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VOL. XXX. ■■■3 ,* N .•:-; INDIANAPOLIS, IND., MARCH 9, 1895. NO. 10. GOBN OULTUEEr "" Oub pbjze essays—[ rhe nnmber ol easayii published refer to the order of publication, and not to the awards. The committee -will not make the decision until all essays are published.] ' PRIZE ESSAY NO. 10. The cultivation of oorn depends to a considerable extent on the kind of soil and its preparation, as well as on the season. When the ground gets warm In early spring and Ib not wet nor too dry, plow to the depth of eight or ten inches, if the soil is that deep, but not deeper than the soil, especially In clay land. If the land Is rioh, well drained and has not been trampled lt will now break up loose and mellow, so one harrowing or dragging will be suffl dent to put the ground in the proper condition for p'anting, which should be done immediately, before the sun or beating rains make the ground hard. Mark the field. off both ways, three and a half feet apart. Plant three grains of oorn In each cross. By planting while the ground is fresh broken, moist and loose, the oorn will corns np ln four or five days and grow rapidly and get an even start with the weeds, which must be kept down. As soon as the corn gets high enough to be seen In the row, cultivation must commence. Plow with a small shovel plow or ~oultIvatSf ,'deap and a*j close to the corn as possible both ways, which will loosen the ground all around each hill. The ground must be kept loose and mellow so the air and water can penetrate to the roots. In a dry season the moisture can oome up from below and in a wet season the excess of * water can sink below and not drown the corn. The third and fourth cultivation the same as the first and second, except not so close to the corn. The ground should be stirred thoroughly between the rows. The fifth and last plowing is to ba done with a large plow so as to hill up the oorn slight ly. If the land is inclined to be wet, or if it is a very wet season, the last plowing can be done with a small turning plow to great advantage, hilling up the corn well so the water will drain from the hill. Shallow cultivation will keep the weeds down and will do very well if the soil is deep, loose and mellow, and continue so. Owen Co. PJ3JZE ESSAY Nt . 11. We are located in the northeast corner oounty of the State. We have a variety of soils here, bnt ours Is principally clay loam with clay subsoil. I prefer a olover sod that has been thoroughly drained by tile to plow for corn. If there is any manure to go on the corn ground haul it on as soon as the hay or cloverseed is off and spread It. Plow the ground in the spring as early ai the season will permit, about six or eight inohes deep. Abiut the first of May, if the weather will permit, thoroughly drag and pulverize the ground. I use a plank 14 feet long, three Inches thick and eight inches wide to finish before planting, a hole being bored in each end, with a chain attached. Then hitch the horses to the oenter of the chain then stand on the plank It will shove some dirt ln front of it and fill all h lies and pulverize the small clods. I prefer this plan to a roller, as I have used both. It leaves the ground in splendid condition for planting. Then mark cut both ways three feet and nine inches apart with a marker that makes four marks and a guide to follow back. We plant with hand planters, about one and one-half leches deep and from two to four kernels in a hill. In about a week or 10 days after planting drag with a sharp tooth drag 10 feet wide with a lsver to set the teeth slanting back. Straddle each row'. This will drag the ground over twioe and the horses do not tramp on the hills.- If the gronnd is hard so that one dragging does not cover the marks then drag cross ways. As soon as it is up so as to be seen .in rows cultivate with a two- horse cultivator abont three or three and one half inches deep the first and second time through. After that cultivate more shallow. The spring tooth cultivator is good, as it leaves the ground level, which is a good plan in a dry season. If there onr fathers plowed the ground, laid off and tended with the same plow, by turning the furrow away from the corn the first two plowings and turning the furrows to the corn the last two plowing?. It was not to be wondered that the virgin soil only yielded a scanty supply for the wants of the many. On I he other hand will the effects of good manuring or fertilizers make o o ti _i ii t "KlUW. 1)1; -^^-_-_-_-=-_if, ,.__. .*>Vn tlinoi ii iwuk* tm V *ii V '< **—'-' *' 1'>' ODB PBEMITJM MASON J_ HAMLIN OBGAN, TO HE GIVEN AWAY ATBIL 1, 1895. OF N W BBYANT * CO , INDIANAPOLIS PUBCHASBD comes a rain get in the corn field as soon as possible, with all the help at hand, as It is important to stir the ground after a rain as soon as it can be done, to prevent a orust forming and to aid in holding moisture. Cultivate as often as possible until wheat harvest. If a heavy rain oomes about that time cultivate both ways with a one horse cultivator then lay by. Steuben Co. PRIZE ESSAY NO. 12. The main thing in cultivating corn is to cultivate after rains as Boon as the ground is dry enough. Then it will hold moisture. One day makes quite a difference. If it does not rain and there's prospect for drouth, cultivate once a week. As soon as roots spread out cultivate shallow- After it is well up. horse high, I Blmply rub the ground with a wooden "concern," but it should be done just the right time, after rains, when the «oll pulverizes nicely. In a dry time I do the same about once a week. I know it prevents evaporation, Ripley Co. - ,PBIZE ESSAY NO 13, For the culture of corn different soil. re quire different treatment to obtain the best results, and the culture It would almost seem has reached perfection as compared with the culture of fifty years ago, when drilling. Experience has shown that on level land drilling has made the best yield, where the ground is not infested with foul seeds, snch as are found in prairie or bottom land, or in other words hill foul ground and drill olean ground. If ground is oloddy roll if loose and harrow as soon as oorn Is up. Take more pains in first plowing than all the rest, and don't fail to pull all weeds that stand in the hill where they can't be covered. A little weed will soon get to be a big weed. And don't let the time between plowings be so long as to allow the ground to get sad or pasked. "Plow deep while sluggards sleep, and you'll have oorn to sell and keep." Greene Co. a better showing tban on clay land. Ma- nure if hauled out In winter or early spring should in no case be scattered until ready to plow under, as the strength is lost to a great extent by exposure to rains, snows and freezing. Plowing, planting or culti vating when too wet Is an in j ary to the lard, and will tell its own story all through ths summer and perhaps for years to come. As a general thing there are more failures from too early plowing and planting than late planting. An old saying is "theearly bird gets the worm " This will not always do with corn raising. In short, wait until the ground is In good order and then push and keep on pushing until the crop is made. It is a fact well known to all practical farmers, that the longer the crop Is growing the sounder will be the corn, while late planted will in most cases be loose and of a chaffy nature, and will seldom ever weigh out with early planting. In this latitude for clay land from the 10th to the 20rh of May is plenty early. Sand loam, 1st to 10th. If ground is cloddy in plowing don't wait to finish plowing the field before harrowing, but harrow, drag, or roll each land as soon as done plowing, and so continue until done with the field and ready for planting; and to insure deep soil plow and onltirate deep. Various theories have been advanced for and against PBIZE ESSAY NO. 14. In a late "issue of your valuable paper you ask yourreaders for some botes on best mode of tending corn, and as my crop in this season of drouth, averaged more than 75 bushels per acre, your readers may relish some of my pet whims. In the first place good soil and good seed are indispensable requisites to a first class crop. The next step Is thorough and deep plowing, not less than seven, and eight or nine inches is better, and this rulo will apply to all the diversified soils of Indiana, frcm the Ohio river to the Wabash. Never work your land when you oan form a ball when rolled in the hand, by reason of moisture. I then harrow to a smooth seed bed, and then I use a drill made at Liberty, Ind , which furrows and plants two rows, same as check row planters, at a through, observing always to make a good, deep furrow. And right here, let me say, Is the rock that has wrecked millions ot bushels of corn, everywhere that corn Is raised; as positively everywhere, more corn will grow planted in a furrow than on the surface, by the sled runners process. As soon as I am done planting if my land is thoroughly dry, I roll it lf if damp, run over it with an A harrow, with front well weighted down, so the frame will crowd the brink of the furrow away from furrow. This may be done as well before the corn Is up as later. Then I take double plow cultivator, with the twisting shovel (I do not use boll tongues) next the corn, set to throw all the dirt possible away from the oorn. This would incline the plow to crowd into the row, if you did not set the outside shove 1 j to throw the dirt the other way. To balance It arrange the fende-s to keep outside shovels from covering up the oorn and let them in Ihe ground to the capacity of your team. Drive slow and plow close. After this I cultivate twice, then hack out such weeds as may remain, acd my crop Is tended. I would further eay if you wish to raise the best crop yonr land is capable of, the following rules are indispensable. 1st. Thorough and deep plowing. 21. If you live in Indiana and north of Indianapolis, plant Learning or Whitney's Hybrid oorn, if s3uth of Indianapolis and land Is thin, plant as above, but on good land a larger and later variety may ba preferable. 3d Drill your corn in a deep furrow, say four to five inches deep. Then tend as above or with little gang spring shovels and close to corn at first plowing. Grant Co. Chicago had fire last week in the street car stables in whioh 110 cars were burned. « m . At Hamiltion, Ont, Clara K. broke the world's Ice trotting record for the distance. She mad e five miles in 15:16 U. Removal of props in the ooal mines in the suburbs of Springfield, 111, have caused huge fissures to open and rendered a number of houses untenantable.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1895, v. 30, no. 10 (Mar. 9) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA3010 |
Date of Original | 1895 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-01-24 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | VOL. XXX. ■■■3 ,* N .•:-; INDIANAPOLIS, IND., MARCH 9, 1895. NO. 10. GOBN OULTUEEr "" Oub pbjze essays—[ rhe nnmber ol easayii published refer to the order of publication, and not to the awards. The committee -will not make the decision until all essays are published.] ' PRIZE ESSAY NO. 10. The cultivation of oorn depends to a considerable extent on the kind of soil and its preparation, as well as on the season. When the ground gets warm In early spring and Ib not wet nor too dry, plow to the depth of eight or ten inches, if the soil is that deep, but not deeper than the soil, especially In clay land. If the land Is rioh, well drained and has not been trampled lt will now break up loose and mellow, so one harrowing or dragging will be suffl dent to put the ground in the proper condition for p'anting, which should be done immediately, before the sun or beating rains make the ground hard. Mark the field. off both ways, three and a half feet apart. Plant three grains of oorn In each cross. By planting while the ground is fresh broken, moist and loose, the oorn will corns np ln four or five days and grow rapidly and get an even start with the weeds, which must be kept down. As soon as the corn gets high enough to be seen In the row, cultivation must commence. Plow with a small shovel plow or ~oultIvatSf ,'deap and a*j close to the corn as possible both ways, which will loosen the ground all around each hill. The ground must be kept loose and mellow so the air and water can penetrate to the roots. In a dry season the moisture can oome up from below and in a wet season the excess of * water can sink below and not drown the corn. The third and fourth cultivation the same as the first and second, except not so close to the corn. The ground should be stirred thoroughly between the rows. The fifth and last plowing is to ba done with a large plow so as to hill up the oorn slight ly. If the land is inclined to be wet, or if it is a very wet season, the last plowing can be done with a small turning plow to great advantage, hilling up the corn well so the water will drain from the hill. Shallow cultivation will keep the weeds down and will do very well if the soil is deep, loose and mellow, and continue so. Owen Co. PJ3JZE ESSAY Nt . 11. We are located in the northeast corner oounty of the State. We have a variety of soils here, bnt ours Is principally clay loam with clay subsoil. I prefer a olover sod that has been thoroughly drained by tile to plow for corn. If there is any manure to go on the corn ground haul it on as soon as the hay or cloverseed is off and spread It. Plow the ground in the spring as early ai the season will permit, about six or eight inohes deep. Abiut the first of May, if the weather will permit, thoroughly drag and pulverize the ground. I use a plank 14 feet long, three Inches thick and eight inches wide to finish before planting, a hole being bored in each end, with a chain attached. Then hitch the horses to the oenter of the chain then stand on the plank It will shove some dirt ln front of it and fill all h lies and pulverize the small clods. I prefer this plan to a roller, as I have used both. It leaves the ground in splendid condition for planting. Then mark cut both ways three feet and nine inches apart with a marker that makes four marks and a guide to follow back. We plant with hand planters, about one and one-half leches deep and from two to four kernels in a hill. In about a week or 10 days after planting drag with a sharp tooth drag 10 feet wide with a lsver to set the teeth slanting back. Straddle each row'. This will drag the ground over twioe and the horses do not tramp on the hills.- If the gronnd is hard so that one dragging does not cover the marks then drag cross ways. As soon as it is up so as to be seen .in rows cultivate with a two- horse cultivator abont three or three and one half inches deep the first and second time through. After that cultivate more shallow. The spring tooth cultivator is good, as it leaves the ground level, which is a good plan in a dry season. If there onr fathers plowed the ground, laid off and tended with the same plow, by turning the furrow away from the corn the first two plowings and turning the furrows to the corn the last two plowing?. It was not to be wondered that the virgin soil only yielded a scanty supply for the wants of the many. On I he other hand will the effects of good manuring or fertilizers make o o ti _i ii t "KlUW. 1)1; -^^-_-_-_-=-_if, ,.__. .*>Vn tlinoi ii iwuk* tm V *ii V '< **—'-' *' 1'>' ODB PBEMITJM MASON J_ HAMLIN OBGAN, TO HE GIVEN AWAY ATBIL 1, 1895. OF N W BBYANT * CO , INDIANAPOLIS PUBCHASBD comes a rain get in the corn field as soon as possible, with all the help at hand, as It is important to stir the ground after a rain as soon as it can be done, to prevent a orust forming and to aid in holding moisture. Cultivate as often as possible until wheat harvest. If a heavy rain oomes about that time cultivate both ways with a one horse cultivator then lay by. Steuben Co. PRIZE ESSAY NO. 12. The main thing in cultivating corn is to cultivate after rains as Boon as the ground is dry enough. Then it will hold moisture. One day makes quite a difference. If it does not rain and there's prospect for drouth, cultivate once a week. As soon as roots spread out cultivate shallow- After it is well up. horse high, I Blmply rub the ground with a wooden "concern," but it should be done just the right time, after rains, when the «oll pulverizes nicely. In a dry time I do the same about once a week. I know it prevents evaporation, Ripley Co. - ,PBIZE ESSAY NO 13, For the culture of corn different soil. re quire different treatment to obtain the best results, and the culture It would almost seem has reached perfection as compared with the culture of fifty years ago, when drilling. Experience has shown that on level land drilling has made the best yield, where the ground is not infested with foul seeds, snch as are found in prairie or bottom land, or in other words hill foul ground and drill olean ground. If ground is oloddy roll if loose and harrow as soon as oorn Is up. Take more pains in first plowing than all the rest, and don't fail to pull all weeds that stand in the hill where they can't be covered. A little weed will soon get to be a big weed. And don't let the time between plowings be so long as to allow the ground to get sad or pasked. "Plow deep while sluggards sleep, and you'll have oorn to sell and keep." Greene Co. a better showing tban on clay land. Ma- nure if hauled out In winter or early spring should in no case be scattered until ready to plow under, as the strength is lost to a great extent by exposure to rains, snows and freezing. Plowing, planting or culti vating when too wet Is an in j ary to the lard, and will tell its own story all through ths summer and perhaps for years to come. As a general thing there are more failures from too early plowing and planting than late planting. An old saying is "theearly bird gets the worm " This will not always do with corn raising. In short, wait until the ground is In good order and then push and keep on pushing until the crop is made. It is a fact well known to all practical farmers, that the longer the crop Is growing the sounder will be the corn, while late planted will in most cases be loose and of a chaffy nature, and will seldom ever weigh out with early planting. In this latitude for clay land from the 10th to the 20rh of May is plenty early. Sand loam, 1st to 10th. If ground is cloddy in plowing don't wait to finish plowing the field before harrowing, but harrow, drag, or roll each land as soon as done plowing, and so continue until done with the field and ready for planting; and to insure deep soil plow and onltirate deep. Various theories have been advanced for and against PBIZE ESSAY NO. 14. In a late "issue of your valuable paper you ask yourreaders for some botes on best mode of tending corn, and as my crop in this season of drouth, averaged more than 75 bushels per acre, your readers may relish some of my pet whims. In the first place good soil and good seed are indispensable requisites to a first class crop. The next step Is thorough and deep plowing, not less than seven, and eight or nine inches is better, and this rulo will apply to all the diversified soils of Indiana, frcm the Ohio river to the Wabash. Never work your land when you oan form a ball when rolled in the hand, by reason of moisture. I then harrow to a smooth seed bed, and then I use a drill made at Liberty, Ind , which furrows and plants two rows, same as check row planters, at a through, observing always to make a good, deep furrow. And right here, let me say, Is the rock that has wrecked millions ot bushels of corn, everywhere that corn Is raised; as positively everywhere, more corn will grow planted in a furrow than on the surface, by the sled runners process. As soon as I am done planting if my land is thoroughly dry, I roll it lf if damp, run over it with an A harrow, with front well weighted down, so the frame will crowd the brink of the furrow away from furrow. This may be done as well before the corn Is up as later. Then I take double plow cultivator, with the twisting shovel (I do not use boll tongues) next the corn, set to throw all the dirt possible away from the oorn. This would incline the plow to crowd into the row, if you did not set the outside shove 1 j to throw the dirt the other way. To balance It arrange the fende-s to keep outside shovels from covering up the oorn and let them in Ihe ground to the capacity of your team. Drive slow and plow close. After this I cultivate twice, then hack out such weeds as may remain, acd my crop Is tended. I would further eay if you wish to raise the best crop yonr land is capable of, the following rules are indispensable. 1st. Thorough and deep plowing. 21. If you live in Indiana and north of Indianapolis, plant Learning or Whitney's Hybrid oorn, if s3uth of Indianapolis and land Is thin, plant as above, but on good land a larger and later variety may ba preferable. 3d Drill your corn in a deep furrow, say four to five inches deep. Then tend as above or with little gang spring shovels and close to corn at first plowing. Grant Co. Chicago had fire last week in the street car stables in whioh 110 cars were burned. « m . At Hamiltion, Ont, Clara K. broke the world's Ice trotting record for the distance. She mad e five miles in 15:16 U. Removal of props in the ooal mines in the suburbs of Springfield, 111, have caused huge fissures to open and rendered a number of houses untenantable. |
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