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GARDES; w VOL. XXI. INDIANAPOLIS, IND., SATURDAY, FEB. 20,1886. NO, 8 FIELD EXPERIMENTS AT PURDUE IMVERSITT. Ri-hiiH.s of Previous Manuring on the Corn Crop of 1885. BY PROF. W. C. LATTA. No..2. The immediate return in the increased yield of manured crops is frequently, and perhaps generally, not enough to repay the cost of using the manure. Every farmer is therefore interested to know how long the effects of a given fertilizer will last, and whether the aggregate increase—of two, three or more years—will be sufficient to return a net profit. Without attempting a solution of this problem, I desire to throw a little light on the subject by submitting some results obtained at the college last season. Two series of plats have produced corn continuously for six years, beginning with 1880 . The lirst series of plats received various kinds of fertilizers four years in succession beginning with 1881. No fertilizer was applied to this series in years 1880 and 1886. The second series of plats received no fertilizer at all, and therefore, affords a fair basis of comparison. The two series of plats were in juxtaposition in uniform ground, and with the exception of the fertilizers, were alike. The accompanying diagrams will show the proportionate size of the two series of plats and their relation to each other. First series—fertilized. i Second series—not fertilize*!, The plats of the first series contained exactly 8 square rods each, and those of the second series just 2 square rods each. The yields have been calculated with great care to the acre in every case. We call attention to the following averages of these plats: Bu. corn Average of tirst series In 1880, without fertilizer 88.71 Average of first series iu 1881,1882,1883,1884, with f.rtiliz»r» '51.84 Average of tirst series in 178",, without fertilizers _ 61.20 Average of second series ln 1885, without fertilizers 40.42 Average difference between lst and 2d series In 1885 .....'. 10.78 It will be observed that the fertilizers net only considerably increased the yield during the four years they were applied, but that they also increased the crop of 1885 10"4 bushels per acre. In truth the beneficial effect o.f the repeated applications of fertilizers was probably greater than the figures indicated, for the reason that the two serie_ of plats were in actual contact and the oorn on the second series must have derived some food from the adjacent fertilized plats. It may be well to remark here that the above results can only be considered as approximate, because the two series differed in size and in exposure. Attention is now called to another series in which the fertilized plats alternated with those not fertilized. Theexperiment was begun in the spring of 1883 and will be continued as long as any considerable differences in yields of plats are shown. The fertilizers being tested in this experiment are barn manure, gas lime anu superphosphate. In order to show the care exercised to check variations in soil, an accurate diagram of the plats is given. Third series. I|T 3 3 - *-* SO '_. 0 ? ° B !TTi M|-#|Mt| *]o\_ sis b The plats are all of one size and contain exactly 1-16 Of an acre each. The fertilizers were applied in 1883 and in 1884 at the following rates per acre: AMOUNTS OF FERTILIZERS USED. Fertilizers. Nos. 1, 7,13'Uas lime. Nos. 3, -, 15 Superphosphate Nos. 5 11.17:Barn manure. Amounts used per acre. 1883. 200 lbs. ■Mi lbs. 40 loads. 1881. 800 lbs. ilOO lbs. 21 loads. phosphate increased the proportion of good oorn over 3 ■'_. per cent, and the barn manure over 10 per cent. The low per centages of good earn are due to planting a late variety in 1883, which did not mature well. The per cent f good corn was much higher in the other two years. FIRST AND THIRD SERIES COMPARED. The commercial fertilizers of the first series produced a greater increase in yield of corn than those of the third series. We should naturally expect this, because in the former instance, the fertilizers were applied four years successively, and in the latter bnt two. At first sight it would seem that the effect of the fertilizers in both first and third series continued without perceptible decrease in 1885. The plats not fertilized at all, however, also show an increased yield. The favorable season of 1885 is doubtless the prime cause of the good yields of that year. Comparing the barn manure and superphosphate, we find that the former has produced much the greater increase. The superphosphate has, however, thus far more nearly repaid its cost than has the barn manure. But we must wait a year— and perhaps two or three—longer, before the final balance is obtained. The next article will give the results of experiments in the open field in "thick and thin" planting of corn. Lafayette, Ind., Feb. 9,1886. No fertilizers were used on this series of plats in 1885. The average yields of the groups of plats for each of the three years are given in the table. AVERAGE YIELDS OF OORN IN BUSHELS PER ACRE. Avl-rsge of gas lime plats Average of superphosphate plats. Average of barn manure plats Average of plats not manor«-d 18SI | 1884 | 1885 44.05 38._3 -.i.36, 40 5..B6 53.,8] 48.36! 39.97 45.03 44.20 03.69 42.66 To bring out more clearly the effect of of the fertilizers on the yields of corn, I give below tho average yearly increase, and the aggreate increase produced by each fertilizer. INCREASE FROM USING FERTILIZERS. Average Aggregate of yearly, bu. 3 years, bu. (las lime —1.19 —3.57 Superphosphate » 2.47 7.41 Barn manure 14.41 43.23 The gas lime reduced the yield indicated be thy minus sign; the superphosphate produced a moderate increase, and the barn manure a considerable increase. The effect _of these fertilizers on the quality of the corn will be fairly indicated liy the per centages of sound merchantable corn, as compared with the total yield of corn. The following figures give the averages for the three years: Oas lime produced ......72.71 per ceat good corn -Superphosphate produced—76.41 per cent good corn Barn manure produced ..... 82.97 per cent good corn Plats not fertilised produced7_,.81 per cent good corn It appears that the gas lime was practically without effect, while the snper- Washington Letter. From onr regular correspondent: All over the city flags are at half mast again. They droop this time for Gen. Hancock. Death has made havoc with official receptions of late. Three times within the last month the social program of the Administration circle has been thwarted, invitations recalled, and entertainments postponed in consequence of death. The Woman S'lffragists are marshaling their forces preparatory to swooping down on Washington again next Wednesday for the 18th annual time. Miss Susan Anthony has been here for some weeks perfecting arrangements for this convention, which will be attended by distinguished advocates of female suffrage from all parts of the country. Miss Anthony is as energetic as ever in her work, and is as sanguine of the final success of the cause as when she first began to struggle for it 50 years ago. The principal object of this association from its organization has been to secure to the women of the several States and Territories, national protection in the citizen's right to vote, through a 16th amendment to the constitution. They say they do not expect to get the amendment this Congress, but they will get the matter discussed, and in a few years they expect to get what they want. "What we are after now," said Miss Anthony, "is simply a discussion of the subject.' The more it is discussed, the more popular it will become. We know," continued she, "who our enemies in Congress are and how many. We do not expect to convert them, but as they drop out they will be replaced by men of more advanced views on all the great issues of the age, including woman suffrage." She agrees with the opinion recently expressed by Senator Edmunds that the majority of women of the United States do not want to vote. She accounts for this on the ground that it is something new, and that many women of conventional ideas are opposed to anything new nntil they have studied the question. The advocates of woman suffrage claim to have made great progress in senatorial favor. They hold that 26 senators are in favor of giving women the ballot. They cite instances to prove that this number have declared themselves openly as their supporters, while they say they cannot tell how many silent friends they may have in the upper House. A senator asked Miss Anthony how the women expected to do anything with Congress until they had carried the school districts. She told him they could not reach the school districts exoept through the speeches made ln the Senate. "What we want," said she, "is to get a vote in the Senate, and to send the speeches all over the country." She thinks the speech made In favor of female enfranchisement last Congress by Senator Palmer did a wonderful amount of good. Senator Palmer of Michigan, is called the philosophical millionlare. He utters epigrams on life. He lives in one of the most elegant houses in Washington, but be says his greatest difficulty is in keeping up his illusions, and that there is no possible chance for any man to be happy without them. s» mi • Free Seed Testing. Editors Indiana Farmer: The authorities of Purdue University have equipped a seed-testing laboratory, and are prepared to make a limited number of tests of seed corn for the farmers of the State, free of charge, under the following conditions: 1. Samples of suoh corn, only as the farmer expects to use forseed shall be sent for trial. 2 The number of kernels shall not be less than 25 in each case. Each package shall be properly labeled with the name of variety so as to be readily indentified, and sent by mail. . 3. A letter must accompany each package, giving the owner's name and address, and enclosing a 2 cent stamp for reply. All tests will be made in the order of their receipt at the University, and as soon as each test is completed the result will be sent to the owner. All packages and communications should be addressed to Prof. J. Troop, Purdue University, LaFayette, Ind. J. H. Smart, Pres. Editors Indiana Farmer: Spring will soon be here again and then we will be annoyed with our neighbors' stock running at large, as usual; the hogs rooting up the road side causing the ditches to be filled and unsightly weeds to take the place of the grass; the cows breaking into our fields, gardens, etc. Now please tell me what I can do with stock thus running at large—what is the law, anyway? Cevington. W. B. F. The county commissioners make the law for each county. It is in their power to permit to run at large or prohibit from doing so any kind of stock. Make your appeal to them. Sold Out. Editors Indiana Farmer: Please say to the readers of the Farmer that I have no more turkeys for sale. My advertisement in the Farmer brought me more sales and inquiries for turkeys than I could answer without having a clerk. Clinton Oo. Seth Strange.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1886, v. 21, no. 08 (Feb. 20) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA2108 |
Date of Original | 1886 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-03-01 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | GARDES; w VOL. XXI. INDIANAPOLIS, IND., SATURDAY, FEB. 20,1886. NO, 8 FIELD EXPERIMENTS AT PURDUE IMVERSITT. Ri-hiiH.s of Previous Manuring on the Corn Crop of 1885. BY PROF. W. C. LATTA. No..2. The immediate return in the increased yield of manured crops is frequently, and perhaps generally, not enough to repay the cost of using the manure. Every farmer is therefore interested to know how long the effects of a given fertilizer will last, and whether the aggregate increase—of two, three or more years—will be sufficient to return a net profit. Without attempting a solution of this problem, I desire to throw a little light on the subject by submitting some results obtained at the college last season. Two series of plats have produced corn continuously for six years, beginning with 1880 . The lirst series of plats received various kinds of fertilizers four years in succession beginning with 1881. No fertilizer was applied to this series in years 1880 and 1886. The second series of plats received no fertilizer at all, and therefore, affords a fair basis of comparison. The two series of plats were in juxtaposition in uniform ground, and with the exception of the fertilizers, were alike. The accompanying diagrams will show the proportionate size of the two series of plats and their relation to each other. First series—fertilized. i Second series—not fertilize*!, The plats of the first series contained exactly 8 square rods each, and those of the second series just 2 square rods each. The yields have been calculated with great care to the acre in every case. We call attention to the following averages of these plats: Bu. corn Average of tirst series In 1880, without fertilizer 88.71 Average of first series iu 1881,1882,1883,1884, with f.rtiliz»r» '51.84 Average of tirst series in 178",, without fertilizers _ 61.20 Average of second series ln 1885, without fertilizers 40.42 Average difference between lst and 2d series In 1885 .....'. 10.78 It will be observed that the fertilizers net only considerably increased the yield during the four years they were applied, but that they also increased the crop of 1885 10"4 bushels per acre. In truth the beneficial effect o.f the repeated applications of fertilizers was probably greater than the figures indicated, for the reason that the two serie_ of plats were in actual contact and the oorn on the second series must have derived some food from the adjacent fertilized plats. It may be well to remark here that the above results can only be considered as approximate, because the two series differed in size and in exposure. Attention is now called to another series in which the fertilized plats alternated with those not fertilized. Theexperiment was begun in the spring of 1883 and will be continued as long as any considerable differences in yields of plats are shown. The fertilizers being tested in this experiment are barn manure, gas lime anu superphosphate. In order to show the care exercised to check variations in soil, an accurate diagram of the plats is given. Third series. I|T 3 3 - *-* SO '_. 0 ? ° B !TTi M|-#|Mt| *]o\_ sis b The plats are all of one size and contain exactly 1-16 Of an acre each. The fertilizers were applied in 1883 and in 1884 at the following rates per acre: AMOUNTS OF FERTILIZERS USED. Fertilizers. Nos. 1, 7,13'Uas lime. Nos. 3, -, 15 Superphosphate Nos. 5 11.17:Barn manure. Amounts used per acre. 1883. 200 lbs. ■Mi lbs. 40 loads. 1881. 800 lbs. ilOO lbs. 21 loads. phosphate increased the proportion of good oorn over 3 ■'_. per cent, and the barn manure over 10 per cent. The low per centages of good earn are due to planting a late variety in 1883, which did not mature well. The per cent f good corn was much higher in the other two years. FIRST AND THIRD SERIES COMPARED. The commercial fertilizers of the first series produced a greater increase in yield of corn than those of the third series. We should naturally expect this, because in the former instance, the fertilizers were applied four years successively, and in the latter bnt two. At first sight it would seem that the effect of the fertilizers in both first and third series continued without perceptible decrease in 1885. The plats not fertilized at all, however, also show an increased yield. The favorable season of 1885 is doubtless the prime cause of the good yields of that year. Comparing the barn manure and superphosphate, we find that the former has produced much the greater increase. The superphosphate has, however, thus far more nearly repaid its cost than has the barn manure. But we must wait a year— and perhaps two or three—longer, before the final balance is obtained. The next article will give the results of experiments in the open field in "thick and thin" planting of corn. Lafayette, Ind., Feb. 9,1886. No fertilizers were used on this series of plats in 1885. The average yields of the groups of plats for each of the three years are given in the table. AVERAGE YIELDS OF OORN IN BUSHELS PER ACRE. Avl-rsge of gas lime plats Average of superphosphate plats. Average of barn manure plats Average of plats not manor«-d 18SI | 1884 | 1885 44.05 38._3 -.i.36, 40 5..B6 53.,8] 48.36! 39.97 45.03 44.20 03.69 42.66 To bring out more clearly the effect of of the fertilizers on the yields of corn, I give below tho average yearly increase, and the aggreate increase produced by each fertilizer. INCREASE FROM USING FERTILIZERS. Average Aggregate of yearly, bu. 3 years, bu. (las lime —1.19 —3.57 Superphosphate » 2.47 7.41 Barn manure 14.41 43.23 The gas lime reduced the yield indicated be thy minus sign; the superphosphate produced a moderate increase, and the barn manure a considerable increase. The effect _of these fertilizers on the quality of the corn will be fairly indicated liy the per centages of sound merchantable corn, as compared with the total yield of corn. The following figures give the averages for the three years: Oas lime produced ......72.71 per ceat good corn -Superphosphate produced—76.41 per cent good corn Barn manure produced ..... 82.97 per cent good corn Plats not fertilised produced7_,.81 per cent good corn It appears that the gas lime was practically without effect, while the snper- Washington Letter. From onr regular correspondent: All over the city flags are at half mast again. They droop this time for Gen. Hancock. Death has made havoc with official receptions of late. Three times within the last month the social program of the Administration circle has been thwarted, invitations recalled, and entertainments postponed in consequence of death. The Woman S'lffragists are marshaling their forces preparatory to swooping down on Washington again next Wednesday for the 18th annual time. Miss Susan Anthony has been here for some weeks perfecting arrangements for this convention, which will be attended by distinguished advocates of female suffrage from all parts of the country. Miss Anthony is as energetic as ever in her work, and is as sanguine of the final success of the cause as when she first began to struggle for it 50 years ago. The principal object of this association from its organization has been to secure to the women of the several States and Territories, national protection in the citizen's right to vote, through a 16th amendment to the constitution. They say they do not expect to get the amendment this Congress, but they will get the matter discussed, and in a few years they expect to get what they want. "What we are after now," said Miss Anthony, "is simply a discussion of the subject.' The more it is discussed, the more popular it will become. We know," continued she, "who our enemies in Congress are and how many. We do not expect to convert them, but as they drop out they will be replaced by men of more advanced views on all the great issues of the age, including woman suffrage." She agrees with the opinion recently expressed by Senator Edmunds that the majority of women of the United States do not want to vote. She accounts for this on the ground that it is something new, and that many women of conventional ideas are opposed to anything new nntil they have studied the question. The advocates of woman suffrage claim to have made great progress in senatorial favor. They hold that 26 senators are in favor of giving women the ballot. They cite instances to prove that this number have declared themselves openly as their supporters, while they say they cannot tell how many silent friends they may have in the upper House. A senator asked Miss Anthony how the women expected to do anything with Congress until they had carried the school districts. She told him they could not reach the school districts exoept through the speeches made ln the Senate. "What we want," said she, "is to get a vote in the Senate, and to send the speeches all over the country." She thinks the speech made In favor of female enfranchisement last Congress by Senator Palmer did a wonderful amount of good. Senator Palmer of Michigan, is called the philosophical millionlare. He utters epigrams on life. He lives in one of the most elegant houses in Washington, but be says his greatest difficulty is in keeping up his illusions, and that there is no possible chance for any man to be happy without them. s» mi • Free Seed Testing. Editors Indiana Farmer: The authorities of Purdue University have equipped a seed-testing laboratory, and are prepared to make a limited number of tests of seed corn for the farmers of the State, free of charge, under the following conditions: 1. Samples of suoh corn, only as the farmer expects to use forseed shall be sent for trial. 2 The number of kernels shall not be less than 25 in each case. Each package shall be properly labeled with the name of variety so as to be readily indentified, and sent by mail. . 3. A letter must accompany each package, giving the owner's name and address, and enclosing a 2 cent stamp for reply. All tests will be made in the order of their receipt at the University, and as soon as each test is completed the result will be sent to the owner. All packages and communications should be addressed to Prof. J. Troop, Purdue University, LaFayette, Ind. J. H. Smart, Pres. Editors Indiana Farmer: Spring will soon be here again and then we will be annoyed with our neighbors' stock running at large, as usual; the hogs rooting up the road side causing the ditches to be filled and unsightly weeds to take the place of the grass; the cows breaking into our fields, gardens, etc. Now please tell me what I can do with stock thus running at large—what is the law, anyway? Cevington. W. B. F. The county commissioners make the law for each county. It is in their power to permit to run at large or prohibit from doing so any kind of stock. Make your appeal to them. Sold Out. Editors Indiana Farmer: Please say to the readers of the Farmer that I have no more turkeys for sale. My advertisement in the Farmer brought me more sales and inquiries for turkeys than I could answer without having a clerk. Clinton Oo. Seth Strange. |
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