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■loiiiftir _ • ~* **-"' Writ*_ forl_ Indian* Fanaer. Agronomics—No. 3 BY JOUJf M. STAHL. I have just been reading an article by John Gould, in which he states that as he looks back upon the plans, labors and results of the long ago and compares them with the methods of to-day, he exclaims, "Had I known of this way 35 years ago!" This led me to think of a criticism of l'rof. Atwater's address delivered before the National Farmers' Congress, made by a well-known paper, in comparison with the views expressed by 1 "resident W. I. Chamberlain, In bis address before the same body. Pres. Chamberlain attributed the agricultural depression in part to overproduction; tbat is, the production of farm products in excess of the immediate demand from consumers. The question whether or not, enough is consumed, is outside of this, l'rof. Atwater stated that the object of the department which he represented was to secure and give to the farmer that information the use of which would onablo htm to produce more, and at less cost per quantity. The well-known paper thought that tho two men were tiring in opposite directions; that one llatly contradicted the other; that ono sought to tell the farmer how to produce more, while the other declared that tho farmers had aire uly produced too much; that if I'res. Chamberlain wero right, then l'rof. Atwater should toll tho farmors how to produce less, not more; and it concluded that when the doctors so diametrically dis agreed, both were probably wrong and should refrain from addressing farmers' congresses until they know more about the matter. This able editor fell into an error that not a few Intelligent, thoughtful people do not escape. He and thoy fail to distinguish between the mass and the Individual. They fail to note the fact, well understood by political economists, that what may bo applicable to the mass may not be applicable to those tbat compos. that mass, individually conslderod; that what may bo perfectly true of tho individual as a part of a body may not be true of that person standing alone in liig individual capacity. The reader may got this idea by considering the acquisition of wealth. A man may, as an independent individual, increase his wealth without increasing the wealth . t the social body of which he is a part. In fact, he may increase his wealth by methods that will decrease the wealth of the mass of which he is a part. For example, he conducts a lottery, and thereby Increases his wealth. But he does not create a cent of value; every dollar by which be increases his wealth, is drawn from the ■o«ie y of which he is a member. In fact, by awakening and stimulating the gambling spirit, he induces recklessness and ex travagance that wastes tho wealth of so ciety. He can increase his wealth by a lottery; but the mass can not—thoy could only draw wealth from ono part to another, while Introducing conditions that would actually make them poorer; and yet this samo man might be one of them. We can no** tho more readily perceive that what may be true of or applicable to the production of the individual may not be true of or applicable to the production of tho mass (society or nation) of which he is a part. It may be true, undoubtedly is true, when we consider that many have not had sufficient food and clothing and shelter, that during the past few years thore has not been near so much consumed as there should have beon; that tho production of farm products has not beon excessive if all had a proper portion; tbat the absolute amount of farm products has not been too great. But it is none the less true, that the relative production has been too great; that more has been produe_, than there has been a ready call for from consumers; and that we have been co_f*eilt_ to market our products under conditions that have depressed prices. This is what is meant by overproduction, and itis admitted by all right, thinking people; also, tbat itdo- piesses prices, and thst as consumption gains on production, prices will advance. It is the operation of tbe law of supply and demand. Already the relation of supply to demand, has been changed by short crop a in some places, and prices have advanced. While all this ia true, it is equally plain that whether prices are high or depressed, the man that produces most economically, whose products cost him the least, has the greatest profit. He sells at ths common price, as great _ that received by the man whose products have cost more, he has greater gain than the man Avhose products cost more. It is true that his increased production has an influence in depressing prices, by increasing tho aggregate production; lt depresses the prico ho gets, yet it does not diminish his relative advantage, his advantage compared with the man Whose products havo cost more; both yet get the samo price. Further, ho makes an absolute gain; for whilo tho depression of price is Bharod by tbo productsof tho mass, henco it is very littlo on each, the gain by reason of cheaper production, is enjoyed by his products only, comparatively few, hence tho'gain much greater than tho loss. Others will adopt his bottor mothods until, in time, they aro tho common methods; but if ho keeps ahead, if ho still continues to produ _ at less cost, ho has a greater prollt, as ho had boforo. It is plain that urging to do better, more economical individual offort ls proper enough; wo ad- dross our appeal, not to a nameless unit of society, but to an individual. Tlie point is, that under all conditions, tho man that produces to tho best advantage has tho largest profit and in farming ho is tlie man that produces most, from a given quantity of land, labor, etc. Thero is a propor province for Individual effort. Tho exceptional man, tho man abovo tho average, the man ahead of the mass, has the greatest profit. Whether production or consumption leads, tho best farmor is the most prosperous. Quincy, 111. ■ » » The Nation's Business aa lt is Viewed. The volume of business, both domestic and foreign, continues large beyond precedent and in character prosperous. The elections interrupted business but littlo and the result has no perceptible effect upon trade, though some fear that the extension of manufactures may be checked by the uncertainty. The monetary situation is practically unchanged. Tho reports from all parts of the country show that business is large and healthy. lioston wool moro quiet but firm, a good movement of heavy-woight goods expected at bottor prices. Philadelphia finds the wool trade less active, the demand being checked by what manufacturers consider extreme prices; the Iron trade a shade weaker, but rolling mills full of orders, and tho coal trade hardly up to expectations, with Octolier prices actually ruling. At Chicago grain receipts equal last year's; cured meats, butter and hides show a decrcaso, but dressed beof, lard, cheese and especially wool increase, and trade in dry goods, clothing and shoes exceed last year's. At St. I_ uis trade is rallying again; at Cincinnati it is encouraging, tho tobacco trade improving; at Pittsburg iron is rather depressed, but the glass trade is fair; at Cleveland business is good, though in clothing dull, and at Detroit there is healthy activity. Xo change is noted at Milwaukee except tbat warm weather checks the sale of winter goods. At Omaha and at St. Paul business is excellent, aud fairly active at Kansas City. New Orleans reports a larger t rado than a year ago, liberal receipts of cotton and sugar and a good outlook. At Memphis and Savannah trade is sound and prospects bright. Iron is weaker here for Southern and Bessamer is weaker at Pittsburg, but at Philadelphia revised quotations are ">IS and upward for standard Pennsylvania, $17 and upward for standard Southern and $15 for neutral forge. More enquiry for rails ia seen. Bar mills are not so full of orders as they were, but structural and plate works are busy. Tho textile manufactures are all active and with improved prospects. Tin Is weaker at $21 35 and lead at ..(_j 20, and copper is sold by outside parties at }1<> 75. Foreign trade in October, will surpass that of any other month in tho history of the country, for tho exports from Now York show a gain of (-,000,000, indicating an aggregate of inure than $105,000,000 for the country, and imports also show an increase of about £'.1,000,000, indicating an aggregate scarcely exceeded if at all in any month. Tho money market hero has been active at about six per cont, iho treasury having added ?1 ,<.Xi7,5:.2 to the circulation of silver during tho weok, but otherwise having paid out only as much monoy as it has taken in. Al lioston the market is strong, at Philadelphia firm, at six to soven por cont, with largo demand for discounts; at Chicago close with an advance in rat as of exchange the tightness being duo to Increase, of business, and at Si. I. uis tho market Is strong at 7(_s por cont. Now Orleans reports an e_!or markot, but at must western centers, tho demand is sharp, whilo out-side of such centers, tho markot is comparatively easy, Horo it is noted that tho demand for rediscounts is unusually largo. Hut tho reports as to collections aro again much moro favorablo than usual, complaints of slowness being almost unknown. Tho spoculativo markots aro lower, wh_t, two and one- half conts; cotton, llvoslxtoonth of a cont; coffee, one and one-half conts, and corn and lard a fraction. Silver has fallen to . 0_ conts por ounce, and sugar is also lower, refined having declined one-eight of a cont. Tho business failures occuring throughout tho country during tho last seven days number 215, as compared with -.18 last week. Forthecorresponding woek of last year, the figures were 207.—It. tl. Dunn & Co.'s Weekly Trado Kevlow, Nov. 7th. A Farmers' Beading Circle. Editors Indiana Farmer: It is difficult to fully estimate tho good which might bo accomplished by a reading circle properly conducted. It would furnish an incentive to many to cultivate in themselves the art of good reading. That this is entirely too much neglected, that thero are too few really good readers is a deplorable fact, and yet thero is no acquisition which can bo made a greater power for good than this. Itadds greatly to the value of all other accomplishments. It increases a person's capacity for enjoyment, as woll as hisjpower to promote tho enjoyment of his associates. I beleive that such a courso of study as has been iudicated in previous articles, if attentively pursued, would increase the usefulness of Farmers' Instltutes^and tho meetings of Farmers' Associations everywhere. At the township or neighborhood meotings, questions would bo likely to 'come up which havo been discussed at tho Institute-", and those who aro not. in tho habit of attending Institutes would find that they are missing golden opportunities for improvement; and thoso who do attend the Institutes would increase their own efficiency by this systematic study, so that they would be ablo to make theso gatherings more helpful to all those whom they are intended to benefit. The local meetings could be mado tho means of the social improvement of many farmers' homes and families. Our social faculties wero given to us for exercise and cultivation. They need to bo trained and cultivated just as much as any other of the mental powers. Thoy need to bo directed into the proper sphere of their activity, for right and propor exercise is their normal condition. The fact that tho farmers' sons and daughters have not enjoyed better soci. 1 privileges and opportunities has often been cited as ono of tho causes why they are _o anxious to leave the farm. At present the farmers manifest too little interest in these matters. Too many of them think that to raise "corn and hogs and hogs and corn" is the chief ond and aim of their living. They pride themselves upon their succesi in raising good crops and improved stock; they nevor grow woary of talking about their fino horses and cattlo and sheep, but they fall to realize that theso all dwindle into insignificance, in comparison with tho improvement and culture of themselves and their families. I havo sometimes thought, tbat tho one groal requisite, tho only thing to be desired abovo all el_, is an effort to improve tho social conditions of our rural neighborhood. But in order to effect this improvement, thero must be intellectual advancement, at* well. Tho Beading Circlo will furnish opportunities for both. It will unite in many individuals, tho disposition to cultivate in thoniselves, those qualities and accomplishments which contribute tho mo . puro and refined ploasuro not only to themselves, but to thoso with whom thoy aro brought in contact. If tho Heading Circlo should bo instrumental in accomplishing this ono thing and nothing olso it would certainly bo worthy of all tho effort that will bo required to effect its organization. But this is only one of tho many ways in which it will bo beneficial. It was with great interest that I read the articlo in tho Faumkii, by tho editor and by Mrs. Meredith. Thoso brief articles havo suggested many new ideas, and I hopo that wo may hoar from others, in ovory woek's issuo of the Fahmeu, until all its readers are interested in tho worthy project. It is only by a full and free discussion, that all its various phases can be brought to notice. I_e t tho good work*go on. H, S. Babthoi_mew, Middlebury. Look Aiter tiik Ma_h**_ No animal except tho sheep drops its manure so that it doos not need breaking to pieces for moro even distribution over the soil. Even tho sheep will huddle together at night, and drop thoir manure too much in one place; but this is usually on the highest part of the field that generally most needs to bo fertilized. An exchango suggests to farmers that wherever cattle and horses have pastured during summer, tbo clods of manuro they have scattered over tho surfaco should be broken up in the fall. This uncovers tho grass that is smothered beneath them, and at the same time releases the manuro for use ou a wider area, whero it will be carried down to grass roots by rains and melting snows, and will result In a larger and more^vigorous growth next season. Almost all of us live by roads where five minutes' work with pick and shovel put in at the right place, will save an hour's or a day's work after the water has gullied or undermined the highway. It is so easy to put a shovel in the wagon as you start for town, and to jump off where you boo tho mischief-making stream straying from its proper gutter. Fill the chuck- holo, and you will find pleasure every time you pass it to think you've made everybody's path a little smoother as well as your own.—Pacific Kural Press.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1890, v. 25, no. 46 (Nov. 15) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA2546 |
Date of Original | 1890 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-01-21 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | ■loiiiftir _ • ~* **-"' Writ*_ forl_ Indian* Fanaer. Agronomics—No. 3 BY JOUJf M. STAHL. I have just been reading an article by John Gould, in which he states that as he looks back upon the plans, labors and results of the long ago and compares them with the methods of to-day, he exclaims, "Had I known of this way 35 years ago!" This led me to think of a criticism of l'rof. Atwater's address delivered before the National Farmers' Congress, made by a well-known paper, in comparison with the views expressed by 1 "resident W. I. Chamberlain, In bis address before the same body. Pres. Chamberlain attributed the agricultural depression in part to overproduction; tbat is, the production of farm products in excess of the immediate demand from consumers. The question whether or not, enough is consumed, is outside of this, l'rof. Atwater stated that the object of the department which he represented was to secure and give to the farmer that information the use of which would onablo htm to produce more, and at less cost per quantity. The well-known paper thought that tho two men were tiring in opposite directions; that one llatly contradicted the other; that ono sought to tell the farmer how to produce more, while the other declared that tho farmers had aire uly produced too much; that if I'res. Chamberlain wero right, then l'rof. Atwater should toll tho farmors how to produce less, not more; and it concluded that when the doctors so diametrically dis agreed, both were probably wrong and should refrain from addressing farmers' congresses until they know more about the matter. This able editor fell into an error that not a few Intelligent, thoughtful people do not escape. He and thoy fail to distinguish between the mass and the Individual. They fail to note the fact, well understood by political economists, that what may bo applicable to the mass may not be applicable to those tbat compos. that mass, individually conslderod; that what may bo perfectly true of tho individual as a part of a body may not be true of that person standing alone in liig individual capacity. The reader may got this idea by considering the acquisition of wealth. A man may, as an independent individual, increase his wealth without increasing the wealth . t the social body of which he is a part. In fact, he may increase his wealth by methods that will decrease the wealth of the mass of which he is a part. For example, he conducts a lottery, and thereby Increases his wealth. But he does not create a cent of value; every dollar by which be increases his wealth, is drawn from the ■o«ie y of which he is a member. In fact, by awakening and stimulating the gambling spirit, he induces recklessness and ex travagance that wastes tho wealth of so ciety. He can increase his wealth by a lottery; but the mass can not—thoy could only draw wealth from ono part to another, while Introducing conditions that would actually make them poorer; and yet this samo man might be one of them. We can no** tho more readily perceive that what may be true of or applicable to the production of the individual may not be true of or applicable to the production of tho mass (society or nation) of which he is a part. It may be true, undoubtedly is true, when we consider that many have not had sufficient food and clothing and shelter, that during the past few years thore has not been near so much consumed as there should have beon; that tho production of farm products has not beon excessive if all had a proper portion; tbat the absolute amount of farm products has not been too great. But it is none the less true, that the relative production has been too great; that more has been produe_, than there has been a ready call for from consumers; and that we have been co_f*eilt_ to market our products under conditions that have depressed prices. This is what is meant by overproduction, and itis admitted by all right, thinking people; also, tbat itdo- piesses prices, and thst as consumption gains on production, prices will advance. It is the operation of tbe law of supply and demand. Already the relation of supply to demand, has been changed by short crop a in some places, and prices have advanced. While all this ia true, it is equally plain that whether prices are high or depressed, the man that produces most economically, whose products cost him the least, has the greatest profit. He sells at ths common price, as great _ that received by the man whose products have cost more, he has greater gain than the man Avhose products cost more. It is true that his increased production has an influence in depressing prices, by increasing tho aggregate production; lt depresses the prico ho gets, yet it does not diminish his relative advantage, his advantage compared with the man Whose products havo cost more; both yet get the samo price. Further, ho makes an absolute gain; for whilo tho depression of price is Bharod by tbo productsof tho mass, henco it is very littlo on each, the gain by reason of cheaper production, is enjoyed by his products only, comparatively few, hence tho'gain much greater than tho loss. Others will adopt his bottor mothods until, in time, they aro tho common methods; but if ho keeps ahead, if ho still continues to produ _ at less cost, ho has a greater prollt, as ho had boforo. It is plain that urging to do better, more economical individual offort ls proper enough; wo ad- dross our appeal, not to a nameless unit of society, but to an individual. Tlie point is, that under all conditions, tho man that produces to tho best advantage has tho largest profit and in farming ho is tlie man that produces most, from a given quantity of land, labor, etc. Thero is a propor province for Individual effort. Tho exceptional man, tho man abovo tho average, the man ahead of the mass, has the greatest profit. Whether production or consumption leads, tho best farmor is the most prosperous. Quincy, 111. ■ » » The Nation's Business aa lt is Viewed. The volume of business, both domestic and foreign, continues large beyond precedent and in character prosperous. The elections interrupted business but littlo and the result has no perceptible effect upon trade, though some fear that the extension of manufactures may be checked by the uncertainty. The monetary situation is practically unchanged. Tho reports from all parts of the country show that business is large and healthy. lioston wool moro quiet but firm, a good movement of heavy-woight goods expected at bottor prices. Philadelphia finds the wool trade less active, the demand being checked by what manufacturers consider extreme prices; the Iron trade a shade weaker, but rolling mills full of orders, and tho coal trade hardly up to expectations, with Octolier prices actually ruling. At Chicago grain receipts equal last year's; cured meats, butter and hides show a decrcaso, but dressed beof, lard, cheese and especially wool increase, and trade in dry goods, clothing and shoes exceed last year's. At St. I_ uis trade is rallying again; at Cincinnati it is encouraging, tho tobacco trade improving; at Pittsburg iron is rather depressed, but the glass trade is fair; at Cleveland business is good, though in clothing dull, and at Detroit there is healthy activity. Xo change is noted at Milwaukee except tbat warm weather checks the sale of winter goods. At Omaha and at St. Paul business is excellent, aud fairly active at Kansas City. New Orleans reports a larger t rado than a year ago, liberal receipts of cotton and sugar and a good outlook. At Memphis and Savannah trade is sound and prospects bright. Iron is weaker here for Southern and Bessamer is weaker at Pittsburg, but at Philadelphia revised quotations are ">IS and upward for standard Pennsylvania, $17 and upward for standard Southern and $15 for neutral forge. More enquiry for rails ia seen. Bar mills are not so full of orders as they were, but structural and plate works are busy. Tho textile manufactures are all active and with improved prospects. Tin Is weaker at $21 35 and lead at ..(_j 20, and copper is sold by outside parties at }1<> 75. Foreign trade in October, will surpass that of any other month in tho history of the country, for tho exports from Now York show a gain of (-,000,000, indicating an aggregate of inure than $105,000,000 for the country, and imports also show an increase of about £'.1,000,000, indicating an aggregate scarcely exceeded if at all in any month. Tho money market hero has been active at about six per cont, iho treasury having added ?1 ,<.Xi7,5:.2 to the circulation of silver during tho weok, but otherwise having paid out only as much monoy as it has taken in. Al lioston the market is strong, at Philadelphia firm, at six to soven por cont, with largo demand for discounts; at Chicago close with an advance in rat as of exchange the tightness being duo to Increase, of business, and at Si. I. uis tho market Is strong at 7(_s por cont. Now Orleans reports an e_!or markot, but at must western centers, tho demand is sharp, whilo out-side of such centers, tho markot is comparatively easy, Horo it is noted that tho demand for rediscounts is unusually largo. Hut tho reports as to collections aro again much moro favorablo than usual, complaints of slowness being almost unknown. Tho spoculativo markots aro lower, wh_t, two and one- half conts; cotton, llvoslxtoonth of a cont; coffee, one and one-half conts, and corn and lard a fraction. Silver has fallen to . 0_ conts por ounce, and sugar is also lower, refined having declined one-eight of a cont. Tho business failures occuring throughout tho country during tho last seven days number 215, as compared with -.18 last week. Forthecorresponding woek of last year, the figures were 207.—It. tl. Dunn & Co.'s Weekly Trado Kevlow, Nov. 7th. A Farmers' Beading Circle. Editors Indiana Farmer: It is difficult to fully estimate tho good which might bo accomplished by a reading circle properly conducted. It would furnish an incentive to many to cultivate in themselves the art of good reading. That this is entirely too much neglected, that thero are too few really good readers is a deplorable fact, and yet thero is no acquisition which can bo made a greater power for good than this. Itadds greatly to the value of all other accomplishments. It increases a person's capacity for enjoyment, as woll as hisjpower to promote tho enjoyment of his associates. I beleive that such a courso of study as has been iudicated in previous articles, if attentively pursued, would increase the usefulness of Farmers' Instltutes^and tho meetings of Farmers' Associations everywhere. At the township or neighborhood meotings, questions would bo likely to 'come up which havo been discussed at tho Institute-", and those who aro not. in tho habit of attending Institutes would find that they are missing golden opportunities for improvement; and thoso who do attend the Institutes would increase their own efficiency by this systematic study, so that they would be ablo to make theso gatherings more helpful to all those whom they are intended to benefit. The local meetings could be mado tho means of the social improvement of many farmers' homes and families. Our social faculties wero given to us for exercise and cultivation. They need to bo trained and cultivated just as much as any other of the mental powers. Thoy need to bo directed into the proper sphere of their activity, for right and propor exercise is their normal condition. The fact that tho farmers' sons and daughters have not enjoyed better soci. 1 privileges and opportunities has often been cited as ono of tho causes why they are _o anxious to leave the farm. At present the farmers manifest too little interest in these matters. Too many of them think that to raise "corn and hogs and hogs and corn" is the chief ond and aim of their living. They pride themselves upon their succesi in raising good crops and improved stock; they nevor grow woary of talking about their fino horses and cattlo and sheep, but they fall to realize that theso all dwindle into insignificance, in comparison with tho improvement and culture of themselves and their families. I havo sometimes thought, tbat tho one groal requisite, tho only thing to be desired abovo all el_, is an effort to improve tho social conditions of our rural neighborhood. But in order to effect this improvement, thero must be intellectual advancement, at* well. Tho Beading Circlo will furnish opportunities for both. It will unite in many individuals, tho disposition to cultivate in thoniselves, those qualities and accomplishments which contribute tho mo . puro and refined ploasuro not only to themselves, but to thoso with whom thoy aro brought in contact. If tho Heading Circlo should bo instrumental in accomplishing this ono thing and nothing olso it would certainly bo worthy of all tho effort that will bo required to effect its organization. But this is only one of tho many ways in which it will bo beneficial. It was with great interest that I read the articlo in tho Faumkii, by tho editor and by Mrs. Meredith. Thoso brief articles havo suggested many new ideas, and I hopo that wo may hoar from others, in ovory woek's issuo of the Fahmeu, until all its readers are interested in tho worthy project. It is only by a full and free discussion, that all its various phases can be brought to notice. I_e t tho good work*go on. H, S. Babthoi_mew, Middlebury. Look Aiter tiik Ma_h**_ No animal except tho sheep drops its manure so that it doos not need breaking to pieces for moro even distribution over the soil. Even tho sheep will huddle together at night, and drop thoir manure too much in one place; but this is usually on the highest part of the field that generally most needs to bo fertilized. An exchango suggests to farmers that wherever cattle and horses have pastured during summer, tbo clods of manuro they have scattered over tho surfaco should be broken up in the fall. This uncovers tho grass that is smothered beneath them, and at the same time releases the manuro for use ou a wider area, whero it will be carried down to grass roots by rains and melting snows, and will result In a larger and more^vigorous growth next season. Almost all of us live by roads where five minutes' work with pick and shovel put in at the right place, will save an hour's or a day's work after the water has gullied or undermined the highway. It is so easy to put a shovel in the wagon as you start for town, and to jump off where you boo tho mischief-making stream straying from its proper gutter. Fill the chuck- holo, and you will find pleasure every time you pass it to think you've made everybody's path a little smoother as well as your own.—Pacific Kural Press. |
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