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RUNNING THE FARM DAIRY.
A Source of Much  Profit.
1st Premium.—Our experience iu farm
dairying proves to our satisfaction tbat it
is a profitable occupation; especially if
you are so situated as to get a good market for the dairy product and market it
yourself. We find it profitable to keep
as many good dairy cows as we can feed
trow tbe farm. Get a good strain of
Jerseys for butter, as butter is what pays
best if you are situated so far from town
as not to be able to sell the sweet milk
every day. Give them plenty of nutri-
tiius feed. Alfalfa, clover and ensilage
rank first for winter feed, but tliey do
very well on fodder, oat hay, red top,
etc., wilh a mixture of ground oats, corn
and shipstuff for grain feed. Give a little salt in feed every day, unless you
have compressed salt where they have free
access to it. Cotton seed or oil meal is
a great advantage to tbe dairy cow. It
i. not needed if alfalfa or clover hay is
fed, but should be fed where fodder or
other rough feed that is not very nutritious is used. Give plenty of good water
al all times. In summer the cows should
liave   free   access   to   it. Arrange   the
pastures so as to have plenty of, green
feed from the 15th of April, or 1st of
May, till frost kills the grass. Rye is
a great help for this. Sow early, not
later than August, and it will be ready to
posture when the grass is dead or too
short to furnish green feed, and will be
ready to turn iu on early in the spring
before the grass is high enough. It is
best to have a good .lluegrass sod to turn
on a half day, when the cows are on rye,
as rye alone gives the butter a peculiar
taste that some folks object to. Orchard
grass, timothy, clover, red top and blue
grass should be sown in the pasture fields.
This will afford pasture most of the season. Plant sugar com from early spring
till in July, so as to have the green fodder
to feed the cows when the hot weather is
drying the grass. It makes a splendid
feed that the cows relish.
Milk regularly, and milk the cows dry.
'live clean feed that is not mildewed.
Keep the stables clean and a good bed under the cows. Treat the cows with kindness, as any excitement or cruel treatment
makes them nervous and they will not give
as good a flow of milk as if treated kindly.
I'se a good hand separator to separate
the cream from milk. Keep the cream
in a cool place till enough has accumulated
io make a churning. Pour all together
and warm to about 68 or 70 degrees, and
let it ripen. Stir occasionally and churn
when it is "blinky." Do not let it stand
long enough to go to whey, as yon are
losing butter by doing so. Work all the
milk out of th» butter. Use a fine grade
of salt. Print iu one pound rolls, as soon
as the salt is worked in good. Keep in
a clean, cool place, and when ready to
market wrap in clean butter papers and
dtliver in a neat box or basket, and you
will have no trouble to sell it at 25c a
pound or more, the year around, according to the size of the town you sell in.
Sell all the sweet skim milk aud buttcr-
iDilk you can take, and make smearcase
i torn the sour skim milk, and you will be
surprised to see what a nice lot of pin
inoney you can make from what is sometimes wasted. Keep hogs enough on
the farm to eat the rest of the milk and
whey that you have no sale for, save all
'he manure and put it luick on the flarm,
•"»1 you are on a fair road to prosperity.
Parmer's Wife.
Money   in  Butter.
l-nl Premium.—Having had considerable
experience in the dairy business, and having kept a careful account of income aud
expenses, I can truly say that, in our locality, making butter pays. The market is a town of two thousand people, two
miles from the farm, aud we sell about
one hundred and twenty pounds of butter every week, nt 25 cents a pound, wiuter and summer.
From eighteen to twenty-one cows ure
milked, two-thirds of them being Herefords (the breed used on the farm) and
Ihe rest of some good milk breed. They
are kept in a comfortable stable in winter,
and their drinking water is slightly warmed. The feeil is clover and timothy hay,
coin fodder, bran, ground oats and corn,
ond some oil meal. An account is kept
of the cost of the kinds of feed used and
the quality and quantity of milk produced.
Each cow is fed all that she will digest,
and her milk tested frequently. If, with
good care, she does uot come up to the
standard, she is sold for beef. We find
it necessary to buy a good cow occasionally, in order to produce the same amount
of butter every week. We have fresh
cows every month in the year, and raise
tine calves iu the winter.
The mill; is laken from the stable
throngh a covered passage to the milk
room, which is built ofi concrete and furnished with a water tank, refrigerator
and drain pipe. It is warmed iu winter,
so the butter maker can work in comfort.
The cream is separated from the milk
(which is fed warm to the calves) and cooled to about 52 degrees and set away to
ripen. It is churned when slightly sour,
and tlie butter is packed iu stone jars
holding the amount each customer needs.
Great care must be taken, if first class
butter is made, and that is the kind people want. The milk room must be kept
sweet and clean, also everything that is
used. The butter must be made firm, as
soon as churned, by the use of ice, and
kept so till delivered. Half-melted butter is spoiled. The cows must not be
allowed to eat anything that will taint the
milk. If there is the least bad taste iu
the .butter, some nice old lady will find it
out, and you'll hear from it.
We use a gasoline engine to run tlie separator, churn, and butter-worker. The
cost of milk room aud engine was about
§300.
By making a fine grade of butter we
have no trouble iu competing with the
creamery product, seldom lose a customer,
and in fact could sell more butter if we
had it. The labor is lighter than that
generally done by men on the farm, and
the returns greater. If he knows his
business, aud is intelligent and careful a
man can make money running a farm
dairy. M. W.
Points of a Dairy Cow.
3d Premium.—Do we ever stop to think
of what we owe to the dairy cow? She
is the animal that furnishes the golden
butter that covers both sides of our bread,
and the whipped cream for our coffee, and
the heaping dishes of ice cream. This
behooves us to furnish her plenty of nutritious food and a warm stable well littered
with straw.
The productions of many farmers is
lessoned by continuous grain farming, and
by not -feeding the crops grown on the
farm while the farms need tlie manure.
We have interurban lines over which to
ship the cream aud milk to the factory
dealer,    and  ihis dnn>s away  with  a  Mrfa
amount of work iu retailing it, saves time
and brings a better profit. Under these
condition! the farmer can keep from 15 to
20 cows, and by shipping tlie milk only
once a day the ordinary farm force can
handle the milk without interfering with
tlit. .arming Interests. By experience I
have learned that it pays to ship only the
cream, and feed the skim milk to the
calves and pins on the farm. I find that
calves fed_on skim milk, in connection
with corn meal and flax seed meal, in a
year's time will equal those fled on whole
milk, while the cost of production is
about .'_*/o cents per pound less.
In selecting a dairy cow I look for dairy
points. She should be of any good dairy
breed, must have a deep body, large prominent eyes, thin on neck and shoulder, but
widening down; fV.re legs wide apart, fnll
chest, sharp back with ribs well sprung.
This is a fair indication of a good milker.
One can do much to increase the quality and flow of milk in feeding. I feed 5
to 8 pounds of mixed grain to each cow
per day, and all the clover hay and silage
she will clean up good. Clean milk is
produced by liaving well cleaned stables,
groomed cows, and well scalded utensils.
Sometimes while running on pasture the
milk becomes tainted with ragweed. I then
turn them to a fresh pasture, which never
fails to remedy it. Produce clean and
pure milk, and you will always command
a good trade. A  Reader.
Jackson Co.
Topics   for   future  numbers:
No. 533, May 2G.—Tell how and when to
fill the silo. What is the value of ensilage?
No. 684, June 2.—Tell how to use Port-
laud cement in making walks, floors, etc.
No. 535, June 9.—What do you believe
to be the best way to put up timothy
hay  for greatest value?
Premiums of $1, 75 cents and 50 cents
are given for the best, second and third
best articles for the Experience Department each week. Manuscript should be
sent direct to the Indiana Farmer Company, and should reach us one week before date of publication.
California all Right—Only   San Francisco
and Vicinity Affected by Earthquake
and That Recovering Rapidly.
Fresno, California, May 12, 1906.
l_illtors Indiana  Farmer:
As I am hearing and seeing daily, accounts which are being printed throughout
your country by sensational newspapers
of disasters which they intimate occurred
throughout the State of Califlornia, I think
it may be well to inform you that the
City of Fresno, in common with by far
the greater portion of the State, is absolutely unaffected by the disaster which
befell San Francisco and, to a limited ex-
tint, the smaller cities near the Bay.
There has been absolutely no damage
done here by the earthquake, in fact, the
damage done in San Francisco by the
earthquake was small compared with the
result of tlie terrible conflagration, which
was of course directly traceable to the
earthquakes breaking the water mains and
the electric light wires.
The writer had the pleasure of being
in San Francisco, in charge of the first
relief train to reach that city, and found
a marvelous condition of affairs existing;
great order prevailed and suffering and
destitution were relieved in an iucredibly
short time.
In   Oolden   (fate  Park,   where   125,000
rcAigees were camped the night after the
fire, relief conditions were so well in
hand that one week after the calamity,
only ti.OOO remained in the emergency
camps, 119,000 having been shipped tn)
marhy towns or distant homes. A similar condition existed in other refugee
camps.
The future of California was never
brighter than at present. While business
was practically suspended for a week because __t the necessity of sending immediate relief aud assistance to Sau Francisco,
the normal peace and health of the City
was more than maintained. In the majority ofl cases the modern structures were
undamaged by the earthquake, and San
Francisco has already begun to restore to
their origixtnl condition nearly all of the
steel  frame  buildings   which   were  burned
■ •Ut.
San Francisco, aside from the loss of
life, which is much smaller than the
papers have stated, being less than 300,
will be greatly benefited, and not only
that city, but the entire State. Plana
are practically matured for reconstruction
of San Francisco on a broader and more
artistic scale and the old wooden buildings
of pioneer days will be replaced by new
and modern structures, which will make
San Francisco the greatest city of our
country.
The sturdy manhood of California, de-
scendent from those pioneers who crossed
llie plains in 1850, is asserting itself in a
manner to command the admiration of the
world, by battling with this greatest disaster of modern times and taking hold of
the reconstruction of the city in such a
manner as to insure prosperity for all.
The action of the banks and insurance
companies is making available large
amounts of money for the reconstruction
of San Francisco. There will be over
two hundred millions of dollars spent in
reconstruction work. This money will
go to the artisans and skilled mechanics,
who iu turn will want food, clothing, garden truck and hay for their teams. This
will cause a great demand upon the farmers, and therefore all farm products will
find a ready cash market.
The future of California is brighter tban
ever before. No national calamity or
stringency of tlie money market can affect it as it will take at least ten years to
it build San Francisco, nnd during that
time the farmer will be one of the first to
benefit by the condition. This universal
condition, combined with the sunny skies
and mild climate of California, causes me
to invite you and your friends to come to
California at once.
We want men here—men of brains and
courage, who will profit by the greatest
opportunity the State has ever known.
There is room for you all. Most of the
ct wards have run away. The drone is
not wanted, but the young man with good,
rich blood iu his veins and courage in his
heart will find in California today a greater opportunity than existed even in the
"days of '49" in the "days of gold."
A. A. M.
An eagle swooped down and seized and
carried away a 10 pound carp that a fisherman had just landed on the bank of the
Kankakee river, near Glenwood, 111., one
day last week.
Lightning is beginning its destructive
.York already. A barn near Bluffton was
struck on the 4th and burned with con-
tints, except five horses, these were got
out safely.    Was the barn rodded?