INDIANA   FARMER.
Devoted to Agriculture,  Horticulture, Mechanics and the Useful Arts.
V.'.'WWV-JWWV^
D. P. Mo'Ioway,)
W. T. Dennis,   } Editors.
It.T. Reed,       )
RICHMOND, IND., DEC. 15.1853.
Holloway & Co., Publishers.
[Vol. 3 ffo. 6.]
Table  of Contents.
Page 82—Shoeing Horsas, Rules for Win ter.
"    83—Sawdust for Orchards, Groit Yield ofPotatoes
"     81—National (,'attle Convention.
"    85—California Agriculture, Culture of Chestnuts,
s Lice on Cows, Weevil. *
"    88—Fall Plowing, How to Rear Pigs.
"    87—Ground Nuts, Lead Water Pipes.
"    88 —Horse Racing, High price of Grain.
"    89—Virginia Craepsr, Fertility  of Prairie Land,
Ch3ap Paint.
"     90—Fertile Soil, Saving Clover Seed, Wool.
"     91—Curculio, Fraud in Fruit Trees, Dead Leaves,
Compost lor Corn.
"    92—The Cow   made   profitable—Angers  Quince,
Soap Plant.
"     93—Breeding Horse?, Book Farming, Cabbage.
"     9-1—Apples for Milch Cows, Winter Flax, Morgan
Stock.
"     95—Chloroform  to Bees, Filtering Water, Blackberry, Artificial Production of Fish.
"     95—Barnyard Manure, Moths, Doughnuts.
To Bake Apples.—The person who has eaten baked sweet apples with milk, needs no commendation of the article. For this purpose,
Tallman Sweetings are the best. But those
who have tart apples only, may secure a delicious dish by the following process: Pare them,
if thick skinned, cut out the largest portion of
the core from one end, and place the fruit on
well glazed earthern dishes or pans, with the
cored end upwards, and the cavity filled with
refined powdered sugar. Then bake them. All
we ask is a trial.
Age or Sheep How Determined.—The age
of sheep may be known by their front teeth.—
They are eight in number, and appe ir all of a
size. In the second year, the middle ones fall
out, and their place is supplied by two large
ones. In the third year a small tooth on each
side. In the fourth year the large teeth are
six in.number. In the fifth year the whole
front teeth are large. In the sixth year the
■whole begin to get worn. In the seventh
year the whole fall out or are broken. It is
said that the teeth of ewes begin to decay at
five or six; those of weathers at seven.
To Propogate Red Cedar and Spruce.—
The berries of the red cedar, when gathered,
must be buried in light earth. If sown the
same season they are gathered, they lie a whole
year in the ground before vegetating. The
spruce seed grows the first season. Dry the
cones until the seed comes out; sow early in
the spring, in a dry border of light soil or in
boxes; shade in the middle of the day, when the
plants are coming through the ground, and until they begin to make a second growth, when
they will be hard enough neither to burn or
.damp off easily.    So directs the Horticulturist.
Look well to your farming tools.   Keep them
undtr shelter.
Irrigation of Gardens.—From repeated experiments we are induced to draw the conclusion that next to manure, the great prime mover
in successful culture, there is nothing more important to vegetable growth in many cases than
irrigation. Practical gardeners regard it as indispensable, and a large share of their success
depends on copious watering.
Some interesting instances, which have recently occurred, may be worth stating. Two
rows of raspberries stand on ground in every respect alike, except that one receives the drippings from a wood-house, and the other does
not. The watered row is fully four times as
large in growth as the other. Again—the berries on the bushes of aFastolph and Franconia
raspberries were at least twice as large when
the soil was kept moistened, as afterwards when
allowed to become dry; a repetition ofthe watering again doubled their size. Again—a near
neighbor, who cultivates strawberries for market, and uses a water-cart for irrigating the
rows, raised at the rate of one hundred and
twenty bushels to the acre, on common good
soil by this means; and he noticed that where
the cart was left standing over night, so that
the water gradually dripped from it, for some
hours, upon a portion of the plants, tbe fruit
had grown to double the size of the rest in 24
hours. It should be observed that these advantages of a copious supply of water pertain
chiefly to small or annual plants. The roots of
fruit trees, being larger and deeper, are to be
supplied with moisture in a different way; that
is, by a deep, rich, mellow soil, kept moist by
cultivation, or by covering thickly with litter.
Water applied to the surface rarely descends
so low as the roots, and only hardens the soil
to a crust.—Albany Cultivator.
Preserving Posts.—The Agent ofthe Copperas Companies in Vermont, gives it as his
experience that timber which has been saturated with copperas, and exposed to all weather
for forty years, is perfectly sound and hard, and
has become something of the nature of stone.
Timber that has been soaked in copperas water, say one pound copperas to one pail of water, will last more than twice as long as that
which has not been thus prepared. Copperas
is 1 J- cents per pound.
Female Accomplishments.—It is proposed
to establish in some ofthe manufacturing cities,
an institution in which the science of spinolo-
gy, weavology and cookology may be taught to
young ladies, and where, after receiving these
accomplishments, they may receive a diploma,
with a kind of degree of F. F. W.—Fit for
Wives.