V
GardeJl
vol XXI.
INDIANAPOLIS, IND., SATURDAY, APRIL'3,1886.
NO. 14
"FEED AND GLUTEN."
By-Products in the  Manufacture of Starch.
BY W. A. FANKBONER.
[Note: This paper was prepared by the "Purdue
Scientific Society," but lt merits a wider hearing.
Several Investigations lo agricultural chemistry,
con 'uoted at Purdue University will probably be
f>nbllahed ln pamphlet format some time during
he spring, for general distribution. AU persons
desiring to receive copies of lt are requested to
send their names with address, by postal, to Robt.
B. Warder, State Chemist, Lafayette, Ind.]
In the manufacture of starch from corn
the essential steps in the process are as
follows:
1. The shelled oorn Is steeped in water.
2. The grain while wet is groand between millstones.
3. The ground material Is passed through
a bolting device whereby the coarse hull
or bran is separated from the finer parts.
4. The finer parts are mixed with the
proper amonnt of water and are allowed
to flow over long slightly inclined troughs
er tables. The starch settles to the bottom
and a milky colored mass floats off.
The hull or bran from the third step Is
the so-called "feed." It is the hull of the
grain with a small proportion of adjacent
pa ts. The milky colored mass of the
fourth step is the "gluten." It contains a
much greater percentage of water than the
"feed" and also varies In other respects,
as is shown by the following table.
RESULTS OF ANALYSIS.
fl
a,"
0
it?
«-.
o
a
n
—
a
*a
i
3
|S
T.
a
is
0
Feed -	
fri.36
n.65
34.56
0.01
1:53.1
13 cts
Gluten 	
86.89
3.67
9.66
0.17
1:2.46
Wets
11.29
10.50
76.93
1.28
1:7.82
81 Cts
Timothy hay ....
13.50
6.2C
76.40
3.9
1:12.32 75 cts
Olover hay- _.
14. SO
I1.ro
68.30
6.40
1:6.21 60 cts
Whe*t bran	
10.9-
16.28
f7.22
5.59  1:4.19171 cts
The analysis of "feed" and "gluten"
were made in tbe laboratory of Purdue
University. Those of corn and hay are
averages from Armsby's "Manual of Cattle
Feeding," and the analysis of bran is from
the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. .
The object ef our investigation was to
find the value of these by-products as
flesh producers.
The animal body is a complex thing bnt
its principal constituents are water, albuminoids or protein; fata and carbohydrates. The albuminoids are found mostly in muscular tissue and are similar in
chemical constitution to the white of an
egg, which is almost pure albumen; the
gelatinons substance in pig's feet jelly is a
typical albuminoid. Tbe fata are well
known—lard in pork, tallow in beef, etc.
The carbohydrates include the sugar. All
of these are supplied by digestible foods.
The moisture which a food may contain is
of no special money value since water is
bountifully supplied by nature. The albuminoids are the most valuable of all
nutrients. Those of the body are produced
only from those of the food. Fat may be
produced by more than one sort of nutrient; even albuminoids may be changed by
the digestive process, into fats; bnt the
albuminoids of the body contain nitrogen
and therefore cannot be produced from
other nutrients, which contain no nitrogen.
Then that this essential part of the animal
tissues  may be   furnished in   the proper
living proportions, enough mast be furnished with the food. Under the third
heading of our table Is included starch,
fibre or cellulose and probably small
quantities of fat. They are not entirely
indigestible, but are of less importance as
nutrients. The ash includes the mineral
constituents.
In order that the comparative value of
different foods may be known, there must
be some basis of comparison. We use as
this basis a ratio between the digestible
percentage of the different nutrients of a
food, known as the "nutritive ratio." For
our purpose we have approximated this
ratio by dividing the starch fibre, etc. by
the albuminoids. This shows (see table)
in the "feed" one part of albuminoids
to 53 parts of the less valuable starch fibre,
etc. It is very plain that this material is a
poor flesh-producer. The "gluten" shows
1 part of albuminoid to 2 46 parts of starch
fiber, eto.
At the American Starch Works, at Columbus, Indiana, the "feed" sells for 15
cts. per 100 lbs.; the "gluten," 10 cts. per
bbl. of 50 gallons. Counting 8 lbs. to the
gallon and deducting the percentage of
water and ash, we find that the dry matter
costs in the "feed" 43 eta. per 100 lbs., in
tbe "gluten" 20 cts. per 100 lbs. Thus it
appears that tbe better of these by-products
sells at the lower price. Comparing all these
figures with those for similar determinations on other fodders we have a comparison as to approximate nutritive value and
also as to cost, reckoning corn at 40 cts.
per bu., timothy hay at f 12 per ton, clover
hay at $10 per ton, wheat bran at 60 cts.
per 100 lbs.
From the standpoint of chemical constitution the "feed" is the poorest fodder
in our table and "gluten" is the best.
The latter bsing worth three times as
much as the corn itself. But what is
shown in a chemical analysis cannot always be realized in practice. The object
of such work ls only to indicate the value
of any substance as a flesh producer. The
real value of a food depends primarily on
its chemical constituents and secondarily
on its palatablllty and digestibility. These
latter must be determined by use.
Washington Letter.
From Our Regular Correspondent:
The condition of Secretary Manning
who was stricken with vertigo while ascending the stairs of the Treasury Department, is considered quite critical. The
affair has cast a kind of gloom over his department, and the people look for bulletins in regard to his condition every hour.
Mr. Manning is a very hard worker, and
his present prostration Is ascribed to intense application to his official duties.
"Such close confinement and hard work
as the Secretary has imposed upon himself," remarked a treasury official, "often
working until morning, was enough to
prostrate any man."
Owing to Mr. Manning's size and weight,
it was a difficult matter to remove him
from the treasury to his home. He was
placed in a chair and carried to the elevator. In lifting the chair from the elevator to carry him to the carriage, one of
the chair legs broke under the heavy
weight, and a fall was narrowly prevented.
In their efforts to support him the men
who were carrying him had their clothing
almost torn off of them, giving those who
saw him taken from the building the im-
ression that he was in a dying condition.
His friends are very apprehensive about
his ree )very, since his flashed face and
labored breathing indicate that his accident was of apoplectic origin.
The House of Representatives is now
trying to act upon some of the practical
questions of the day, while the Senate is
still discussing the question, "What are
public and private papers," and, "how to
get them."
The labar troubles throughout the country are occupying the attention of many
members of Congress. Representative
Weaver, of Iowa, thinks our present republican form of government cannot stand
much longer if the present state of affairs
continues. He says the^labor question
must be settled by legislation. There are
three great monopolies that oppress labor
—the railroads, the land and the brokerage monopolies. Congress can control the
railroad and public land matters, and can
correct the other by giving a sound currency.
A few mornings since the blind chaplain of the House made an opening prayer
tbat was attentively listened to and caused
quite a sensation among the members.
On motion of Mr. Butterworth of Ohio,
seconded by Mr. Weaver, of Iowa, it was
ordered to be printed in the Congressional
Record. He asked Ood to teach the peo -
pie of this conntry that money gained
otherwise than by the sweat of the face,
as the fair and honest wage of honorable,
manly work of brain or hand, is gained
by theft, no matter how we name the
stealing; that money is never converted
into wealth unless it csases to be the
panderer to our lusts, and lifts us above the
level of the animal, lighting us to the
graces of life, making us kindly with our
kind, and patient to Gad's laws. He
prayed that the land might be rid of all
gamesters, whether they gamble with
dice or cards or chips, wheat or stocks,
corn or cotton, and that we might be de
livered from robbers, who enticed their
victims to boards of trade, stock exchanges, and bucket shops, and who name
their practices of plunder "shearing the
lambs."
When the chaplain prays, the most devotional man of the floor of the House apparently, is Mr. Henderson of North Carolina, lie stands with closed eyes and upturned face, his hands raised in front of
him, palm to palm. He parta his fingers
and brings them together again as the
prayer progresses, keeping time, as it were
to the periods. Mr. Henderson is a ritualist, and with his smooth shaven face has
a clerical appearance himself. He comes
from a historical family of N. C. and is
one of the prominent lawyers of his State
The proposition to change inauguration
day from the 1th of March to the 13th of
April meets with approval from our lawmakers and is sure to be applauded by the
country. The day is steadily growing in
interest for the people. With each quadrennial it attracts to the Capitol a greater
crowd and obtains wider and more ceremonious observation. There are several
good reasons why Congress should transfer the occasion from the inclement month
of March to the last day of April. It
would add 60  days to  the  session,   thus
giving time for more and better legislation. It would give the benefit of balmy
weather to the celebration, and the Capitol
of the Nation, clothed In green and brilliant with color, could then be seen by
visitors at Its best.
(Setueral %t\m.
Arkansas has a State agricultural society
formed exclusively of colored men.
During last year over 20,000 people emigrated from Russian Poland to the United
States.
A prosperous colony of Jewish farmers
has been established in Barber county,
Kansas.
General Neal Dow, the veteran prohibitionist, celebrated his 82d birthday
Saturday by a family gathering.
Governor Stoneman has appointed
George Hearst United States senator from
California, vice John F. Miller, deceased.
A signal service station has been permanently located at Centralla, 111., which
will result in much benefit to fruit growers
and others.
A huge bald eagle undertook to carry an
eight-year old boy from the farm of Joseph
Davis, of Manheim, N. Y., but was foiled
by laborers.
Warner Brothers, the well known corset
manufacturers, have commenced tbe erection of a building in Bridgeport, Conn., to
cost $35,000, for the free use of tbe 1,000
girls employed In their factory.
Canadians are beginning to worry over
their loss of forests. In the more thickly
settled part of Ontario only 10 per cent of
woodland remains, and wells must now
be dug to the depth of 40 or 50 feet, where
formerly water oould be reached at six.
This is a thoroughly Friday year. It
came in on a Friday, will go out on a Friday, and will have 53 Fridays. There are
four months in the year that bave five
Fridays each; changes of the moon occur
five times on a Friday, and the longest
and shortest day of the year each falls on
a Friday.
While digging a three foot ditch on his
farm, five miles northeast of Mattoon, 111.,
Henry Niemyer discovered the remains of
a monster mastodon. He found a number
of teeth four inehes square, with the enamel in a perfect state of preservation, and
hard as quartz rock. The jaw bone was
decayed so that It crumbled when exposed
to the air.
A new enemy of the sheep has been discovered at Hartland, Waukesha county,
Wis. Mr. I. D. Goodwin found that a large
skunk had fastened Itself to the nose of
one of his flock and that another of the
flock had been bled until it sunk to the
floor. That a skunk should thus attack a
flock of sheep is certainly an unheard of
occurrence.
March 23, ties were placed on the Michigan Central track, near Galesburg, Mich.,
bnt the obstruction was discovered in time
to prevent serious damage. Henry Seymour was arrested, and confessed the
crime. He was arraigned in court, pleaded
guilty, and was sentenced to 20 years in
the- State penitentiary, within 40 hours
after committing the act.