting crop. All farmers should study this matter of crop needs in plant food. The oat crop illustrated here is only one problem in many. They are simple questions when tackled squarely, but you must take only your facts second hand. Do your thinking for yourself. A fertilizer dealer is a necessary aid in farming, but are rarely farmers. The farmers should buy what he wants of the dealer, not go to the dealer to find out what he wants. S. P. Cox. The Legumes. Editors Indiana Farmer: The value of leguminous plants as fertility builders is becoming better known each year. Yet there arc districts where the legumes are not planted to any great extent, and many of the farmers in such localities are wondering why they do not iaise the heavy crops "they used to". The leason is not hard to find. Those inexhaustible prairie soils are not as inexhaustible as was supposed. Year by year they gave back almost imperceptibly until a worn out condition is reached. It is true that they may bear the same crops for many years in succession, Huntinjr on Enclosed Lands. Editors Indiana Farmer: At the risk of becoming tiresome I feel compelled to again call your attention to the Game Law. In a foot note to a communication from Clinton county, in your issue of March 22d, you state: "Section 8 forbids hunting on any farmer's land without his written permission." In a previous communication which you kindy published in your issue of Jan. 25th, I called attention to the fact that Section 8, requires the written consent of the owner or tenant only, when hunting upon closed land. As the law now stand.* there is virtually no protection against hunters who hunt upon land that is not enclosed. So you see that the foot note above referred to is misleading, though evidently not intended to be so. The simplest way would be, in my opinion ,to amend the game law by striking out the word "enclosed" occurring before the word "land" in section 8, and then the law would read as your foot not infers. It is only then, and not until then, that persons will be forbidden to hunt "on any farmer's land without written consent." Let us not get away from the fact that, as the law now stands it is only necessary to obtain a written consent from the owner or tenant when hunting upon "enclosed land" and no written permit from any one is necessary when hunting upon unenclosed land. Let the farmers throughout the state understand this, and by a united effort induce the next legislature to amend the brought during the years of their cultivation many times the original cost price, but there is really no need of their ever approaching very near the condition referred to. The growing and selling from the farm of heavy potash and nitrogen feeding crops, without replacing the loss to the ground will sooner or later exhaust even prairie soil as rich as it is. The only wonder is that it has not worn out sooner. There are many farmers who feed annually large numbers of cattle, who consider it almost a waste of time to haul out and scatter manure on cultivated land. But oftener the supply of barnyard manure runs out before all the land is covered. In that case the leguminous crop, to which belongs the property of drawing on the air for its supply of nitrogen and converting this usually unavailable element into available plant food, is invaluable as a soil renovator. By legumes are meant those plants which bear their seeds in legumes or pods, and of these there are something less than 100 in cultivation-. Alfalfa and the soy bean are the best known of these plants in the west. The roots of these are prorided with tiny nodules, which are supposed to contain the nitrogen fixing bacteria. However this may be, the plants are raluable if a stand can be obtained on old culti- rated fields, for bringing them into a higher degree of fertility and restoring them from their partly rundown condition. What red clover does erery year for the Bast, alfalfa will do for the West. The soy bean takes the place of the cow pea in the West, in that it resists drouth better and can be grown on a wider range of soils. However, different leguminous plants succeed in different localities, even in the West, and it remains for the farmer to decide which are best adapted to his particular vicinity. AH legumes have the property of drawing nitrogen- from the the atmosphere, and these are the only plants which have. As their roots usually penetrate deeply into the subsoil they have been termed the farmer's subsoilers Especially is this true of the clovers. When their mechanical action becomes more generally known there will be more of them planted, and the farmers will be enriched in proportion. Kansas. A prairie Parmer |
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