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SUCCESSFUL FARMING, Better Cows and Their Management. Tbe Silo and Silage. [From Farmers Bulletin _o. 2 oi tin- Unlte-l *. tates Department of Agriculture.) The need of better cows for the dairy is coming to be very generally appreciated. The dairy commissioner of Iowa is reported as saying that the average cow in that Stato gives but 3,000 pounds of milk annually.while good ones yield from 5,000 to 6,000 pounds. The director of the Vermont Station states that the average yield per cow in that State ia only about }30 pounds of butter per annum, whilo thero are thirty dairies in the State that average over 300 pounds per cow. The director of the New York Station says: New York has 1,500,000 milch cows, probably producing on an averago less than 3,000 pounds of milk per year, and the annual average butter product per cow for the State is undoubtedly less than 130 pounds. This should not be when there are whole herds averaging 300, and some 400, pounds of butter per year for each cow. Animals producing these by no means phenomenal yields are not con- lined to any particular breed, and are often grades of our so-called native or no-breed animals. Proper selection, systematic breeding, and judicious feeding have produced these prolitable animals and herds. THK DIFFERENT GOWS. The difference in the milk-producing qualities of different cows is brought out very clearly by a series of experiments conducted at the Massachusetts State Station, of which Prof. C. A. Goessmann is director. They are especially interesting because the cows and their feed and care were such as are found on the better farms of Massachusetts, and the results, obtained with the appliances of a well-equipped experiment station, show in accurate and full detail the elements of actual profit and loss as they could not be found in ordinary farm experience. . These experiments have been made with twelve cows and have continued over five years. Grade Jersey, Ayrshire, Devon, Durham and Dutch, and native cows were used. They were secured for the experiments a few days after calving and fed until the daily yield fell below five to six quarts, when they were sold to the butcher. The length of the feeding period, i. e., duration of the experiment with each cow, varied from two hundeed and sixty-one to five hundred and ninety-nine days. Hay, fodder, corn silage, green crops, roots, and corn meal, wheat bran, and other grain were used. The daily ration per head consisted of 18 to 20 pounds of dry fodder, or its equivalent of green fodder, and from <_ to 9_ pounds of grain. Careful accounts have been kept of the history of each cow, including breed, ago, number of calves, length of feeding period, amounts and kinds of fodder, yield of milk, chemical composition of feed, milk, and manure, cost of cow and feed, and values of milk and manure. FINANCIAL BECORD OF COWS. The following is a recapitulation of the financial record of the cows: The milk was reckoned at the .price paid for it at the neighboring creameries. The value of the manure produced is calculated by assuming that of the total amount of food 20 per cent would be sold with the milk, and the remaining 80 per cent saved as manure. As farmers in the region buy commercial fertilizers for the sake of their nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, it was assumed that these same ingredients would be worth about as much, pound for pound, in the manure as in the better class pf fertilizers, and accordingly the value of tho manure was computed by taking the nitrogen as worth 16.J. cents, phosphoric acid cents, and potash V/, cents per pound. The return for feed consumed represents what the feeder receives for labor, housing of cattle, interest of cajlital invested, risk of loss of animal, etc. The most prolitable cow was bought for J. K), fed five hundred and eighty-four days, and then sold for 32. making hor actual cost*__; thefeedcost8135 05, so that the total cash outlay was §U>7 05; the milk brought J203 37 at the creamery; the manure was estimated to be worth 5C> US, making tho total value received for feed consumed §:_ ) 30. Subtracting the total cash outlay of gl . 05 from this, thero remains §93 25 as net return for feed consumed. Deducting the estimated value of the manure, the remainder, "return in excess of estimated value of manure," is §20 32. In the average for the twelvo cows, the net return was £50 43, and the return in excess of tho estimated value of tho manure only ?15 13. With the least profitable cow the cash outlay for cow and feed exceeded the value of the milk and manure by §3 97; in otlier words, the net return for feed consumed was $3 97 less than nothing. Subtracting tho value of the manure, tho total loss was $34 25; that is to say, allowing for the value of the manure, the results with the twolvo cows varied from a gain of §93 to a loss of §3 07. Or, if the value of the manure be left out of account, from a gain of _3<. 32 to a loss of §34 25. It is noticeable that the profit or loss did not depend upon either the breed or tho length of the feeding period. Tlio most profitable cow, ami the least profitable but one, were both of the same breed. Of the two most profitable cows, one was fed for five hundred and eighty-four days, and the other for only two hundred aud seventy-eight days. Two things, thon, are brought out vory clearly by these experiments. One is that in such localities as this, the valuo of the manure goes far to decide the profit in feeding dairy cattle. Another is that cows which would ordinarily pass for good ones may differ wildely in product. To tho practical dairyman these experiments teach clearly the difference between cows which aro profitable and those which are not, and the importance of selecting the best cows for his dairy and getting rid of the poor ones. In a larger sense they illustrate to every farmer tho importance of knowing accurately the condition of his business. Upon this its success or failure largely depends. FEEDING SILAdE. Silage has been successfully fed to a great variety of animals under different conditions, and is very generally considered a valuable substitute for dry fodder or roots. It seems specially adapted to cattle, but is also fed with good results to horses, swine and poultry. "Silage," says Professor Johnson, of tho Michigan station, "is excellent food for dairy cows, producing milk of the best quality." From experiments at the Wisconsin station the conclusion was drawn "that dairy cows readily consume a sufficient quantity of corn silage to maintain a flow of milk and yield of butter fully equal to and rather more than that produced by feeding dry fodder corn." Resides its other advantages an important consideration is that a larger amount of food can be stored in a given space if silage is substituted for dry fodder. The idea that the small farmer can not afford the silo is strongly controverted by Professor Johnson. "The small farmer with limited area of land is necessitated to crop more continuously than his neiglibor with a much larger acreage. He needs in overy possible way to secure the fertilizing material that shall replace the drains that this closer cropping is making, on his fields. How can he do it so cheaply, so surely, as by growing large crops of silage corn that will give him the main fodder necessary to enable him to feed for tho market or the dairy through the winter much more stock than his acres will carry in the summer?" In a recant experiment in Kansas, "the actual cost of cutting up tho corn, hauling it 50 rods to the silo, and storing it therein was i__ conts per ton. This includes fuel for the engine, but no charge is made for the uso of machinery." Professor Shelton, under whose directions tho experiment was mado, has no doubt that this expense might be greatly reduced. , Corn silage is not a complete ration, but should be fed in connection with some hay or otlier dry fodder and grain, oil- meal, cotton-seed meal, wheat bran, or other nitrogenous food. This follows from the fact that corn contains an excess of carbohydrates (i. e., substances which servo the body for fuel or are transformed into fat), and should therefore, be combined with feeds containing more nitrogen to form a well-balanced ration. Sil3go alone, however, may in some cases produce better results with less expense than are obtained with hay as an exclusive diet. COBN SH.A.iE TEST. It is generally agreed that corn is the best crop for silage in this country. Dent varieties aro preferred in most cases, though southern or silage varieties are recommondod by some experimenters because of tho largo yields they givo, and in tho extreme North certain of the flint varieties may be used to the best advantage. In some localities, as in Kansas and other Southern States, sorgum is a very important crop for silage. The Kansas station recommends medium growing saccharine and non-saccharine varieties for silage, and especially Golden Hod, Late Orange, and Goose Neck. The sorgums havo some advantages over corn. "They are less liablo to damage by iusects and they remain green far into the fall, usually until cut by frosts, so that the work of filling the silo maj* be carried on long after the corn plant has ripened its crop and the stalks have become worthless." Clover, alfalfa, cow-peas, and other forage plants have been successfully used for silage, but corn aud sorgum will undoubtedly continue to be the principle crops used for this purpose. WHEN TO CL'T. Chemical analyses recently made at the Xew York station indicate "that for the greatest amount of nutriment, considered from a chemical standpoint, corn should not be cut before it has reached the milk stago of the kernel." In Ohio is recommended by the station that "fodder corn should be cut when tho corn begins to glaze aud when the stalks begin to dry near the ground.'' But in Kansas, where intense heat and other climateic peculiarities hasten the ripening of tho crop, it is thought that harvesting "should not be delayed after the cornis in theearlydough stato." It is now quite generally thought better to put both stalks and ears in the silo tban to use the stalks alone for silage. Before being placed in the silo the corn should be cut into small pieces. Some experimenters prefer one-half inch lengths, as these will pack more evenly and solidly than longer pieces. It is a good practice to keep a man in the silo while it is being filled to see that tho silage is packed as closely in" the corners and along tho sides as elsewhere. If the filling occupies much time, so that the silage becomes heated, some of tho heated silage near the sides should be from time to time thrown into the center and replaced with the warmest silage, so as to keep the temperature of the whole mass as oven as possible. It seem to make little difference whether the filling is continuous or extended over several days, provided the work is carefully and thoroughly done. There is no agreement among experimenters as to the necessity of weighting the silo. At the Ohio station a wooden cover mado of ilooring boards well fitted together was placed on the silo. On this was placed about a ton of sand in boxes, and round the edge of the cover next the silo walls a piece of inverted sod to prevent the entrance of air. After the silage had settled about two feet, a ton of grass was thrown over the boxes of sand. In Kansas a layer of tarred paper, covered about 18 inches deep with green grass, has been as effectual as weighting heavily with rocks. FERMENTATION IN TIIE SII.O. Becent investigations by Prof. Hurrill, of tho Illinois station, emphasize and help to explain the fact that silage is necessarily a vory variable product, requiring careful treatment. The corn or other material used for silage varies in maturity, in chemical composition, and in amount of moisture. Numerous aud diverse chemicals changes take place in the silo, and the fermentations due to the action of tho minute organisms classified as yoasts, bacteria and molds, aro varied and complex. The kinds of ferments which cause changes in the silo include (1) yeasts, which causo tho change of sugar into alcohol and other fermentations; (2) bacteria, which cause the formation of acids and the heating in the silo, and appear to aid in the destructive changes, notably the semi-putrid decomposition, accompanied by bad odors,-which so-oftcn occurs in old silage; (3) molds, which also cause putrefaction. The yeasts found in the silo do not appear to be such as cause ordinary alcoholic fermentation, and it is doubtful if ordinary alcohol occurs in silago. The hot fermentation which often takes place soon after the silo is filled, though not yet fully explained, is not due to yeast. Two or more species of bacteria appear to bo concerned in the raising of the temperature. Theso bacteria are similar to those which cause butyric fermentation, i. e., the formation of butyric acid which is found in rancid butter. Tho high temperature does not destroy the bacteria and molds which later cause acid fermentation and putrefaction. After the heating, however, the silage sot- ties and the air is excluded. Tho initial high temperature which theso bacteria induce is, thereforev probably most serviceable by causing this closer packing of the silage and the exclusion of the air, rather than by killing the germs of other ferments. UNCLE SAM AS J. PITEB PLUVIUS. It seems absurd for our National Congress to seriously attempt to control the weather, but this august body has just mado an appropriation of §2,000 to experiment in dynamiting the sky to produce rainfall. The money is to be used under direction af the Department of Agriculture. It was given no doubt to show an interest in the farmers. In the belief that cannonading on the earth produces rainfall it was thought by Senator Far-well, who introduced the bill, that producing heavy . concussions a thousand feet above the earth would have a similar result and perhaps be more efiicacions. So the experiment is to be tried at Government expense. We will watch the result with deep interst. But what if it succeeds? "Will not tho big farmers get up a corner on showers, and being able to send up bigger balloons and set off heavier charges of dynamite bring down the biggest rains, and leave the small and poor farmers with still less rainfall than nature's arrangements would have allowed them? This matter will have to be looked into carefully, and it should be done too before science gets the upper hand of Dame Nature iu the storm business. Owing to au accident in the casting of the (irant statue for Chicago, it will not be ready for erection before September 1st.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1890, v. 25, no. 30 (July 26) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA2530 |
Date of Original | 1890 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-01-20 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | SUCCESSFUL FARMING, Better Cows and Their Management. Tbe Silo and Silage. [From Farmers Bulletin _o. 2 oi tin- Unlte-l *. tates Department of Agriculture.) The need of better cows for the dairy is coming to be very generally appreciated. The dairy commissioner of Iowa is reported as saying that the average cow in that Stato gives but 3,000 pounds of milk annually.while good ones yield from 5,000 to 6,000 pounds. The director of the Vermont Station states that the average yield per cow in that State ia only about }30 pounds of butter per annum, whilo thero are thirty dairies in the State that average over 300 pounds per cow. The director of the New York Station says: New York has 1,500,000 milch cows, probably producing on an averago less than 3,000 pounds of milk per year, and the annual average butter product per cow for the State is undoubtedly less than 130 pounds. This should not be when there are whole herds averaging 300, and some 400, pounds of butter per year for each cow. Animals producing these by no means phenomenal yields are not con- lined to any particular breed, and are often grades of our so-called native or no-breed animals. Proper selection, systematic breeding, and judicious feeding have produced these prolitable animals and herds. THK DIFFERENT GOWS. The difference in the milk-producing qualities of different cows is brought out very clearly by a series of experiments conducted at the Massachusetts State Station, of which Prof. C. A. Goessmann is director. They are especially interesting because the cows and their feed and care were such as are found on the better farms of Massachusetts, and the results, obtained with the appliances of a well-equipped experiment station, show in accurate and full detail the elements of actual profit and loss as they could not be found in ordinary farm experience. . These experiments have been made with twelve cows and have continued over five years. Grade Jersey, Ayrshire, Devon, Durham and Dutch, and native cows were used. They were secured for the experiments a few days after calving and fed until the daily yield fell below five to six quarts, when they were sold to the butcher. The length of the feeding period, i. e., duration of the experiment with each cow, varied from two hundeed and sixty-one to five hundred and ninety-nine days. Hay, fodder, corn silage, green crops, roots, and corn meal, wheat bran, and other grain were used. The daily ration per head consisted of 18 to 20 pounds of dry fodder, or its equivalent of green fodder, and from <_ to 9_ pounds of grain. Careful accounts have been kept of the history of each cow, including breed, ago, number of calves, length of feeding period, amounts and kinds of fodder, yield of milk, chemical composition of feed, milk, and manure, cost of cow and feed, and values of milk and manure. FINANCIAL BECORD OF COWS. The following is a recapitulation of the financial record of the cows: The milk was reckoned at the .price paid for it at the neighboring creameries. The value of the manure produced is calculated by assuming that of the total amount of food 20 per cent would be sold with the milk, and the remaining 80 per cent saved as manure. As farmers in the region buy commercial fertilizers for the sake of their nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, it was assumed that these same ingredients would be worth about as much, pound for pound, in the manure as in the better class pf fertilizers, and accordingly the value of tho manure was computed by taking the nitrogen as worth 16.J. cents, phosphoric acid cents, and potash V/, cents per pound. The return for feed consumed represents what the feeder receives for labor, housing of cattle, interest of cajlital invested, risk of loss of animal, etc. The most prolitable cow was bought for J. K), fed five hundred and eighty-four days, and then sold for 32. making hor actual cost*__; thefeedcost8135 05, so that the total cash outlay was §U>7 05; the milk brought J203 37 at the creamery; the manure was estimated to be worth 5C> US, making tho total value received for feed consumed §:_ ) 30. Subtracting the total cash outlay of gl . 05 from this, thero remains §93 25 as net return for feed consumed. Deducting the estimated value of the manure, the remainder, "return in excess of estimated value of manure," is §20 32. In the average for the twelvo cows, the net return was £50 43, and the return in excess of tho estimated value of tho manure only ?15 13. With the least profitable cow the cash outlay for cow and feed exceeded the value of the milk and manure by §3 97; in otlier words, the net return for feed consumed was $3 97 less than nothing. Subtracting tho value of the manure, tho total loss was $34 25; that is to say, allowing for the value of the manure, the results with the twolvo cows varied from a gain of §93 to a loss of §3 07. Or, if the value of the manure be left out of account, from a gain of _3<. 32 to a loss of §34 25. It is noticeable that the profit or loss did not depend upon either the breed or tho length of the feeding period. Tlio most profitable cow, ami the least profitable but one, were both of the same breed. Of the two most profitable cows, one was fed for five hundred and eighty-four days, and the other for only two hundred aud seventy-eight days. Two things, thon, are brought out vory clearly by these experiments. One is that in such localities as this, the valuo of the manure goes far to decide the profit in feeding dairy cattle. Another is that cows which would ordinarily pass for good ones may differ wildely in product. To tho practical dairyman these experiments teach clearly the difference between cows which aro profitable and those which are not, and the importance of selecting the best cows for his dairy and getting rid of the poor ones. In a larger sense they illustrate to every farmer tho importance of knowing accurately the condition of his business. Upon this its success or failure largely depends. FEEDING SILAdE. Silage has been successfully fed to a great variety of animals under different conditions, and is very generally considered a valuable substitute for dry fodder or roots. It seems specially adapted to cattle, but is also fed with good results to horses, swine and poultry. "Silage," says Professor Johnson, of tho Michigan station, "is excellent food for dairy cows, producing milk of the best quality." From experiments at the Wisconsin station the conclusion was drawn "that dairy cows readily consume a sufficient quantity of corn silage to maintain a flow of milk and yield of butter fully equal to and rather more than that produced by feeding dry fodder corn." Resides its other advantages an important consideration is that a larger amount of food can be stored in a given space if silage is substituted for dry fodder. The idea that the small farmer can not afford the silo is strongly controverted by Professor Johnson. "The small farmer with limited area of land is necessitated to crop more continuously than his neiglibor with a much larger acreage. He needs in overy possible way to secure the fertilizing material that shall replace the drains that this closer cropping is making, on his fields. How can he do it so cheaply, so surely, as by growing large crops of silage corn that will give him the main fodder necessary to enable him to feed for tho market or the dairy through the winter much more stock than his acres will carry in the summer?" In a recant experiment in Kansas, "the actual cost of cutting up tho corn, hauling it 50 rods to the silo, and storing it therein was i__ conts per ton. This includes fuel for the engine, but no charge is made for the uso of machinery." Professor Shelton, under whose directions tho experiment was mado, has no doubt that this expense might be greatly reduced. , Corn silage is not a complete ration, but should be fed in connection with some hay or otlier dry fodder and grain, oil- meal, cotton-seed meal, wheat bran, or other nitrogenous food. This follows from the fact that corn contains an excess of carbohydrates (i. e., substances which servo the body for fuel or are transformed into fat), and should therefore, be combined with feeds containing more nitrogen to form a well-balanced ration. Sil3go alone, however, may in some cases produce better results with less expense than are obtained with hay as an exclusive diet. COBN SH.A.iE TEST. It is generally agreed that corn is the best crop for silage in this country. Dent varieties aro preferred in most cases, though southern or silage varieties are recommondod by some experimenters because of tho largo yields they givo, and in tho extreme North certain of the flint varieties may be used to the best advantage. In some localities, as in Kansas and other Southern States, sorgum is a very important crop for silage. The Kansas station recommends medium growing saccharine and non-saccharine varieties for silage, and especially Golden Hod, Late Orange, and Goose Neck. The sorgums havo some advantages over corn. "They are less liablo to damage by iusects and they remain green far into the fall, usually until cut by frosts, so that the work of filling the silo maj* be carried on long after the corn plant has ripened its crop and the stalks have become worthless." Clover, alfalfa, cow-peas, and other forage plants have been successfully used for silage, but corn aud sorgum will undoubtedly continue to be the principle crops used for this purpose. WHEN TO CL'T. Chemical analyses recently made at the Xew York station indicate "that for the greatest amount of nutriment, considered from a chemical standpoint, corn should not be cut before it has reached the milk stago of the kernel." In Ohio is recommended by the station that "fodder corn should be cut when tho corn begins to glaze aud when the stalks begin to dry near the ground.'' But in Kansas, where intense heat and other climateic peculiarities hasten the ripening of tho crop, it is thought that harvesting "should not be delayed after the cornis in theearlydough stato." It is now quite generally thought better to put both stalks and ears in the silo tban to use the stalks alone for silage. Before being placed in the silo the corn should be cut into small pieces. Some experimenters prefer one-half inch lengths, as these will pack more evenly and solidly than longer pieces. It is a good practice to keep a man in the silo while it is being filled to see that tho silage is packed as closely in" the corners and along tho sides as elsewhere. If the filling occupies much time, so that the silage becomes heated, some of tho heated silage near the sides should be from time to time thrown into the center and replaced with the warmest silage, so as to keep the temperature of the whole mass as oven as possible. It seem to make little difference whether the filling is continuous or extended over several days, provided the work is carefully and thoroughly done. There is no agreement among experimenters as to the necessity of weighting the silo. At the Ohio station a wooden cover mado of ilooring boards well fitted together was placed on the silo. On this was placed about a ton of sand in boxes, and round the edge of the cover next the silo walls a piece of inverted sod to prevent the entrance of air. After the silage had settled about two feet, a ton of grass was thrown over the boxes of sand. In Kansas a layer of tarred paper, covered about 18 inches deep with green grass, has been as effectual as weighting heavily with rocks. FERMENTATION IN TIIE SII.O. Becent investigations by Prof. Hurrill, of tho Illinois station, emphasize and help to explain the fact that silage is necessarily a vory variable product, requiring careful treatment. The corn or other material used for silage varies in maturity, in chemical composition, and in amount of moisture. Numerous aud diverse chemicals changes take place in the silo, and the fermentations due to the action of tho minute organisms classified as yoasts, bacteria and molds, aro varied and complex. The kinds of ferments which cause changes in the silo include (1) yeasts, which causo tho change of sugar into alcohol and other fermentations; (2) bacteria, which cause the formation of acids and the heating in the silo, and appear to aid in the destructive changes, notably the semi-putrid decomposition, accompanied by bad odors,-which so-oftcn occurs in old silage; (3) molds, which also cause putrefaction. The yeasts found in the silo do not appear to be such as cause ordinary alcoholic fermentation, and it is doubtful if ordinary alcohol occurs in silago. The hot fermentation which often takes place soon after the silo is filled, though not yet fully explained, is not due to yeast. Two or more species of bacteria appear to bo concerned in the raising of the temperature. Theso bacteria are similar to those which cause butyric fermentation, i. e., the formation of butyric acid which is found in rancid butter. Tho high temperature does not destroy the bacteria and molds which later cause acid fermentation and putrefaction. After the heating, however, the silage sot- ties and the air is excluded. Tho initial high temperature which theso bacteria induce is, thereforev probably most serviceable by causing this closer packing of the silage and the exclusion of the air, rather than by killing the germs of other ferments. UNCLE SAM AS J. PITEB PLUVIUS. It seems absurd for our National Congress to seriously attempt to control the weather, but this august body has just mado an appropriation of §2,000 to experiment in dynamiting the sky to produce rainfall. The money is to be used under direction af the Department of Agriculture. It was given no doubt to show an interest in the farmers. In the belief that cannonading on the earth produces rainfall it was thought by Senator Far-well, who introduced the bill, that producing heavy . concussions a thousand feet above the earth would have a similar result and perhaps be more efiicacions. So the experiment is to be tried at Government expense. We will watch the result with deep interst. But what if it succeeds? "Will not tho big farmers get up a corner on showers, and being able to send up bigger balloons and set off heavier charges of dynamite bring down the biggest rains, and leave the small and poor farmers with still less rainfall than nature's arrangements would have allowed them? This matter will have to be looked into carefully, and it should be done too before science gets the upper hand of Dame Nature iu the storm business. Owing to au accident in the casting of the (irant statue for Chicago, it will not be ready for erection before September 1st. |
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