HOW TO MAKE A FLOOD QATE.
Two Effective Devices.
lst     Premium,—Having     two       small
streams running    through our    farm, we
were troubled a great deal with different
devices   used   ns   flood   gates,   but  finally
solved the  problem  by  adopting just  two
styles that work all right and are    very
little  trouble  to  keep  in  good  condition.
The cheapest  anil  most  simple  of  these
was made by    placing a sill    above and
across the stream at the fence line.      Let
it be large or small.       Ballast or anchor
the ends  with  posts set deeply on each
side,    or  by  building  triangular pens of
small   logs   and   filling   them   with   stone.
Having such a sill in position, we excavate   up-stream   from        :______________=______;
this   a   few     feet,   so
anotber   sill   could   be
placed on a level with
the bed of the stream.
From    one     of   these
sills  to  the  other  we
spiked     split     timber,
like  short   fence   rails,
nnd     the   work     was
complete.    The    fence
line sill was set  from
two     to   three    .feet
clear   of   the   bed   of
the   stream,   and   this
gave the proper slope
for all  drift  wood  or
trash  to    pass    over.
There  was  no  trouble
about    drift    hanging
and    obstructing    the
gate    so    constructed,
and it also completely
prevented any kind of
stock from passing up
or   down.       Such     a
flood    gate  lasts    for
years and is    cheaply     =====
constructed.
The other style of a gate is more band-
some in appearance and does the work
well, but is some trouble to keep irr
working order and costs more to build. It
is made as follows: Place a mud-sill,
securely anchored at the ends, just level
with the surface of the water when the
stream is at its lowest. Make a gate,
about three feet in height, of sawed slats
one by three inches. Securely nail these
slats to two other slats, as long as the
gate is to be in width, and place these
slats so they will be on the down-stream
side  of   the   gate. The   gate  is   then
liiuged to the mud-sill, so it can be raised up perpendicularly, or it can fall flat
with the bed of the stream at tbe time of
high water. This style of a flood gate is
held up in position by a post on each side,
nbotrt two feet from the bottom, to hold
it up. These latches, when the water
gets up to them and drift is liable to
gather, open automatically by a float being attached to each of them. The
greatest trouble these flood gates give the
farmer is that after each big rain, when
the stream gets more than two feet high,
they drop down so that everything passes
over them, and have to be raised up by
hand in position and latched to the uptight posts. But they can't gather drift
and trash, and it is very little trouble
tn raise them up and secure the latches,
as they should be after each spell of high
water.
Of the two flood gates described we can
fH'ominenii either as very complete, but
think  the first one  the  most simple  and
lnn-st adopted to the wants of the farmer,
because or its simplicity and cheapness of
construction. \V.   A.   G.
A Swinging Gat*.
2d Premium.—The use of flood gates is
to turn stock. Therefore when constructing a gate we should keep this in mind,
and fix the sides of gate so stock canaot
pass through. Also the gate should let
the overflow from the fields pass through,
with its driftwood, weeds, etc., aud not
take the gate with it, or let the cows in
your neighbor's corn field some day when
you and the boys lutve gone to town and
there is nobody at home to see after the
water gap.
Set posts, in line with the fence, securely on  each  side of ditch.       Make a  gate
The Bible Teaches the Unity of Qod.
Knllt.m  Indiana   Farmer:
' On the Bible questions I will say: The
Hebrew scriptures evidently teach the
unity of God. Though the plural form
is used in the account of the creation of
man it has the lingular sense and meaning
The plant form is the exception, while the
singular  form is  the  rule.
"Tlie Lord said, shall I hide from Abraham that thing which that I do." Gen.
1*:17. "By myself have I sworn, aaitfa
the l.oid." Cen. 22:10. I am the God of
Ahaham  thy   father."       Gen. 2(!:24.
The Trinitarian idea doea not help the
matter for trinitarians believe in one God,
not in three Gods. This one Qod—thia
Almighty   Qod*   created     all   things,     and
Alfalfa Fed  Hogs
Fresirm.  California.   Dairy  Farm
that will swing wide open and let the
water and drift go right through. The
gate may be made to hang at the top on a
pole, and should be made close, so no
water can pass through and no drift catch
in the gate. Then when the overflow
comes the gate will take the drift on
through the gap under the gate, and do
no damage to the gate or the fields. A
chute should be made by setting 3 posts
on each side of ditch and planking up
close, so the water will not wash the
banks, and so it will pass swiftly through.
If the stream or ditch is wide, a double
gate may be made, either like the one
mentioned above, or on the plan of a
fence, with the slats secured to the
scantling at the end next to the post, and
fastened to the post so it can have free
motion to swing open and let the drainage
paaa. Then it may be laid up after the
water goes down enough to permit one iu
the  stream . Reader.
Premiums of $1, 75 cents and 50 cents
are given for the best, second and third
best articles for the Experience Department eaeh week. Manuscript should be
sent direct to the Indiana Farmer Company, and should reach us one week before date of publication.
this includes tlie creation of num.
The holy scriptures teach the existence
of oik* God, and they do not teach Polytheism. J.   G.
Cass  Co.
Mixed Pasture.
Editor, Indiana Fanner
Much is said every year about mixed
pasture on the farm, so I will give my experience of last year. The last day of
June when we were laying by the corn, I
sowed my poorest field of corn to timothy.
When the ground was fresh plowed, and
in the last week in March, I sowed the
field to clover, and to day I have a nice
field of mixed pasture. Try it brother
Carmen, and if the weather is favorable
you will not regret it. J. J. H.
issued    on the
The weather summary
2iith, reports as follows:
"The temperature during the week just
Spokane Inter-State   Pair.
Editors Indiana Farmer:
Spokane will have a fair this fall which
will be the finest exposition of western resources ever held in this part of the country. These Spokane fairs have beeu
ii. progress for a number of years and
have beeu growing in importance and
siope. Last year, $14,000 was cleared and
this and large additional funds will be put
iu this year, making the fair better than
ever in its history. The official title is
the Spokane Interstate Fair, but it is
popularly known throughout the Pacific
Coast as the "Fruit Fair." It started in
1S:I1 :is a fair showing the trull resources
of the country and though it has been
greatly enlarged and extended, it still is
commonly known by that term.
—_——-_____= Fast year, the expenditures of the fair
amounted to $35,000.
This year, Mauager
itobt. H. Cosgrove
and his associates already have outlined
an expenditure of
$05,000, And instead
of being held for only
J one week, the exposition     will     last   this
year  from   September
24th to October 6th—
t wo weeks.
Special       attention
will be given this year
to fruit exhibits for
which purpose the
Spokane Chamber of
Commerce h:,s appropriated $2,500 to
be awarded as premiums for the counties
or districts making
the best exhibit of
fruit and grain so
===^=- prepared  that it    ean
be preserved indefinitely for permanent
exhibit in the chamber of commerce rooms.
The first prize will be $1,000. Numerous
counties are greatly interested in this and
are planning to make exhibits of their
very  lest  products.
The fair is also giving a great deal of
attention to live stock for which liberal
premiums are offered and has added this
year a poultry show in response to the
demand from many persons. Premiums
in the live stock department are $20 first;
$15 second and $10 third, for best individuals in Shorthorns with other premiums in proportion and a number of tempting specials. The premiums offered for
live stock have been increased from $2,-
400 last year to $6,200 this year. The
entire amount of premiums offered for
fruit is $5,150 this year as against $1,750
last   year. Storey  Buck.
1W0 BAD WEEDS.
The weeds sent us by G. McD., Mont-
ended was below normal in all sections of   ****** l",lntv* for name*   are the red S01"
Topics for future numbers:
No. 539. July 7. Show the value-of the
honey bee to the farmer.
No. 540, July 14.—Tell how to break
and train a colt.
No. 511, July 21.—Give good working
rules for putting in a system of under-
drainage.
the State, the1 deficiency at Indianapolis
averaging about 8 degrees per day. Both
the day and night temperatures were unseasonably coo!, but the decided departures from normal were generally due to
the abnormally cool nights, when temperatures ranged from 45 to 60 degrees. In
portions of Gibson and Steuben counties
the rainfall was somewhat excessive, making the ground too wet to plow. Thunderstorms occurred on the 19th, 20th, 22d and
23d. On the 23d considerable damage
was done locally in the southern section,
particularly in Gibson and Pike counties."
rel and the buckhorn: both are bad customers, and dilllcult to eradicate. Mr.
McD. says he finds the sorrel in his potato field. If he cultivates the potatoes
well he will kill it out there, but the
chnnces are that it will spread iuto the
pasture or meadow, and there it will take
hard work to destroy it. The quickest
and surest way will be to break up the
ground and put it in some cultivated crop.
If the patch is quite small it may be
smothered out by covering it a foot deep
with straw. The buckhorn should be
dug out with a spud, before it goes to
seed.