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VOL. XXIX INDIANAPOLIS, IND. FEB., 3, 1894 NO. 5. Some Results From Destruction of Our Birds and Game and How Oan the Evils be Prevented? BT J. F. BICHABDSON. [Bead before Marion Co. A. sfc H. Society, Dec. 9.J It may ba well to preface this discussion with a general classification of hunters, that the evils arising to the farmer and public good therefrom may be reached. Hunters may be divided into three classes: 1. Those that are honorable. 2. Those that are dishonorable. 3. The lawless class. To the first class belong belong gentlemen who ride to the country in their carriage, or other wise, and request leave to go on your farm to shoot some birds, but who always leave a part of a covey of quails to perpetuate their species. To this class permission is generally granted with courteous hospitality to man and beast, and the farmer can, by caution or stabling, protect his animals from injury. The second class comprise those who belong to a society for the protection of game, consisting largely of liquor dealers and their patrons. A party of these, with dogs and guns will take the morning train to a station, divide up in squads of twos, and, without requesting permission of any one will separate themselves, say sixty rods apart, and, with their trained bird dogs, take all of the game till the station nearer home is reached, at which place they take the homeward train. During their scouring and driving their path is marked by the letting down of fences, which lets the farmer's stock into his neighbor's fields, making him liable for damage, or lets them into the publio highway where they stray off, probably on the railroad track, if not taken up, when loss of his time and pound fees are incurred. On the farms passed through the sheep, colts, and stock are frightened, and often wounded or killed. Their shooting startles and often renders unmanageable the team attached to the load of corn the farmer or his help are husking, and not unfrequently they are also treated to a hall of shot from their guns. To this same class belong those who ride along in their conveyance, who send out their dogs on each side of the road, stopping, hitching, and shooting the covey of quails found by the dogs. The farmer who objects to their so doing isgreated with "O. Is this your farm? 1 thought it belonged to Mr. Adams, or Mr. Merrifield, who live in the city, and who gave us liberty to hunt on their farms." If you ask their names they will mention that of some prominent citizen, judge or minister. To the third class belongs that lawless tribe who, upon Sunday come out in swarms with their dogs, guns, bags and baskets In grocery and delivery wagons, who kill the domestic fowls for game, take the berries, grapes, fruit, paw-paws, corn, pumpkins, p .tatoes, nuts, and even fence rails—anything to make a load. They shoot your horses, sheep and .stock, leave open your gates, butt your trees with rails, spoiling your timber and lowering your fences. These curse and insult the farmer, defying him, using the most abusive and filthy language in so doing. If the farmer should go where the birds and game are offered for sale and take a half dczen of the birds taken from his farm and start away with them, he would not go far before a policeman would have him in charge, and he would be taken be fore the proper officer, and with a short trial, he would be sent to the work house for thirty days, and for a second offence he would be sent to prison for six months or a year. If the farmer should follow up and commence suit against these parties after they ha~~e pillaged on his" premises, They -will be fined a small sum, To this third class also belong the coon hunters who make night hideous with the howling of their hounds and the barking in consequence of all the dogs in the neighborhood added to their own yells. They cut the coon tree, taking no care of how much valuable timber they injure in felling it; set fire to your woods with their torches, and the farmer's fences, cord wood and cut timber awaiting being hauled to the mill, are consumed, and the farmer is fortunate, in a dry season if the fire does not run in the night and burn his hay and straw stacks, his buildings and himself and family. Gleanings from Exchanges. The total wealth of this country in 1880 was $43,042,000,000; in 1893,102,600,000,000; money in circulation in 1880, $973,382,228; in 1890, $1,429,251,270. Interest bearing debt in 1880, $1,723,993,100; in 1890 only $725,31.'., 140; national bank capital in 1880, $463,000,000; in 1890, $667,250,000; savings bank deposits in 1880, $891,901,141; in 1890, $1,654,826,142; total value of manufactures in 1880, $2,711,579,999; in 1890, $4,860,285,837; total value farm products in 1880, $3,475,- 000,000; in 1890, $4,500,000,000; miles of railroad in 1880, 92,296; In 1890, 166,702 miles. Having called to notice some of the evils resulting from hunters' visits on the farm, a few questions will now be presented. 1. What claim has the farmer upon birds and game? He protects, shelters and feeds them. How? He protects and shelters them by keeping his farm advertised, and by paying taxes on his property. He feeds them by raising crops, of which they have a share, and by putting out food for them in winter. 2. Of what use are these to the farmer? They add a pleasing feature to his property. They are a food. The birds protect his crops from ravages of insects, which tend to destroy them. 3. What harm does the farmer in particular and the community in general sustain from their destruction? Harm to the farmer.—lst. The depriving him of game on his premises is a food Joss and a pecuniary loss; a food loss to his own and hired hands' families, and a financial loss, as he is deprived of their market value. 2d. His stock is frightened, shot or killed, and himself and men are liable to injury from hunters. 3d. Gates are left open, fences torn down, stock strays off, incurring loss of crops, time, damage, and pound fees, if not total of strayed stock. 4th. Hunters frequently class domestic fowls as fame, together with corn, nuts, fruit—ir general, anything they can carry off. In the nut and coon hunting the farmers' timber is destroyed, and he liable to serious destruction by fires. 6th. It disturbs the farmer's peace; he is insulting when exercising the right of protecting his property, and he cannot leave his premises with any security upon the Sabbath. Tho harm to the community in general may be summed upas follows: The loss of insect destroyers makes the crops short, causing a partial famine, raising the price of food products. This discourages a worthy class of people upon whom the public at large are dependent for food products. It is public evil, as it fosters a disregard for the rights of others; it, in a measure, protects stealing; a bad example is set* for the youtn in the country; it encourages the breaking of the Sabbath, owing to the distance of public officers. These questions arise for our consideration: Do our present laws establish justice with judgment? Do not our present laws protect hunters at the expense of the farmer? Should not the hunter be as severely punished for taking the farmer's quails as the farmer would be did he take a half dozen of the same shot on his farm from where they were offered for sale? What shall we do to amend evils and establish justice? . » s> ■> Joseph RauEcr, of Ft. Wayne, despondent over inability to obtain emplyment, committed suicide by shooting himself through the head. A few years ago he owned a fine farm in Allen county, which he sold and squandered the proceeds In dissipation, Brighter Outlook.—While the farmer has suffered during the past year, he has suffered less than any other class of men in the community and should therefore take a roseate and hopeful view of the situation. It would not surprise us in the least to see next year one of the*-most prosperous years that the farmer has ever enjoyed. There is likely to be no glut from old stores, unless it be perhaps in wool, of any product of his farm. Heavy exports and heavy feeding together with the short crop are fast cleaning up his granaries and there is likely to be no surplus of wheat, corn or oats, and with a short supply of hogs and a decreasing supply of cattle, the outlook, except for the I" lack of confidence, which is fast being restored, really seems better than it has for a number of years past.—The Homestead. Y., before the Pennsylvania Station he shows how farmers have been cheated. In one case the fertilizer sold throughout New EDgland at a high price was nothing but pulverized rock, which had lain for years at the mouth of an abandoned gold mine in New Hampshire. It was worthless as a fertilizer. Another commercial manure, sold as Mason's high grade for $30 per ton, was by analysis shown to be worth only $1 35 per ton. In Georgia the State analysis of fertilizers has saved the planters of that State $1,500,000 in a single year, that being the increased value of the fertilizer bought after it had to be analyzed, as compared with the fertilizer furnished previously.—American Cultivator. Oorn vs. Butter.—Mr. M. L. Brooks, of Cavendish, Mo., told me that he and a neighbor went to town with their produce. The neighbor had 40 bushels of corn and sold it for 22 cents a bushel. This was a big load. Mr. Brooks took to town in his light wagon less than the weight of one bushel of eorn and got more money for it. He took butter. Don't you think he gets much more net out of his corn than the other man; and with good management, the fodder brings in nearly as much as the corn? The butter was sold for 22 cents a pound. He gets that the year round. Butter brings as much per pound as corn does per bushel of 56 pounds of shelled grain. Just think of it! And the butter practically takes nothing from the farm in the way of plant food. A ton of corn takes off what you could not buy back In fertilizers for less than about $6.—T. B. Terry, in Practical Parmer. Harrows.—Of the various implements now used, there are two kinds—those which run under the top soil and loosen it up, and those which cut or press downward. The first Bucceed best by producing loose and mellow ground, as the spring-tooth harrow; and the others are most efficient on stubble ground and such as has been rendered mellow by plowing. Therefore the farmer whose land is sandy or otherwise easily loosened or rendered friable, may procure for his work such harrows as the Acme, the smoothing implement and the "weeder," which operate by cutting down as they pass; and the disc harrow and cutaway, which both cuts down and raises the soil. The owner of a hard soil, or one which is filled with an abundance of small cobblestones, or coarse grave), will find the harrows which have the lifting character best suited to his purpose, such as all the spring-tooth implements, and the Acme when set to cut deep, and the gang-plows when used as harrows.—Country Gentleman. The Farmer's Work.—It is the business —we may say the fate—of all to work. We can not escape that. Some work by their hands and some by their heads, and the latter work is many times more valuable than the farmer's. Hand work on the farm is the least of the labor. It is of little labor without the brain work to gui'.e the hand with skill to succeed. Those farmers who are working with their heads are making no complaint, and whatever is heard of this kind comes from the handworkers, and only from the least skillful of these. What is wanted on the farm is contentment with the good things we enjoy, enterprise to improve the work, perseverance to carry it through, economy to make everything count, patience under little disappointments, and thankfulness for all the enjoyments we possess over and above the generation which has gone before, and whose labor made for us what we now have.—Henry Stewart, ln N. Y, Times. Some of the Fertilizers.—Thanks to ex perimental stations and frequent analysiri of all brands of fertilizers put npon the market. . Worthless preparations do not find the market they once did. Farmers can now in most States buy fertilizers with guaranteed analysis, and hope to find it worth all It is represented to be. In the address of Pr. Peter Collier, of Geneva, N, Fewer Acres in Wheat.—The excessive sowing of wheat on large tracts with small yields has, we believe run its natural course. The wheat sower in the future must sow fewer acres and getlarge enough yield to give him some profit, however low the price. But when this time comes the price of wheat must advance to a point where it will pay to increase the permanent fertility of the soil. It will be slow work to retrace the steps by which much of our cultivated land has been depleted of its fertility. But with the use of clover and the combination of wheat growing with other crops and the keeping of a greater amount of stock this change can be made. But it can only be by an improvement in the character of stock so that its keeping will be more than paid for, leaving the manure pile as the profit. , The improvement of the character of farm stock meets us as the first necessity in any discussion of the means to secure better farming.—American Farmer. Rape as a Forage Crop. We have before alluded to the value of rape as a farm and forage crop, and have been asked to give a little mere extended information concerning it. The best variety to grow in this country is the dwarf Essex. This is a strong growing sort, producing very broad leaves, which soon cover the field with a mass of vegetation. From one to two pounds is sown an acre, broadcast or in drills, and is cultivated as corn or turnips. The seed can be sown quite late in the season, although the best results come from moderately early sowing, say June or July. The growth covers the soil from one to three feet deep, and nearly all stock will feed upon it. Sheep will fatten upon rape alone. Swine will make flesh rapidly if fed some grain in connection with it. Milk cows will feed upon it, and so hold up to a full How of milk later in the season than by almost any other metnod of pasturing. Wherever it can be grown farmers will find a small field of it profitable.—E~f.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1894, v. 29, no. 05 (Feb. 3) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA2905 |
Date of Original | 1894 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-03-03 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | VOL. XXIX INDIANAPOLIS, IND. FEB., 3, 1894 NO. 5. Some Results From Destruction of Our Birds and Game and How Oan the Evils be Prevented? BT J. F. BICHABDSON. [Bead before Marion Co. A. sfc H. Society, Dec. 9.J It may ba well to preface this discussion with a general classification of hunters, that the evils arising to the farmer and public good therefrom may be reached. Hunters may be divided into three classes: 1. Those that are honorable. 2. Those that are dishonorable. 3. The lawless class. To the first class belong belong gentlemen who ride to the country in their carriage, or other wise, and request leave to go on your farm to shoot some birds, but who always leave a part of a covey of quails to perpetuate their species. To this class permission is generally granted with courteous hospitality to man and beast, and the farmer can, by caution or stabling, protect his animals from injury. The second class comprise those who belong to a society for the protection of game, consisting largely of liquor dealers and their patrons. A party of these, with dogs and guns will take the morning train to a station, divide up in squads of twos, and, without requesting permission of any one will separate themselves, say sixty rods apart, and, with their trained bird dogs, take all of the game till the station nearer home is reached, at which place they take the homeward train. During their scouring and driving their path is marked by the letting down of fences, which lets the farmer's stock into his neighbor's fields, making him liable for damage, or lets them into the publio highway where they stray off, probably on the railroad track, if not taken up, when loss of his time and pound fees are incurred. On the farms passed through the sheep, colts, and stock are frightened, and often wounded or killed. Their shooting startles and often renders unmanageable the team attached to the load of corn the farmer or his help are husking, and not unfrequently they are also treated to a hall of shot from their guns. To this same class belong those who ride along in their conveyance, who send out their dogs on each side of the road, stopping, hitching, and shooting the covey of quails found by the dogs. The farmer who objects to their so doing isgreated with "O. Is this your farm? 1 thought it belonged to Mr. Adams, or Mr. Merrifield, who live in the city, and who gave us liberty to hunt on their farms." If you ask their names they will mention that of some prominent citizen, judge or minister. To the third class belongs that lawless tribe who, upon Sunday come out in swarms with their dogs, guns, bags and baskets In grocery and delivery wagons, who kill the domestic fowls for game, take the berries, grapes, fruit, paw-paws, corn, pumpkins, p .tatoes, nuts, and even fence rails—anything to make a load. They shoot your horses, sheep and .stock, leave open your gates, butt your trees with rails, spoiling your timber and lowering your fences. These curse and insult the farmer, defying him, using the most abusive and filthy language in so doing. If the farmer should go where the birds and game are offered for sale and take a half dczen of the birds taken from his farm and start away with them, he would not go far before a policeman would have him in charge, and he would be taken be fore the proper officer, and with a short trial, he would be sent to the work house for thirty days, and for a second offence he would be sent to prison for six months or a year. If the farmer should follow up and commence suit against these parties after they ha~~e pillaged on his" premises, They -will be fined a small sum, To this third class also belong the coon hunters who make night hideous with the howling of their hounds and the barking in consequence of all the dogs in the neighborhood added to their own yells. They cut the coon tree, taking no care of how much valuable timber they injure in felling it; set fire to your woods with their torches, and the farmer's fences, cord wood and cut timber awaiting being hauled to the mill, are consumed, and the farmer is fortunate, in a dry season if the fire does not run in the night and burn his hay and straw stacks, his buildings and himself and family. Gleanings from Exchanges. The total wealth of this country in 1880 was $43,042,000,000; in 1893,102,600,000,000; money in circulation in 1880, $973,382,228; in 1890, $1,429,251,270. Interest bearing debt in 1880, $1,723,993,100; in 1890 only $725,31.'., 140; national bank capital in 1880, $463,000,000; in 1890, $667,250,000; savings bank deposits in 1880, $891,901,141; in 1890, $1,654,826,142; total value of manufactures in 1880, $2,711,579,999; in 1890, $4,860,285,837; total value farm products in 1880, $3,475,- 000,000; in 1890, $4,500,000,000; miles of railroad in 1880, 92,296; In 1890, 166,702 miles. Having called to notice some of the evils resulting from hunters' visits on the farm, a few questions will now be presented. 1. What claim has the farmer upon birds and game? He protects, shelters and feeds them. How? He protects and shelters them by keeping his farm advertised, and by paying taxes on his property. He feeds them by raising crops, of which they have a share, and by putting out food for them in winter. 2. Of what use are these to the farmer? They add a pleasing feature to his property. They are a food. The birds protect his crops from ravages of insects, which tend to destroy them. 3. What harm does the farmer in particular and the community in general sustain from their destruction? Harm to the farmer.—lst. The depriving him of game on his premises is a food Joss and a pecuniary loss; a food loss to his own and hired hands' families, and a financial loss, as he is deprived of their market value. 2d. His stock is frightened, shot or killed, and himself and men are liable to injury from hunters. 3d. Gates are left open, fences torn down, stock strays off, incurring loss of crops, time, damage, and pound fees, if not total of strayed stock. 4th. Hunters frequently class domestic fowls as fame, together with corn, nuts, fruit—ir general, anything they can carry off. In the nut and coon hunting the farmers' timber is destroyed, and he liable to serious destruction by fires. 6th. It disturbs the farmer's peace; he is insulting when exercising the right of protecting his property, and he cannot leave his premises with any security upon the Sabbath. Tho harm to the community in general may be summed upas follows: The loss of insect destroyers makes the crops short, causing a partial famine, raising the price of food products. This discourages a worthy class of people upon whom the public at large are dependent for food products. It is public evil, as it fosters a disregard for the rights of others; it, in a measure, protects stealing; a bad example is set* for the youtn in the country; it encourages the breaking of the Sabbath, owing to the distance of public officers. These questions arise for our consideration: Do our present laws establish justice with judgment? Do not our present laws protect hunters at the expense of the farmer? Should not the hunter be as severely punished for taking the farmer's quails as the farmer would be did he take a half dozen of the same shot on his farm from where they were offered for sale? What shall we do to amend evils and establish justice? . » s> ■> Joseph RauEcr, of Ft. Wayne, despondent over inability to obtain emplyment, committed suicide by shooting himself through the head. A few years ago he owned a fine farm in Allen county, which he sold and squandered the proceeds In dissipation, Brighter Outlook.—While the farmer has suffered during the past year, he has suffered less than any other class of men in the community and should therefore take a roseate and hopeful view of the situation. It would not surprise us in the least to see next year one of the*-most prosperous years that the farmer has ever enjoyed. There is likely to be no glut from old stores, unless it be perhaps in wool, of any product of his farm. Heavy exports and heavy feeding together with the short crop are fast cleaning up his granaries and there is likely to be no surplus of wheat, corn or oats, and with a short supply of hogs and a decreasing supply of cattle, the outlook, except for the I" lack of confidence, which is fast being restored, really seems better than it has for a number of years past.—The Homestead. Y., before the Pennsylvania Station he shows how farmers have been cheated. In one case the fertilizer sold throughout New EDgland at a high price was nothing but pulverized rock, which had lain for years at the mouth of an abandoned gold mine in New Hampshire. It was worthless as a fertilizer. Another commercial manure, sold as Mason's high grade for $30 per ton, was by analysis shown to be worth only $1 35 per ton. In Georgia the State analysis of fertilizers has saved the planters of that State $1,500,000 in a single year, that being the increased value of the fertilizer bought after it had to be analyzed, as compared with the fertilizer furnished previously.—American Cultivator. Oorn vs. Butter.—Mr. M. L. Brooks, of Cavendish, Mo., told me that he and a neighbor went to town with their produce. The neighbor had 40 bushels of corn and sold it for 22 cents a bushel. This was a big load. Mr. Brooks took to town in his light wagon less than the weight of one bushel of eorn and got more money for it. He took butter. Don't you think he gets much more net out of his corn than the other man; and with good management, the fodder brings in nearly as much as the corn? The butter was sold for 22 cents a pound. He gets that the year round. Butter brings as much per pound as corn does per bushel of 56 pounds of shelled grain. Just think of it! And the butter practically takes nothing from the farm in the way of plant food. A ton of corn takes off what you could not buy back In fertilizers for less than about $6.—T. B. Terry, in Practical Parmer. Harrows.—Of the various implements now used, there are two kinds—those which run under the top soil and loosen it up, and those which cut or press downward. The first Bucceed best by producing loose and mellow ground, as the spring-tooth harrow; and the others are most efficient on stubble ground and such as has been rendered mellow by plowing. Therefore the farmer whose land is sandy or otherwise easily loosened or rendered friable, may procure for his work such harrows as the Acme, the smoothing implement and the "weeder," which operate by cutting down as they pass; and the disc harrow and cutaway, which both cuts down and raises the soil. The owner of a hard soil, or one which is filled with an abundance of small cobblestones, or coarse grave), will find the harrows which have the lifting character best suited to his purpose, such as all the spring-tooth implements, and the Acme when set to cut deep, and the gang-plows when used as harrows.—Country Gentleman. The Farmer's Work.—It is the business —we may say the fate—of all to work. We can not escape that. Some work by their hands and some by their heads, and the latter work is many times more valuable than the farmer's. Hand work on the farm is the least of the labor. It is of little labor without the brain work to gui'.e the hand with skill to succeed. Those farmers who are working with their heads are making no complaint, and whatever is heard of this kind comes from the handworkers, and only from the least skillful of these. What is wanted on the farm is contentment with the good things we enjoy, enterprise to improve the work, perseverance to carry it through, economy to make everything count, patience under little disappointments, and thankfulness for all the enjoyments we possess over and above the generation which has gone before, and whose labor made for us what we now have.—Henry Stewart, ln N. Y, Times. Some of the Fertilizers.—Thanks to ex perimental stations and frequent analysiri of all brands of fertilizers put npon the market. . Worthless preparations do not find the market they once did. Farmers can now in most States buy fertilizers with guaranteed analysis, and hope to find it worth all It is represented to be. In the address of Pr. Peter Collier, of Geneva, N, Fewer Acres in Wheat.—The excessive sowing of wheat on large tracts with small yields has, we believe run its natural course. The wheat sower in the future must sow fewer acres and getlarge enough yield to give him some profit, however low the price. But when this time comes the price of wheat must advance to a point where it will pay to increase the permanent fertility of the soil. It will be slow work to retrace the steps by which much of our cultivated land has been depleted of its fertility. But with the use of clover and the combination of wheat growing with other crops and the keeping of a greater amount of stock this change can be made. But it can only be by an improvement in the character of stock so that its keeping will be more than paid for, leaving the manure pile as the profit. , The improvement of the character of farm stock meets us as the first necessity in any discussion of the means to secure better farming.—American Farmer. Rape as a Forage Crop. We have before alluded to the value of rape as a farm and forage crop, and have been asked to give a little mere extended information concerning it. The best variety to grow in this country is the dwarf Essex. This is a strong growing sort, producing very broad leaves, which soon cover the field with a mass of vegetation. From one to two pounds is sown an acre, broadcast or in drills, and is cultivated as corn or turnips. The seed can be sown quite late in the season, although the best results come from moderately early sowing, say June or July. The growth covers the soil from one to three feet deep, and nearly all stock will feed upon it. Sheep will fatten upon rape alone. Swine will make flesh rapidly if fed some grain in connection with it. Milk cows will feed upon it, and so hold up to a full How of milk later in the season than by almost any other metnod of pasturing. Wherever it can be grown farmers will find a small field of it profitable.—E~f. |
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