Page 1 |
Previous | 1 of 16 | Next |
|
|
Loading content ...
SaxQvtm gtpxxi SOKGUM CULTURE. From Seed Time to Harvest. BY W. P. LEITZMAN, CLAYTON, IND., PRESIDENT INDIANA CANE GROWERS' ASSOCIATION. SELECTION OP SEED. The first step towards securing a good crop of cane, Is the selection of good seed. It is more profitable to buy good seed, even at a high price, than to plant poor seed though it be a gift. Seed should be procured from cane growers who are known to be reliable men, and whose land has produced good results in quantity and in quality. Fresh seed should be produced every few years from a more southern climate than our own, as continued planting of home grown seed tends to deteriorate the crop. Seed should be selected before the cane is cut, that which ripens first should be taken. SELECTION OP SOILS is next in importance to that of seed, as i herein to a large extent, will depend on the success or failure of the crop. Any good soil will, if not too wet, produce a good crop of sorgum, but the best results can only be expected from soils best adapted to its wants.' The best soil for sorgum la a rich, warm, sandy loam, ■with a sandy or gravely sub-soil; the next best is a clay loam; the worst is black mucky bottom land. All wet lands should be avoided, also lands heavily manured with any kind of rank manure, as it will impart its flavor to the syrup. PREPARATION OP THE GROUND. All trash, such as weeds, grass and corn stalks should be removed from the ground, this can best be done by raking and burning. Deep plowing is very essential, and when practicable, should be done in the fall, as the frosts of winter favorably affects the soil and tends to destroy grubs and cut-worms, which otherwise might greatly damage the crop. If the ground was not plowed last fall, it may be done at any time in the early spring when the ground is in good condition for plowing. Wait until the ground is thoroughly warmed up, which in our latitude will be about the first to tenth of May, then harrow and drag until the ground is quite smooth and thoroughly pulverized. Hemember that all extra labor, properly put in Qn the ground before planting, will be doubly repaid in the after cultivation of the crop, and in its increased value. PLANTING should follow as quickly as possible after the ground is prepared, this is very essential, as the seed should be deposited in fresh moist earth, that it may germinate quickly, and get a fair start with the weeds. The depth to plant will vary from half an inch on heavy clay to two or more inches on light, loose, sandy soils. The seed should be planted at a uniform depth, to insure its coming up evenly. This can be done much easier and better by machinery than by hand. A good garden seed drill will answer for small .patches, and do good work. For field planting in drills the best thing is a good force feed wheat drill with all the holes stopped except two,which should be the right distance apart for the rows. But a two-horse corn planter, with or without a check-row attachment, gives the best results, depositing the seed at a uniform depth, and the wheels firming the soil about seed, causes it to germinate and and grow more rapidly, thus getting a better start of the weeds. If the planter has not got broom-corn plates, the corn plates should be placed on a level smooth surface and the holes filled with melted lead, the leads should then be carefully hammered to prevent them from dropping out; holes may be drilled in the leads the proper size to drop from six to ten seed at each motion of the plates, the holes must be largest at bottom to insure against clogging. Plant enough seed to insure a good stand without replanting as the cane should all ripen at once, it is much better to thin than to replant. Thinning may be done with the hoe.and before the cane is more than four inches high. Good soil will produce a stalk every four inches of row if drilled, if in checks from four to seven stalks to the hill may be grown. CULTIVATION should begin as soon as the plants can be seen along the rows; this is the time to make the crop. Cultivation should be merely upon the surface so as to avoid cutting and otherwise disturbing the roots, which would tend to retard the growth of suckers. All that is necessary is to keep the weeds and grass in check. This may easily be done with common corn cultivators with harrow attachments, which can bo had at most any implement ^store for a few dollars. They are excellent for cultivating young cane. Whatever kind of implement is used, the object should be to destroy weeds without disturbing the roots of the cane, as it is desirable to have as few suckers as possible, for the evil they do can never be entirely remedied by their removal after they once appear. When the cane is about three f6et high, the ground being clear of weeds, all culivation should cease, as it is then able to take care of itself, and nothing more will be required until the cane is ready to work up, which will be when the seed is beginning to harden, or in a stiff dough. %ixxv gzpKxtxnzxxt. BY VINSON CABTBB, ESQ., THIS CITY. Quefftloni _u_ Have Oeneral Application. We must decline hereafter to reply to queries by mail. It was not our intention to open a free legal bureau, as many seem, to think, for the benefit of private individuals, although subscribers. All we can consistently do is to give opinions on cases of a general character, such as are likely to occur to citizens in any part of the State at anytime, and the answers to which will be generally useful. These questions should be stated as clearly and briefly as possible. In Farmer of 5th inst, question: A has $100 owing to him, and owes §100. Your answer, he must give it in and claim set off. Of what must the set off consist? Hall. W. B. B. The ?100 which he owes. A section of land (of which I own ajpart) measures 10 rods over a mile. At some time long ago corner stones were set at %, \_ and % mile from one end or section corner and the present owner claims the balance, can those stones be moved so as to divide the section equally and by what process? This question has been answered sometime since. The answer was the stones could not now be removed. 1. Is it the duty of the road supervisor to repair the streets of an unincorporated town? 2. Can he compel those not living on said streets to perform labor on the same? 3. Is there any difference as to his duty in incorporated and unincorporated towns or cities, and if so. what? Reader. Fountain Co. -1. Yes. ,2. Yes. 3. Yes. The supervisor has nothing to do with incorporated towns. The town marshall takes charge of repairs of streets in, such towns. 1. Would a person holding the office of county commissioner, by resigning, be eligible to the offlce of county auditor, tho term of which commences 30 days before term of commissioner expires? 2. Does the board of county comission- ers constitute a Judicial oflice? 3. Would a member of the board of county commissioners be considered a Judicial officer?^ * A Surscribek. Rising Sun. 1. Yes. 2. No. 3. No. R and M join farms, and M has a pond and had to get an outlet through K's land, and furnished two-thirds of the tile and work, and R had an open ditch to M's pond and agreed to take his back water another course. After the pond was tiled he cleaned out his open ditch and run the water over M's land. Has he the right to do this, or has M got to run tile to the line between RandM? I). M. Gessie. No. R has no right to run his back water over M's land in violation of the agreement. In the election of the trustee in our township, Monroe, there was a tie vote. The Democrat candidate received 70 votes, and the two Republican candidates received 113 votes each. Now the question is what will we do for a trustee. The present trustee was not a candidate for re-election. Will the present trustee hold over or can there be a new election called, or will the auditor of the county have*the appointment? Will there be a vacancy when present term of trustee expires August 1st? r*^t_nr__- n~ The present trustee will hold over until his successor is elected and qualified. In case of a tie vote a special election must be held. At the April election last Monday, I was elected justice of the peace. I do not want the office, and will not qunlify, or if I qualify I will at once resign the oflice. Now, am I barred from running for any other office within the time for which I was elected; or would I be an eligible candidate for the office of county commissioner next fall? O. H. Boone Co. If you accept the office of justice of tho peace and qualify, then you will be ineligible for any other than a judicial office, during the term for which you were elected. A resignation after qualification will not restore your eligibility.. If you refuse the office and do not qualify then you are eligible to the office of county commissioner or any other office. 1. Does it pay to use commercial fertilizer on corn, if so what kind is best to use? 2. A and B adjoin one another. Over 20 years ago the line was established and fence was built. Now B sells to C, who orders a new survey, by this the line is changed a few feet. A is not satisfied. Can he be made pay for part of new survey, and will last survey change old established line? A. M. B. 1. If the land is much run down you will see good results from a liberal use of ammoniated guano, or bone dust. The first named is best for corn. Apply 200 to 300 pounds per acre, broadcast. It costs here about ?25 per ton. 2. The old line cannot be changed by a new survey without A's consent, and he cannot bo compelled to pay part of the expense. How Farmers Should Live.—AVe notice among the reasons offered why farming has not been so profitable as it should have been for some years past that it is often urged that "they live better than they used to." Well, why shouldn't they ? In these days when there is so much more to enjoy than there ever was before, what right has anyone to hold that otLer pursuits should have a better show at these things than farming ? The farmer should be able to carefully educate his family ; to surround himself with home comforts; to see and enjoy a little of the world as he goes along ;—in short, to live as other men live. Who can say nay to this ? If his business does not permit this, when well managed, then there is something wrong with the conditions affecting it—that's all. —National Stockman. . » . Wheats at Purdue—Backward Season. Indiana Farmers' League. Editors Indiana Parmer: I have just made a careful examination of the growing wheat on the Experiment Station Farm and find an average stand of fully 90 per cent for all the standard sorts. In the shallow depressions where water collected when the ground was frozen, the wheat is about all destroyed, hardy and tender varieties being about equally affected by the submergonce. The wheat plant is not even semi-equatic and hence cannot endure submergence for any considerable time, or thrive in a water-logged soil. No wheat that we have tried—and over 100 varieties have been grown here— can long stand an excess of water, either upon or near the surface of tho ground. Last winter's experience should convince farmers all over the State of the ABSOLUTE NECESSITY O I' DRAINAGE. in successful wheat culture. The conditions that enabled the wheat on the Station Farm to pass the winter so successfully are: (1.) Thorough preparation and moderate fertility of soil, which caused an even vigorous but not excessively rank fall and winter growth; (2.) good natural (3.) hardy varieties, which have proved best able to endure the rigors of our winter and spring climate. The oats seeding was considerably delayed in this section, owing to wet weather in March. Recently the weather has been too cold and dry for either oats or grass, though wheat is making satisfactory progress. I note with pleasure the editorial in the Farmer of April 19th, which raises the question "shall wo have an Indiana Farmers' League? There is no reason why there might not be such a league in this State. The farmers very generally desire LEGISLATION IN TIIE INTEREST OF AGRICULTURE and a league of farmers' organizations would be helpful to that end. It seems to me, however, that in order to the highest success of such a league, there needs to be a good deal of of fundamental work in the way of public discussion of questions, concerning which legislation is desired. The farmers are by no means a unit on the many questions of vital interest to them; and working independently, or wholly within some one of the several farmers' organizations they are not likely to reach oneness of view and harmony of action. I have no word of criticism of existing farmers' organizations. I believe they are all doing good work and trust they will continue to prosper. But is it not time for farmers to meet, not merely as politicians, Patrons of Husbandry, Patrons of Industry, members of the Farmers' Alliance, etc., but as farmers? Do you ask, brother farmers, where we shall find common meeting ground? 1 respectfully suggest in the Indiana Farmer. While it is not in the usual sense the organ of any of the various farmers' organizations it warmly espouses the cause of all, and of farmers in general. May we not hear, through the Farmer, from the leaders of the various farmers' organizations, State, county and local, and from wide-awake farmera generally, as to the desirability and feasibility of an INDIANA PARMER LEAGUE? And may there not also be a full aud free discussion pro and con of the merits of the various measures, for the relief of the farming classes or for the encouragement of Agriclture, -which the farmers themselves have to propose ? W. C Latta. Lafayette, April 23d.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1890, v. 25, no. 18 (May 3) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA2518 |
Date of Original | 1890 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-01-20 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | SaxQvtm gtpxxi SOKGUM CULTURE. From Seed Time to Harvest. BY W. P. LEITZMAN, CLAYTON, IND., PRESIDENT INDIANA CANE GROWERS' ASSOCIATION. SELECTION OP SEED. The first step towards securing a good crop of cane, Is the selection of good seed. It is more profitable to buy good seed, even at a high price, than to plant poor seed though it be a gift. Seed should be procured from cane growers who are known to be reliable men, and whose land has produced good results in quantity and in quality. Fresh seed should be produced every few years from a more southern climate than our own, as continued planting of home grown seed tends to deteriorate the crop. Seed should be selected before the cane is cut, that which ripens first should be taken. SELECTION OP SOILS is next in importance to that of seed, as i herein to a large extent, will depend on the success or failure of the crop. Any good soil will, if not too wet, produce a good crop of sorgum, but the best results can only be expected from soils best adapted to its wants.' The best soil for sorgum la a rich, warm, sandy loam, ■with a sandy or gravely sub-soil; the next best is a clay loam; the worst is black mucky bottom land. All wet lands should be avoided, also lands heavily manured with any kind of rank manure, as it will impart its flavor to the syrup. PREPARATION OP THE GROUND. All trash, such as weeds, grass and corn stalks should be removed from the ground, this can best be done by raking and burning. Deep plowing is very essential, and when practicable, should be done in the fall, as the frosts of winter favorably affects the soil and tends to destroy grubs and cut-worms, which otherwise might greatly damage the crop. If the ground was not plowed last fall, it may be done at any time in the early spring when the ground is in good condition for plowing. Wait until the ground is thoroughly warmed up, which in our latitude will be about the first to tenth of May, then harrow and drag until the ground is quite smooth and thoroughly pulverized. Hemember that all extra labor, properly put in Qn the ground before planting, will be doubly repaid in the after cultivation of the crop, and in its increased value. PLANTING should follow as quickly as possible after the ground is prepared, this is very essential, as the seed should be deposited in fresh moist earth, that it may germinate quickly, and get a fair start with the weeds. The depth to plant will vary from half an inch on heavy clay to two or more inches on light, loose, sandy soils. The seed should be planted at a uniform depth, to insure its coming up evenly. This can be done much easier and better by machinery than by hand. A good garden seed drill will answer for small .patches, and do good work. For field planting in drills the best thing is a good force feed wheat drill with all the holes stopped except two,which should be the right distance apart for the rows. But a two-horse corn planter, with or without a check-row attachment, gives the best results, depositing the seed at a uniform depth, and the wheels firming the soil about seed, causes it to germinate and and grow more rapidly, thus getting a better start of the weeds. If the planter has not got broom-corn plates, the corn plates should be placed on a level smooth surface and the holes filled with melted lead, the leads should then be carefully hammered to prevent them from dropping out; holes may be drilled in the leads the proper size to drop from six to ten seed at each motion of the plates, the holes must be largest at bottom to insure against clogging. Plant enough seed to insure a good stand without replanting as the cane should all ripen at once, it is much better to thin than to replant. Thinning may be done with the hoe.and before the cane is more than four inches high. Good soil will produce a stalk every four inches of row if drilled, if in checks from four to seven stalks to the hill may be grown. CULTIVATION should begin as soon as the plants can be seen along the rows; this is the time to make the crop. Cultivation should be merely upon the surface so as to avoid cutting and otherwise disturbing the roots, which would tend to retard the growth of suckers. All that is necessary is to keep the weeds and grass in check. This may easily be done with common corn cultivators with harrow attachments, which can bo had at most any implement ^store for a few dollars. They are excellent for cultivating young cane. Whatever kind of implement is used, the object should be to destroy weeds without disturbing the roots of the cane, as it is desirable to have as few suckers as possible, for the evil they do can never be entirely remedied by their removal after they once appear. When the cane is about three f6et high, the ground being clear of weeds, all culivation should cease, as it is then able to take care of itself, and nothing more will be required until the cane is ready to work up, which will be when the seed is beginning to harden, or in a stiff dough. %ixxv gzpKxtxnzxxt. BY VINSON CABTBB, ESQ., THIS CITY. Quefftloni _u_ Have Oeneral Application. We must decline hereafter to reply to queries by mail. It was not our intention to open a free legal bureau, as many seem, to think, for the benefit of private individuals, although subscribers. All we can consistently do is to give opinions on cases of a general character, such as are likely to occur to citizens in any part of the State at anytime, and the answers to which will be generally useful. These questions should be stated as clearly and briefly as possible. In Farmer of 5th inst, question: A has $100 owing to him, and owes §100. Your answer, he must give it in and claim set off. Of what must the set off consist? Hall. W. B. B. The ?100 which he owes. A section of land (of which I own ajpart) measures 10 rods over a mile. At some time long ago corner stones were set at %, \_ and % mile from one end or section corner and the present owner claims the balance, can those stones be moved so as to divide the section equally and by what process? This question has been answered sometime since. The answer was the stones could not now be removed. 1. Is it the duty of the road supervisor to repair the streets of an unincorporated town? 2. Can he compel those not living on said streets to perform labor on the same? 3. Is there any difference as to his duty in incorporated and unincorporated towns or cities, and if so. what? Reader. Fountain Co. -1. Yes. ,2. Yes. 3. Yes. The supervisor has nothing to do with incorporated towns. The town marshall takes charge of repairs of streets in, such towns. 1. Would a person holding the office of county commissioner, by resigning, be eligible to the offlce of county auditor, tho term of which commences 30 days before term of commissioner expires? 2. Does the board of county comission- ers constitute a Judicial oflice? 3. Would a member of the board of county commissioners be considered a Judicial officer?^ * A Surscribek. Rising Sun. 1. Yes. 2. No. 3. No. R and M join farms, and M has a pond and had to get an outlet through K's land, and furnished two-thirds of the tile and work, and R had an open ditch to M's pond and agreed to take his back water another course. After the pond was tiled he cleaned out his open ditch and run the water over M's land. Has he the right to do this, or has M got to run tile to the line between RandM? I). M. Gessie. No. R has no right to run his back water over M's land in violation of the agreement. In the election of the trustee in our township, Monroe, there was a tie vote. The Democrat candidate received 70 votes, and the two Republican candidates received 113 votes each. Now the question is what will we do for a trustee. The present trustee was not a candidate for re-election. Will the present trustee hold over or can there be a new election called, or will the auditor of the county have*the appointment? Will there be a vacancy when present term of trustee expires August 1st? r*^t_nr__- n~ The present trustee will hold over until his successor is elected and qualified. In case of a tie vote a special election must be held. At the April election last Monday, I was elected justice of the peace. I do not want the office, and will not qunlify, or if I qualify I will at once resign the oflice. Now, am I barred from running for any other office within the time for which I was elected; or would I be an eligible candidate for the office of county commissioner next fall? O. H. Boone Co. If you accept the office of justice of tho peace and qualify, then you will be ineligible for any other than a judicial office, during the term for which you were elected. A resignation after qualification will not restore your eligibility.. If you refuse the office and do not qualify then you are eligible to the office of county commissioner or any other office. 1. Does it pay to use commercial fertilizer on corn, if so what kind is best to use? 2. A and B adjoin one another. Over 20 years ago the line was established and fence was built. Now B sells to C, who orders a new survey, by this the line is changed a few feet. A is not satisfied. Can he be made pay for part of new survey, and will last survey change old established line? A. M. B. 1. If the land is much run down you will see good results from a liberal use of ammoniated guano, or bone dust. The first named is best for corn. Apply 200 to 300 pounds per acre, broadcast. It costs here about ?25 per ton. 2. The old line cannot be changed by a new survey without A's consent, and he cannot bo compelled to pay part of the expense. How Farmers Should Live.—AVe notice among the reasons offered why farming has not been so profitable as it should have been for some years past that it is often urged that "they live better than they used to." Well, why shouldn't they ? In these days when there is so much more to enjoy than there ever was before, what right has anyone to hold that otLer pursuits should have a better show at these things than farming ? The farmer should be able to carefully educate his family ; to surround himself with home comforts; to see and enjoy a little of the world as he goes along ;—in short, to live as other men live. Who can say nay to this ? If his business does not permit this, when well managed, then there is something wrong with the conditions affecting it—that's all. —National Stockman. . » . Wheats at Purdue—Backward Season. Indiana Farmers' League. Editors Indiana Parmer: I have just made a careful examination of the growing wheat on the Experiment Station Farm and find an average stand of fully 90 per cent for all the standard sorts. In the shallow depressions where water collected when the ground was frozen, the wheat is about all destroyed, hardy and tender varieties being about equally affected by the submergonce. The wheat plant is not even semi-equatic and hence cannot endure submergence for any considerable time, or thrive in a water-logged soil. No wheat that we have tried—and over 100 varieties have been grown here— can long stand an excess of water, either upon or near the surface of tho ground. Last winter's experience should convince farmers all over the State of the ABSOLUTE NECESSITY O I' DRAINAGE. in successful wheat culture. The conditions that enabled the wheat on the Station Farm to pass the winter so successfully are: (1.) Thorough preparation and moderate fertility of soil, which caused an even vigorous but not excessively rank fall and winter growth; (2.) good natural (3.) hardy varieties, which have proved best able to endure the rigors of our winter and spring climate. The oats seeding was considerably delayed in this section, owing to wet weather in March. Recently the weather has been too cold and dry for either oats or grass, though wheat is making satisfactory progress. I note with pleasure the editorial in the Farmer of April 19th, which raises the question "shall wo have an Indiana Farmers' League? There is no reason why there might not be such a league in this State. The farmers very generally desire LEGISLATION IN TIIE INTEREST OF AGRICULTURE and a league of farmers' organizations would be helpful to that end. It seems to me, however, that in order to the highest success of such a league, there needs to be a good deal of of fundamental work in the way of public discussion of questions, concerning which legislation is desired. The farmers are by no means a unit on the many questions of vital interest to them; and working independently, or wholly within some one of the several farmers' organizations they are not likely to reach oneness of view and harmony of action. I have no word of criticism of existing farmers' organizations. I believe they are all doing good work and trust they will continue to prosper. But is it not time for farmers to meet, not merely as politicians, Patrons of Husbandry, Patrons of Industry, members of the Farmers' Alliance, etc., but as farmers? Do you ask, brother farmers, where we shall find common meeting ground? 1 respectfully suggest in the Indiana Farmer. While it is not in the usual sense the organ of any of the various farmers' organizations it warmly espouses the cause of all, and of farmers in general. May we not hear, through the Farmer, from the leaders of the various farmers' organizations, State, county and local, and from wide-awake farmera generally, as to the desirability and feasibility of an INDIANA PARMER LEAGUE? And may there not also be a full aud free discussion pro and con of the merits of the various measures, for the relief of the farming classes or for the encouragement of Agriclture, -which the farmers themselves have to propose ? W. C Latta. Lafayette, April 23d. |
Tags
Comments
Post a Comment for Page 1