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VOL. XXX. INDIANAPOLIS, IND., MAY 18, .895. NO. 20. Written for the Indiana Farmers - The Clay-Backed Out-worm (Affrdlis Ola- diaria, Morrison). BY JAMES TROOP, HORTICULTURIST. This insect has appeared in great num- bars this spring in many localities in Southern Indiana and has done serious injury to the growing crops. Reports have been received from Clark, Crawford,Floyd, Lawrence and Orange counties, all of which state that the damage done is very great and that in some caBes farmers have suspended farther planting on their account. The first reports describad this insect as the "army worm," and, indeed, the descriptions given of its habits and methods of work corresponded very closely to that of the army worm. Many of the first specimens received were quite young, others were dead before reaching me; and 8s the color of the larvra of this species is quite variable, it was impossible to identify it until recently, when a box of full grown larvto was received, together with this information: "Same of the specimens were taken from a potato patch and some from a meadow. The meadow is timothy with some clover. All the clover has been cut dawn and the timothy not disturbed. In the potato patch we found from six to fifteen under a hill. They appear in such great numbers that they are called army worms; they do their work, however, at night and go into the ground in the day time." These are the habits of cutworms, and enabled us to identify it as the species given above. This Bpecies was desoribed in 1875, but so far as known to me, did comparatively little damage to crops until 1887, when it overran southern Illinoi.* in the same manner as it is now doing in southern Indiana. The eggs are laid in autumn, some of them quite early, so that a portion of the Ian io are nearly full grown before going into winter quarters. This was clearly shown by the different sizes found this spring. The larva) continue to work until about June 1st, when they pupate, the moths appearing again in August and September. The characteristic oolors of the cutworms are not so well marked in this species, the general color being a dingy gray to brown with lighter longitudinal lines along the side of the body. Remedies —The cutworm in general is a more difficult insect to manage than is the atiny worm, and when it appears in a field of grain or vegetables in such num • bers as in this instance, it is practically useless to attempt to destroy it. Nature, however, has provided a remedy in the little parasite which deposits its eggs in large numbers within the lar\o3, The young parasite3 feed upon it and thus destroy it. In a small box of the larvto received from Clark county, I have bred nearly 150 parasites, so that in all probability there will not be a recurrence of these pests for a number of years. Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. Newspaper Bulletin No. 9, May 14, 1895. sjTorbe's Fifth Report, Insects of Illinois. » ♦ . A Farmer's Opinion of the Farmer. Editobs Indiana Fabhkb: My love of the profession of farming, is no ideal sentiment, no passing fancy of a hair brained enthusiast, but is the strongest conviction of a thirty years' practical experience. The most ardent love that a man oan conceive of a calling, has been tho controlling spirit of my business. I have always accepted the labor, difficulties and disappointments as a matter of course, and the errors of judgment as a part of the education of a farmer. I wanted to succeed, I was determined to succeed, if labor and study andolose attention to business counted for anything. I kept an eye to the main line always, that is general farming, leaving the side tracks for others. No doubt some of my brother farmers will object to my frequent use of the pronoun I in this subject. I frequent ly hear farmers say of these men that write for agricultural papers, "They don't practice what they preach." No doubt they are correct in some few cases; but as for myself, everything I write is "raw mater ial," without any "high protection" on it whatever, and has been pioked up between the plow handles, on the fields among the crops, among the live stook, in the orchard and garden, by the way-side, at the oounty and State fairs, and about your farm*, the Institute meeting, the State experiment farm, from farm papers, from books treating on agricultural subjects, and on the street corners, where poor pes simistic farmers love to congregate to compare grievances, while the good wife is at home, hoeing the potatoes. You know I have an eye to the "main chance," an ear, that loves the music of business, and hands that either "hold the plow, or drive" business on the farm. My observation teaches me that to succeed in any business, a man must watoh for any or all the changes, whather good or bad, that may come into his business, and study to anticipate them in advance, if possible. To do so, is to be in the front rank of improvement, and progression. My brother farmers, suppose we call a halt before the coming spring crop season [commences, and see if we are in touch with the improvements of the age we are living in, or keeping l's'.ep" with onr fellows in other kinds of business. I am afraid we wou'd find that very many of us are practicing yet the expensive methods of 30 years ago. History teaches us that all business methods are completely revolutionized about every 30 years. Those of you who visited the great fair in Chicago in 1893 will bear me out in this assertion. I imagined before I visited that greatest exhibition of industrial improvement the world ever looked on, that I was pretty well posted on all such matters, and to say that I was surprised at my own ignorance, when I stood in the presence of that crowning glory of inventive genius, does not express it; words cannot do it j astice. I have been trying ever Bince to digest it, and before I can do so, no doubt even greater ohanges will oome in to claim our attention, and much of it will remain unsolved to the end. But to myself that great fair will al ways remain one bright spot to the end, and will serve to counteract the dark and gloomy years of the late civil war, in which I took a part. Much is being Bald and written about the farmer. They are saying and writing a great deal themselves, and much truth is being brought out in tbe discussion,and much that is untrue is coming to the light too, and no doubt all classes will be benefited by the investigation. Farmers as a class, think and act somewhat slower than men of other professions, but they get there, just the same. The Indiana farmers may well congratulate themselves- on the progress they are making in the science of good farming. They stand second to those of no other State in the union. Their per cent of mortgago Indebtedness is smaller than of any other of the States. This alone shows business ability above the average. This is very remarkable, when we come to think of the many natural obstacles they had to encounter before they could make those now fine fertile farms they now own and till, and those beautiful homes they live in- I say stop this nonsense about the farmers supposed ignorance, snd let us reason together, and see if the farmer has not been wrongfully treated. More of this later on. James Haslet. One of the Best. Editors Indiana Farmeb: I have taken your paper for the last four years, and I think it is one of the best farm papers I ever read, and while I live on the farm you may expeot to send it to me. Our institute in this, Hancock, oounty was a success. Many good points were brought out for the farmers, those on clover inparticular. I. P. Cuhtis Hints on Corn Culture. Editobs Indiana Fabmeb: To insure a good crop begin about the first of September by going through the field, selecting the ripest ears, .and the grains of as near a uniform size as possible. This will save much necessary thinning. Cure it by puttieg it over the cook stove between the joists. It will not get too hot and will sprout sooner and grow stronger in cold wet weather than corn taken from the crib. Plow the ground and thoroughly pulverJz 9 before planting. A thorough peed bed is of great benefit in the tending Plant in hills three feet eight inches apart, three grains to the hill. Cultivate with a spring tooth riding cultivator, beginning as Boon as corn can be seen in row, going one way as long as weeds can be kept down between the hills, as this leaves room for Bide roots. If necessary to cross plow do not ohange any more. C. B. Harvey Henry Co. Large Yields of Corn. I will give a brief sketch of my experience in producing large yields of corn First I manage to have olover sod, and in the fall, after clover seed is harvested, I haul all my stable manure and straw (rotted straw) on the clover sod and put it in heaps. Then I go through my corn and select seed for the ensuing corn planting. Now when the earth is warm I commence plowing and have the manure scattered as evenly as possible on the plowed soil. Break as deep as you can, from eight to 10 inches; the deeper the better for corn and ground. After plowing is done, I put on two A harrows; one going the way it was plowed and the iother cross, so as to pulverize and mix the manure thoroughly and level up dead furrows. I plant any time after 5th of May, but want the soil loose and warm. I prefer furrows deep and three and a half feet apart. Drill the oorn not closer than 18 inches, and if it rains hard enough to form a orust before corn is up, go over it with an A harrow. Then go through it with single shovels and split the middles, following with harrow. Second week I put in the Buckeye Sunbeam cultivator, with 4 bull tongues and plow as deep and close as I can. Third week go through again but leave off the outside bull-tongues and pat on the shovels and still plow deep After which I cultivate as soon after showers aa the ground will permit. I will not cultivate through mud, it does not pay. Fourth week, culti vate Bhallow, so as not to break the roots. They are in tho ground deep, and shallow cultivation will create moisture, and loosen the soil and let in the fertilizing elements from the air I give corn olose attention and cultivate four or five times, and lay by with a small harrow, so as to have the ground as level as possible. Now it is in good shape for whea*, and in the spring I sow it in red clover, and by so doing the land is growing better all the time, and I am getting good yields. C F. Parks, Sullivan Co. In the British army 97 p9r cent of the troops are both able to read and write. Squirrels are reported abundant in the Clinton county woods. There is no truth in the rumor that Bismarck is seriously ill. ^tate IJjettiB. A little black bug is doing much damage to corn in the violnity of Rockville. The four year-old daughter of Henry Leather man of Gjshen was strangled in a swing. Frank Dill, a mute of Wailesboro, was killed by a railroad train while walking on the track. Frederick Gercken, seventeen years old, of Fort Wayne, undertood to wade across the Maumee river and was drowned. Ora, ten years old, son of Clarence Pickett, of Hamilton county, fell off a straw- stack, receiving injuries of which he died. Fire in Porter county destroyed fifteen aores of fine timber owned by the Chicago- Porter Home and Manufacturing Company. A six foot, twelve inch face grindstono in the Arcade file works at Anderson flew to pieces, and a fragment struck Walter Armstrong, c .using very serious concussion of the brain. The farmers in Clinton county are very much discouraged over the prospects of their crops, owing to the continued drouth. It Is claimed that there cannot be a half crop of wheat, which is now three inches high and has turned yellow. The hay crop has also been damaged aud the young clover is making a bad showing, as is the oats crop. The fruit and corn is still looking well,but are badly in need of rain. During the burning of his residence at Philomath, the owner of the property, M. J Weber, persisted in pouring water in one spot, notwithstanding the expostulations of those who were trying to assist him in saving h^s property. After the fire was over he raked away the ashes from this particular spot, disclosing a roughly-made box, from which he took several old shot bags filled with gold. This money was placed in bank at Con- norsville. The estimated amount is f 30,- 000. t&mzxxxl ^rtxos. The gild reserve in the United States Treasury is now ?9G,039,83S. London manufactures ten million dollars' worth of umbrellas annually. In western Kansas on May 9th a hot wind blew and the temperature was 105 in shade. It is estimated that the forest fires in Pennsylvania have already done damage amounting to $l,OCO,000. j |A Bhad overflow Is reported in the Delaware river. Never before were tho fish so large and fine or so numerous. The Rumford Historical Society, of Wo- burn, Mass , will erect a monument to the Baldwin apple on the site of the parent tree. In the Pere Lachatse cemetery, at Paris, one of the keepers was found recontly to have been cultivating vegetables on the graves. Blindness is on tho increase in the United States. Forty years ago but four in 10,000 were blind, but now the ratio has increased 100 per cent. In the Spanish province cf Cadiz bands of men unable to find employment have been traversing the country districts and robbing the inhabitants of cattle and food. Andrew Coleman died in Athens, Ga., last week from the effects cf a wound in his left eye, caused by being shot with a pin by some mischievous boy a few weeks ago.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1895, v. 30, no. 20 (May 18) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA3020 |
Date of Original | 1895 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-02-07 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | VOL. XXX. INDIANAPOLIS, IND., MAY 18, .895. NO. 20. Written for the Indiana Farmers - The Clay-Backed Out-worm (Affrdlis Ola- diaria, Morrison). BY JAMES TROOP, HORTICULTURIST. This insect has appeared in great num- bars this spring in many localities in Southern Indiana and has done serious injury to the growing crops. Reports have been received from Clark, Crawford,Floyd, Lawrence and Orange counties, all of which state that the damage done is very great and that in some caBes farmers have suspended farther planting on their account. The first reports describad this insect as the "army worm," and, indeed, the descriptions given of its habits and methods of work corresponded very closely to that of the army worm. Many of the first specimens received were quite young, others were dead before reaching me; and 8s the color of the larvra of this species is quite variable, it was impossible to identify it until recently, when a box of full grown larvto was received, together with this information: "Same of the specimens were taken from a potato patch and some from a meadow. The meadow is timothy with some clover. All the clover has been cut dawn and the timothy not disturbed. In the potato patch we found from six to fifteen under a hill. They appear in such great numbers that they are called army worms; they do their work, however, at night and go into the ground in the day time." These are the habits of cutworms, and enabled us to identify it as the species given above. This Bpecies was desoribed in 1875, but so far as known to me, did comparatively little damage to crops until 1887, when it overran southern Illinoi.* in the same manner as it is now doing in southern Indiana. The eggs are laid in autumn, some of them quite early, so that a portion of the Ian io are nearly full grown before going into winter quarters. This was clearly shown by the different sizes found this spring. The larva) continue to work until about June 1st, when they pupate, the moths appearing again in August and September. The characteristic oolors of the cutworms are not so well marked in this species, the general color being a dingy gray to brown with lighter longitudinal lines along the side of the body. Remedies —The cutworm in general is a more difficult insect to manage than is the atiny worm, and when it appears in a field of grain or vegetables in such num • bers as in this instance, it is practically useless to attempt to destroy it. Nature, however, has provided a remedy in the little parasite which deposits its eggs in large numbers within the lar\o3, The young parasite3 feed upon it and thus destroy it. In a small box of the larvto received from Clark county, I have bred nearly 150 parasites, so that in all probability there will not be a recurrence of these pests for a number of years. Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. Newspaper Bulletin No. 9, May 14, 1895. sjTorbe's Fifth Report, Insects of Illinois. » ♦ . A Farmer's Opinion of the Farmer. Editobs Indiana Fabhkb: My love of the profession of farming, is no ideal sentiment, no passing fancy of a hair brained enthusiast, but is the strongest conviction of a thirty years' practical experience. The most ardent love that a man oan conceive of a calling, has been tho controlling spirit of my business. I have always accepted the labor, difficulties and disappointments as a matter of course, and the errors of judgment as a part of the education of a farmer. I wanted to succeed, I was determined to succeed, if labor and study andolose attention to business counted for anything. I kept an eye to the main line always, that is general farming, leaving the side tracks for others. No doubt some of my brother farmers will object to my frequent use of the pronoun I in this subject. I frequent ly hear farmers say of these men that write for agricultural papers, "They don't practice what they preach." No doubt they are correct in some few cases; but as for myself, everything I write is "raw mater ial," without any "high protection" on it whatever, and has been pioked up between the plow handles, on the fields among the crops, among the live stook, in the orchard and garden, by the way-side, at the oounty and State fairs, and about your farm*, the Institute meeting, the State experiment farm, from farm papers, from books treating on agricultural subjects, and on the street corners, where poor pes simistic farmers love to congregate to compare grievances, while the good wife is at home, hoeing the potatoes. You know I have an eye to the "main chance," an ear, that loves the music of business, and hands that either "hold the plow, or drive" business on the farm. My observation teaches me that to succeed in any business, a man must watoh for any or all the changes, whather good or bad, that may come into his business, and study to anticipate them in advance, if possible. To do so, is to be in the front rank of improvement, and progression. My brother farmers, suppose we call a halt before the coming spring crop season [commences, and see if we are in touch with the improvements of the age we are living in, or keeping l's'.ep" with onr fellows in other kinds of business. I am afraid we wou'd find that very many of us are practicing yet the expensive methods of 30 years ago. History teaches us that all business methods are completely revolutionized about every 30 years. Those of you who visited the great fair in Chicago in 1893 will bear me out in this assertion. I imagined before I visited that greatest exhibition of industrial improvement the world ever looked on, that I was pretty well posted on all such matters, and to say that I was surprised at my own ignorance, when I stood in the presence of that crowning glory of inventive genius, does not express it; words cannot do it j astice. I have been trying ever Bince to digest it, and before I can do so, no doubt even greater ohanges will oome in to claim our attention, and much of it will remain unsolved to the end. But to myself that great fair will al ways remain one bright spot to the end, and will serve to counteract the dark and gloomy years of the late civil war, in which I took a part. Much is being Bald and written about the farmer. They are saying and writing a great deal themselves, and much truth is being brought out in tbe discussion,and much that is untrue is coming to the light too, and no doubt all classes will be benefited by the investigation. Farmers as a class, think and act somewhat slower than men of other professions, but they get there, just the same. The Indiana farmers may well congratulate themselves- on the progress they are making in the science of good farming. They stand second to those of no other State in the union. Their per cent of mortgago Indebtedness is smaller than of any other of the States. This alone shows business ability above the average. This is very remarkable, when we come to think of the many natural obstacles they had to encounter before they could make those now fine fertile farms they now own and till, and those beautiful homes they live in- I say stop this nonsense about the farmers supposed ignorance, snd let us reason together, and see if the farmer has not been wrongfully treated. More of this later on. James Haslet. One of the Best. Editors Indiana Farmeb: I have taken your paper for the last four years, and I think it is one of the best farm papers I ever read, and while I live on the farm you may expeot to send it to me. Our institute in this, Hancock, oounty was a success. Many good points were brought out for the farmers, those on clover inparticular. I. P. Cuhtis Hints on Corn Culture. Editobs Indiana Fabmeb: To insure a good crop begin about the first of September by going through the field, selecting the ripest ears, .and the grains of as near a uniform size as possible. This will save much necessary thinning. Cure it by puttieg it over the cook stove between the joists. It will not get too hot and will sprout sooner and grow stronger in cold wet weather than corn taken from the crib. Plow the ground and thoroughly pulverJz 9 before planting. A thorough peed bed is of great benefit in the tending Plant in hills three feet eight inches apart, three grains to the hill. Cultivate with a spring tooth riding cultivator, beginning as Boon as corn can be seen in row, going one way as long as weeds can be kept down between the hills, as this leaves room for Bide roots. If necessary to cross plow do not ohange any more. C. B. Harvey Henry Co. Large Yields of Corn. I will give a brief sketch of my experience in producing large yields of corn First I manage to have olover sod, and in the fall, after clover seed is harvested, I haul all my stable manure and straw (rotted straw) on the clover sod and put it in heaps. Then I go through my corn and select seed for the ensuing corn planting. Now when the earth is warm I commence plowing and have the manure scattered as evenly as possible on the plowed soil. Break as deep as you can, from eight to 10 inches; the deeper the better for corn and ground. After plowing is done, I put on two A harrows; one going the way it was plowed and the iother cross, so as to pulverize and mix the manure thoroughly and level up dead furrows. I plant any time after 5th of May, but want the soil loose and warm. I prefer furrows deep and three and a half feet apart. Drill the oorn not closer than 18 inches, and if it rains hard enough to form a orust before corn is up, go over it with an A harrow. Then go through it with single shovels and split the middles, following with harrow. Second week I put in the Buckeye Sunbeam cultivator, with 4 bull tongues and plow as deep and close as I can. Third week go through again but leave off the outside bull-tongues and pat on the shovels and still plow deep After which I cultivate as soon after showers aa the ground will permit. I will not cultivate through mud, it does not pay. Fourth week, culti vate Bhallow, so as not to break the roots. They are in tho ground deep, and shallow cultivation will create moisture, and loosen the soil and let in the fertilizing elements from the air I give corn olose attention and cultivate four or five times, and lay by with a small harrow, so as to have the ground as level as possible. Now it is in good shape for whea*, and in the spring I sow it in red clover, and by so doing the land is growing better all the time, and I am getting good yields. C F. Parks, Sullivan Co. In the British army 97 p9r cent of the troops are both able to read and write. Squirrels are reported abundant in the Clinton county woods. There is no truth in the rumor that Bismarck is seriously ill. ^tate IJjettiB. A little black bug is doing much damage to corn in the violnity of Rockville. The four year-old daughter of Henry Leather man of Gjshen was strangled in a swing. Frank Dill, a mute of Wailesboro, was killed by a railroad train while walking on the track. Frederick Gercken, seventeen years old, of Fort Wayne, undertood to wade across the Maumee river and was drowned. Ora, ten years old, son of Clarence Pickett, of Hamilton county, fell off a straw- stack, receiving injuries of which he died. Fire in Porter county destroyed fifteen aores of fine timber owned by the Chicago- Porter Home and Manufacturing Company. A six foot, twelve inch face grindstono in the Arcade file works at Anderson flew to pieces, and a fragment struck Walter Armstrong, c .using very serious concussion of the brain. The farmers in Clinton county are very much discouraged over the prospects of their crops, owing to the continued drouth. It Is claimed that there cannot be a half crop of wheat, which is now three inches high and has turned yellow. The hay crop has also been damaged aud the young clover is making a bad showing, as is the oats crop. The fruit and corn is still looking well,but are badly in need of rain. During the burning of his residence at Philomath, the owner of the property, M. J Weber, persisted in pouring water in one spot, notwithstanding the expostulations of those who were trying to assist him in saving h^s property. After the fire was over he raked away the ashes from this particular spot, disclosing a roughly-made box, from which he took several old shot bags filled with gold. This money was placed in bank at Con- norsville. The estimated amount is f 30,- 000. t&mzxxxl ^rtxos. The gild reserve in the United States Treasury is now ?9G,039,83S. London manufactures ten million dollars' worth of umbrellas annually. In western Kansas on May 9th a hot wind blew and the temperature was 105 in shade. It is estimated that the forest fires in Pennsylvania have already done damage amounting to $l,OCO,000. j |A Bhad overflow Is reported in the Delaware river. Never before were tho fish so large and fine or so numerous. The Rumford Historical Society, of Wo- burn, Mass , will erect a monument to the Baldwin apple on the site of the parent tree. In the Pere Lachatse cemetery, at Paris, one of the keepers was found recontly to have been cultivating vegetables on the graves. Blindness is on tho increase in the United States. Forty years ago but four in 10,000 were blind, but now the ratio has increased 100 per cent. In the Spanish province cf Cadiz bands of men unable to find employment have been traversing the country districts and robbing the inhabitants of cattle and food. Andrew Coleman died in Athens, Ga., last week from the effects cf a wound in his left eye, caused by being shot with a pin by some mischievous boy a few weeks ago. |
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