loL. XXIII.
INDIANAPOLIS, IND., SATURDAY, AUG. 11,1888.
NO. 32
WEATHER CROP BULLETIN
, ou Indiana Weather Service ln Oo-
operation with the Signal Service.
Indianapolis, August 4.
Ths rainfall daring the past week was
illv distributed and insufficient In quan-
,r, to be of much benefit to the remain-
_i crops, except in very few localities.
i tbe central portion of tha State,ln most
olities no rains fell at all, and at few the
nount was but small; from the extreme
dh and southeast portions and from
.ng the northern border gocd rainfalls
ere reported and these proved very ben-
_a»l, as corn at present neesds it, the soil
.ring become very dry. The tempera-
ire was exceedingly above the normal,
iring tbe week, high temperature pre-
iiled day and night and with much sun-
i;ne daily, the conditions of the weather
we not beneficial if not injurious to corn,
loti-toes, etc. The threshing of wheat and
a, is nearly, if not quite ended, and the
'-Id, apparently satisfactory. The corn
still in excellent condition, in spite of
■protracted dry weather of the pist few
•-to, and the farmers expect acropex-
ing tbe average of a number of years
H_o!8ne quality.
OBSERVERS REMARKS,
-unman—The past week has been rather
arm nd dry for corn and potatoes. The
sa^oats and hay crops have been se-
■rediii go6ct"co_ie__i(i6n*."Apples*'will be
wthalfa crop, other fruits are abun-
:^gpl Rainfall, 0.25 inch.
Veray—A'egetation is in the most ad-
«ced condition. Corn is in tassel; to-
wo growing rapidly; kitchen vegetables
|s In inch abundance, that the price is
f» beyond precedent; potatoes, however,
'fttheir own, selling from 75 cents to
dollar per bushel. Passing thunder-
pjrms have purified the air and copious
N revived vegetation in general, July
'■Mp. m. unusually -heavy rain fell to
kpth of 1.80 inches in 45 minutes. Rain-
■Uooinch.   	
Bitterville—The hay harvest is about
" and in good condition; the greater
-oaat of grain is threshed.' "Wild goose
Ma are all marketed in fine condition;
atyof summer apples of fine quality.
^Ml, 0.30 Inch.
Mount Vernon—Oat of the 10 townships
p°sey county seven are suffering for
""ol rain to make a full crop of corn.
-* wheat firm at 73 cents. Corn 50 cents.
^'«11,0.05 inch.
ffanklin-The ground is very dry and
^rain;   garden  stuff is drying  up.
■reshing is still going on.   No rain.
ii«nzy_Wheat   threghlng   l8   mostiy
•j8- Pasture is good.   Prospect for corn
""ever better.   Riinf__U0.53 inch.
^Jmour-The weather during the past
* aa-ibeen favorable  to  all growing
•?». Oats threshing in process;- yield
,Ve the average and q uality good.   Corn
; melons very promising;  the corn
j.wi" ba the best in ten  years.   Bar-
5 ra,ns'orn_) August 1, a large number
.'   of a r«e variety, fell here,  some of
1  '0Ur -^tes long. Rainfall 1.08 Inch.
"Mngton-The rains  on   the  28th
^j"*11 -°oal rains, covering very little
*eri e corn and melon crops are
*dSgifr°m Wantof raln and wU1 ** re*
,,I*6*-9 r»ln comes soon.   The heat
•ssult*    &Dd nmcli sickness, flax, etc.,
■•>«>•    ttetetrom- RalnfaU 0.98 inch.
Ly^^Pfinga-Splendid weather for
Tl,.8'    l to° dry *or corn and tobac-
"Wel
roads are very dusty. Peach
■ie. j. , WnB d°wn under their load;
Ul dl e P)ei»tllul.   Good rai»s occurred
^ndA      romhereon July 28tb>
p.:!l     August 1st.   Rainfall only 0X>3.
r i very i       e weatnerli' now favorable
'''*hL     8 Ji6ld 0)*corn;lrxlit is ™ry
«! Potatoes will not be as large
a crop  as the  earlier season  promised-
Rainfall, 0 60 inch.
, Dalphi—Present indications place the
corn crop at 10 per cent above an average;
oats crop full average, and potatoes promise a good yield.   R iinfall, 0.88 inch.
Princeton—Corn is looking fine, yet we
need a little more rain; most of the wheat
is threshed in this section. Rainfall, 1
inch.
Logansport—The very dry weather of
the preceding week, seriously affected the
corn crop, but the rain on Tuesday of this
week partially relieved the drouth; pas
tures,also, have been greatly benefitted by
tbe rain. Potatoes are a good crop. The
temperature has been unusnally high.
Rainfall, 0.76 Inch.
Farmland—Ssveral good rains fell this
week and corn and potatoes were beginning to need it. Very warm. Rainfall,
1.02 inch.
H. A. Huston,
Director Indiana Weather Service.
Per C. F. R. Wappenhans,
Signal Service Ass't.
Food, Feeding and Nutrition.
Without attempting to be too technical,
it is nevertheless requisite to present some
chemical or physiological views of food.
Unless the reader keeps these in mind he
will be very apt to err in practice when
special articles of low selling price are
placed on the market for sale. Inasmuch
' itsTtmye»iy•'■ttiweaMiig eosref ■•nrmers»
oflal, and the refuse of oil mills, starch
and sugar works, breweries, and seed-
cleaning houses, renders the obligation of
growing the greatest amount of food on
the farm a serious duty, as well as a great
advantage, it is of primary importance
that we &hould understand something of
the physicil structure'and chemical com -
position of the grasses, fodders, seeds and
roots grown on the farm. Until we form
some intelligible acquaintancs with the
charac&er of the plants grown on the farm,
and aro ablo to form definite ideas of their
food values at the different stages of their
growth, we shall be a long time in arriving at any .correct habits of economy in
feeding. Quality in food is a tremeadous
factor in economical fowling and of incalculable value in digestion. Farm
fodders and fesding are, in many localities, very much like the ccarse pork
and the cholera hogs we are condemning—
of low qua'ity, dangerous, and very unreliable in feeding value.
The composition of the plants growing
in our fields havo certain general principle, in common, Thoy all consist of the
following substances:
FOOD rBINCIP__ES. f FOOD FUNCTIONS
Fat. i Fat Formers.
Starch, sugar it gum,or \ Heat givers aud
Carbohydrate.. I   Digestion Aiels.
Cellulose,or Crude Fibre I
Nitrogenous Compounds.   Fle.hand Milk
Ash or M neral Ma,ter. Formers.
Bane Making.
' The sta^e of growth or the condition of
maturity of a plant, ma'erially affects its
feeling value.and hence It is tbat we meet
with such variations of experience among
practical men and also among some men
of science who use these feeiing substan-
ce i;' tto fame in name, but widely different in the amount and digestiblo condition of the nutriment which they contain.
The amount of natural moisture or water
of combination which a plant contains, is
an element of the greatest value in cost of
food and efficient digestion. While it is
quite true that water will neither make
flesh, fat, heat or bono.it is a powerful
solvent in the form of a plant juice, because plant roots take their food in solution, and the whole of tholr components
are grown and developed in solution, just
as human musclc,fat and bone are formed
from blood derived from food first reduced
to'fluid in the. organs of digestion, and
then by an elaborate preparation absorbed
into the blood. This agency of water in
food, or plant juice? or fluids, accounts for
the great digestibility of grss.03, green
fodder crops, roots and ensilage, and also
the relatively low rates of digestibility in
the over-ripe hay, clover, straws and corn
stalks grown for their seeds. Then there
is the other extreme of greenness or immaturity in plants cut and fed before maturity, or in the middle of their growing
period. In this condition they have an
excess of water, and their solids, weight
for weight, are much less efficient as nutrients, and moreover,are apt to scourand
cause diarrheal, especially to young stock
and to sucking* pigs, calves and lambs
whose dams feed on it.
In the over ripe or very dry fodder, and
in full ripe seeds we have a lower ratio of
digestibility, because the extension of the
growth period has formed too large a proportion of cellulose or crude fibre which
forms the cell or envelope of the true food.
The real food being locked up securely in
this integument forms a crust or shell,
and has been developed at the expense of
the other food. This, of course, is the
method of growing all wood, and when in
this condition much more nervous energy
is expended on digestion in the effort to
reduce the food, and less cin be taken out
of it, and the increased expenditure of
nerve power is a loss to the animal. The
function of the digestive organs is to reduce well grown tood and absorb the nutriment sapreparead, but not to waste energy on ill grown and coarse material
Among the articles which are in general
use as food, and as auxiliary substances,
the following may be given as the list of
pig foods grown on the farm or purchased
from other sources:
OREBN POODS.
Pasture Grasses,
Winter rye,
Winter Wheat,
Red Clover,
Orchard Grass,
Peas and Oits,
Southern Cow Pea,
Serradella,
Commoh Millet,
Hungarian Grass,
Lucerne or Alfalfa,    Italian Millet,
Alsike and Timothy, Scotch Tares,
Timothy and Broad Fodder or  Knsilage
Clover, Corn,
Sorghum.
cereal foods.
Wheat, Oits, Corn,
Rye, Birley, Peas,
Linseed, Beans, Buckwheat.
ROOTS.
Potatoes, Carrots,
Tankard Mangel,    ' Globe Mangel,
Cabbage, Sugar Beets,
Turnips, Parsnips.
refuse materials.
Bran, New   Process  Linseed
Middlings, Meal,
Shorts, Gluten Meal,
Skim-Milk,       Beet Root Palp,
Whey, Glucose Factory Meal,
Malt Combings, Brewers' Grains,
Coin Canners' Stalks and Cobs.
According to Mr. Coburn, the author of
"Swine Husbandry," he estimates from
feeding practice an average of about one
pound of pork from four to four and a
quarter pounds of grain and 15 pounds of
green clover. Worked out according to
our Ontario crops, we can calculate the
following returns from our acres:
Mr. Cobum's  Ontario   Pounels   Acre
Experience     Acre    of Grain   Fork   Ratio
BUShelS
Wheat 15
Barley...:. 35
Oats 40
Corn.... 40
Peas .25
Iliuhels
31
27
37
40
21
Yield
315 4
!_1 4
396 4*
560 4
215 4
8 0 IS
times the amountof fat contained in wheat
or barley, and nearly as much digeHlble
nitrogen. Peas have double ths nitrogenous matter of any of thetn. P<*ai and oits
mixed with bran would theref >re appear
to be our best mixture in Canada.—James
Choesman.
A Prosp3roua Year.
Editors Indiana Farmer:
I predicted last November that U13 year
of 1888 would be a very prod active year,
following the great drouth of 1887. My
predictions are being reallzjd. I think
now that this year ha-i been one of unparalleled growth. At the balcony window a grape vine already this »9ason has
climbed up twenty (measureJ) feet. A
catalpa tree set out this pa .t spring his
made growth of six feet. Tomato vines
will measure eight feet and this early
August. Fruit trees although laden with
heavier crops than for the past ten years,
have made enormous growth. A Klefer
pear set out in '86 has now 18 line specimens of fruit on it, and has made wood in
length four feet. Rispberries and blackberries after bearing a fine crop of fruit
have canes for 1889, that would be praised
if this was October. Strawberry vines set
out last fall, bearing half crop in List June
will not be more than well covered with
half bushel measure, and so on with all
vegetation, even the "weeds" are doing
"their level best."     .      . .
Purslaln and careless weeds, smartweed
and foxtail, grow as if this was to be
their prizs year. Leave them alone a week
and you .think you have been absent a
whole month, and I predict that when
September comes that weeds will hold un?
disputed sway in nine gardens out of ten,
and be as rank in growth as a Louisiana
Canebreak. And while this has been a
joarof great growth, it has been one of
the finest, and now promises tho largest
crop of corn, oats, apples, grapes, melons,
and all garden vegetables, we have had
for ten years. And with the time to fully
mature the fine growth already made we
will surely have a fine crop of fruit in
1889. B.vtes.
Rockville.
1,21*0
1,296
1,258
2,210
l,2fi0
Oreen Clover.. 6 tons 12,0 0
So far aa known at present we have no
table based on the experience either of
college work or farm practice which enable? us to deterinineclosely the exact value of these substances. No Englishman
or Canadian would for a moment accept
the ratio values assigned in this table to I
oats and peas.ifOats well grown have three |
Preservation of Eggs.
At the London Dairy and at tho Birmingham Fat Stock Show, during the last
two years, prizes have been offered for the
best preserved eggs, says an exchange.
These, as well as many private tests,
have shown that the lime-water system is,
all things considered, the best. A pound
of lime should b3 stirred with a gallon of
water, and the eggs, perfectly fresh, immersed therein in barrels or jars. This
excludf b air and any germs that might
clause mildew or mould, and prevents
vaporatlon, so tbat tho contents of the
egg are not reduced in bulk. It is important to have a considerable excess of lime
toreplaceany thatmayb come carbonated.
The vessels containing the eggs should be
kept in a cool, well ventilated place.
A very successful variation in the process consists in imbedding new-laid eggs,
warm from the nr st, in a thick paste of
lime and water. E/g. thus prepared, for
six months could hardly be distinguished
from those newly laid. The content* of
eggs evaporate rather rapidly through the
shell; and the object of the preserver must
be to prevent this evaporation, and at the
game time to allow for the expansion and
contraction of the natural air-space in the
egg due to chacgis of temperature. The
plan of coating the shells with wax or
melted paraffine fail** in the latter particular. Strong brine fails because • the contents of eggs preserved in it become much
reduced ih bulk.—American   Stockman.
The total output of esoal from Iowa mines
laat year was 3,864,490 tons.