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VOL. XXVI. \S ,/ INDIANAPOLIS, IND., OCT. 17,1891. NO. 42 Written for the Indiana Farmer. " An Indiana Autumn. BY ALFBBD I. TOWNSE.D. The dying leaves, their summer'*, duty oVr. Now tinge the woods with Autumn's crimson hue. The walnut trees display their winter's store, I.Ike infant worlds, against the heaven's blue. The squirrels scamper quickly to and fro, Each gathering his store ot winter food. The happy children through the forest go, Like busy squirrels of another brood. The red haw. lends again Its crimson blush, To brighten limbs of gray, and sombre brown;— While yellow tinges, ln the lowly brush, Beveals the ripened pawpaw, hanging down. The hickory nnts. come rattling from the boughs, While acorns patter down like driving sleet. With hair unruffled, stand the lowing cows, And calves go frisking round, with flying Uet. Tbe corn shocks, stand like tents upon tbe Held, The barns, are bursting with thelrgarnered grain. The apples, have theirjuicy lips unsealed. And shed their amber tear, like rain. Thesnn, now hides behind the flying clouds,— And now shines forth, with faint and yellow rays. The fallen leaves, go rustling by In crowds, Until the tickle wind their passage stays. Summer is dead,—and o'er her new made grave, The sorrowing trees now shed their leaves, like tears. But In the ripened fruits her dying grave, We taste the summer Joys of coming years. Los Angeles, California. . Fall Preparation. IPaper read at last meeting of the Marlon county A. and H. Society by Theo. Wilson.] This subject Is an Important one, and shonld interest horticulturists generally. Good soils play a large part in growing fine fruits. Every home horticulturist who wants fine and highly flavored fruits, should study the nature of his soil, Its requirements and its adaptability to. produce certain kinds of fruits; and there is no better time for reflection on this most important subject than now. ^ -Of all the farm crops I have ever tried to produce, on the average, none will yield one half as much money to the acre ta will a good strawberry patch, apple, pear, or cherry orchard, properly managed by an intelligent horiioalturlst. When God created the earth, he left it in a crude state. When he created man he made him an intelligent being with reasoning faculties. This knack, skill or ability which man alone possssses, enables him by practice and ojmmon sense, aided by nature to take this crude soil and mold it to suit the requirements of tho different fruits he may desire to produce. E very fruit gro w- «r who aspires to success, gets there by the knack of intelligence. To-day the man that plants his apple, pear, cherry, or any other kind of fruit tree, on soil unprepared, or in a crude state, is left. It is a common practice among farmers and slothful horticulturists generally, to order trees every year from nurserymen, or buy from agents and transplant them in the unprepared soil as nature left it. Here they receive no cultivation, no fertilizers. no attention or encouragement whatever, The grass and weeds spring up, and absorb the moisture and steal the food from the soil. Tbe tree, if it grows at all, looks just like the fellow who set it out. After many years of experience, patience and practice In planting and growing the various kinds of small and large fruits, I find the fall the proper time to prepare the ground for the future orchard or berry patch. Select a track of suitable land for these fruits, aud if not previously heavily manured, haul at least 30 or 40 tons of well rotted barn yard manure to the acre and spread it evenly over the surface, and then with a two horse plow turn this under and leave it until the following spring. When this ground is rebroken In the spring, and the manure properly Incorporated with the soil, it gives ns a good bed for trees or plants to grow in. If the trees or plants We to be set in the fall, the ground should be enriched, if not previously made so, and then put in the best possible condition by plowing, harrowing and dragging. I find the best time to set fruit trees is the fall. In the fall we generally are not pushed with work as we are in the spring and can take more time in the transplanting of the trees, and do the work better. In the fall we generally find the ground in much better condition to work than we do in early spring. I find that trees planted in the fall if properly done in a well prepared soil, make the following year, twice the growth of trees planted late in the spring. We all have time to plant trees in the fall, but many of us put it cff until spring. When spring comes we are so pushed with other work we postpone planting until another year, and then perhaps find some excuse and not plant at all. There is no danger of losing a tree or by transplanting in the fall, if properly done and the tree or plant protected. Trees planted in the fall should be banked up about the trunk eight or ten inches with earth. Small fruits need a mulch of straw .manure applied late in the fall and removedjwhen warm weather comes in the spring. Blackberries, raspberries, currants and gooseberries should be planted in the fall. They all start to grow very early in the spring, and here iu Indiana we often have our heavy rains in the spring and do not find the ground In condition to work so soon. The fall of the year is the best time to do our pruning. After the wood has matured and hardened we should attend to this important work. Grape vines and fruit trees pruned in the fall soon recover from the wound** and when healed over the wood is solid, while those pruned in the spring often, if not always, take on a soft rot and the tree soon perishes. What can be done on a fruit farm, as well or better in the fall, should never be left until spring, and then perhaps not done at all. The fall is the best time for the small fruit grower to lay in his supplies of berry cases, and to build and repair his packing houses. Berry cases can be bought in the fall at half what they will cost in the berry season. Many of our commission men, having new and second hand cases left over, will sell them this time of year very cheap to make storage room for potatoes, apples, etc. The fall is the best time to engage your hands to work on your fruit farm the following summer. If you delay this matter until your fruits are ready to be gathered, you often have to pick up raw recruits, persons inexperienced in the picking and handling of fruits. Good berry pickers nearly always have a contract ahead, and If you do not engage them In the fall you will not find them when you want them in berry season. The fall is the proper time to make arrangements for the disposition of your fruits another year. If you are going to let a commission man handle a part or all of your fruits go to him now and make a contract with him, and he will furnish you cases at reduced rates, and stands free. These you can haul home this fall and store in your picking houses for future use. If you propose to sell your fruits on the streets, now is the time to map out the district you intend to sell over. Do not take in too mueh territory, just what you can go over in about four or five hours. Go over this district every fore noon with your fine fresh berries and you will have no trouble in finding customers to buy your whole load at a good price. Strawberry beds should be well mulched late In the fall with clean wheat straw or manure free from seeds. Some berry growers wait until spring to do their mulching and then do not do it at all. The fall is the best Ume to haul out a good supply of manure for your fruit farm. "If you want the old cow to give milk, feed her well." If you want fine fruit and plenty cf it, feed your trees, and don't do it sparingly. If you want to become a successful horticulturist make good use of your opportunities. Put your wits to work, It is Intelligence that tells in the end. Plant your fruit tree Beads in the fail. Plant only those of the best varieties that can be secured. Remember it is the strain of blood in a Jersey cow that tells. THE SEED. "A wonderfu* thing ls a seed, The one thing deathless forever. The one thing changeless—utterly true, Forever old a..d forever new. And fickle and faithless never. ' Plant blessings and blessings will bloom; Plant hate acd hate will grow. You can sow to-day, to-morrow shall bring The bloom that shows what sort of a thing Js the seed, the seed that you sow." [Lord Beouhuton. Recommends it to his Neighbors. Editors Indiana Farmer: . I can say I am well pleased with the Economy sewing machine I bought from you last January. I have loi ked at the machines they have for sale at $35, and the Economy, as far as I can tell, seems to be every bit as good as theirs. I have been recommending it to my neighbors. John McFarland. Medary ville, Indiana. The Wheat In Market. Editors Indiana Farmer: - The bulls and bears in the wheat pits at New York, Chicago, Minneapolis, St. Louis, Cincinnati and elsewhere are still engaged in warfare, and now that London, Havre, Antwerp, and other foreign ports of entry for the grain shipped from this side, have ceased purchasing in this market temporarily, the bears have begun to taunt the bulls with having pnt up prices so high as to check the movement, in short, with having something like designs on the goose which is willing to go on laying golden eggs. The bulls, or most of them, maintain that Europe has got to take all the wheat the United States will have to spare in 1891-1892, whether the total be 190,000,000 or 200,000,000"bushels or more; whereas the the bears insist that prices must go otl or Europe will not buy to the extent it ortherwise would; In short, that Europe will curtail its consumption of wheat If the grain is to cost too much. It is worth not ing how thoughtful and foresighted the bears are. Now, lest some one who is not used to the jargon of the market place be led astray by the expression a "deficiency in the world's supplies" of wheat, let it be explained that the word is only used relatively and that a nominal deficiency is all that Is referred to. As put by a New York dally newspaper which pays more attention to wheat than any other daily in that city:—"The question is how much less wheat 200,000,000 people in a few of the most populous countries of Europe will consume this year, when their crops have proved a disastrous failure and their industries are postrated and prices are high, tban they usually consume. He would be a bold man Indeed who would venture to predict that the consumption would not vary as much as half a bushel for each inhabitant, from the average, and yet a variation no greater than this would suffice to clear away whatever supposed deficit in European supply the figures have yet disclosed." Your correspondent does not propose to get up a controversy with the writer of the foregoing, bnt one of the oldest members of the New York grain trade, a thoroughly representative member also, Mr. Henry T. Kneeling, views the subject from what is called by some a bull standpoint. He says: "The defiolency lu the foreign wheat harvests seems greater now than It was estimated two months ago; while the supply from America, owing to magnificent harvests, H greater than was estimated to be probable at that time." "Tell us about prices, please, and their probable effect on consumption." "The price of wheat ia not h'gh. The theory that high prices reduce consumption is merely a theory. Neither do low prices increase it. I have studied the statistics for a generation, and I have never found there was any material decrease in the consumption of wheat owing to high prices, nor any material increase in its consumption owing to low prices. Professor Cairn, in his work on "Political Economy" mentions this fact, and he went on to say that while high prices of meat, say beef, restricts consumption materially, there is no evidence that an advance or a decline in the price of wheat changes the consumption materially either way. It is this fact that makes speculation in breadstuff** so excaedingly attractive. The pric-3 at which one crop is marketed, even if it be a small crop bears no relation to the price at which a much larger crop the ensuing year may be marketed." "What of the so-called world's supply of wheat?" '•I holdto the opinion that it is conclusive, from all the evidence before us, that there is less wheat In the world to-day than there was one year ago; and that prices must reach a high range during the ensuing crop year, and be maintained at that high range of values because of the deficiency in the rye crop in Russia,which materially it creases the consumption of wheat." Now, that is good bull doctrine, of course, but whether the views set fourth will prove true or not the month of July, 1892, will probably reveal to us. Within the past week there has been a marked im provement in the feeling among speculators, investors and others in Wall Street. This has been caused primarily by the awakened interest in American rail and other securities in London and on the Continent of Europe. The prospects for a good year for American carriers are easy to be seen even by foreigners, and whenever there is something in sight wh'ch ts reasonably like "a sure thing" our English and Continental friends can almost always be found to have something left to invest, even if the times are a little hard so soon after the Argentine crash. Prospective English and other foreign purchasers of American securities are such, in view of those already made that the one remaining bugbear in the street has been practically removed. I refer to the fear that foreigners might seek to pay us for our wheat with our own securities, thus presenting the return of gold. The street takes it to mean that with Europe buying American shares and bonds and wheat, she must pay for part in gold. The weakening foreign exchange rates encourage this view also, and it will not require much more to find stocks and wheat going up in price together, something which has not happened before since the boom in 1879-'83. Real estate investors are waiting to be assured of the upward movement, and should the demand for iron start up, prices would be likely to tend upwards all along the line. Albkbt C. Stevens. New York, August 27. No Fanlt to Find. Editors Indiana Farmer: We are well pleased with the Economy sewing machine. Have used it nine months and have no fault to find. Will also say that we like the Farmer very much. Wilber Creek. Yoeman, Ind.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1891, v. 26, no. 42 (Oct. 17) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA2642 |
Date of Original | 1891 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-01-18 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | VOL. XXVI. \S ,/ INDIANAPOLIS, IND., OCT. 17,1891. NO. 42 Written for the Indiana Farmer. " An Indiana Autumn. BY ALFBBD I. TOWNSE.D. The dying leaves, their summer'*, duty oVr. Now tinge the woods with Autumn's crimson hue. The walnut trees display their winter's store, I.Ike infant worlds, against the heaven's blue. The squirrels scamper quickly to and fro, Each gathering his store ot winter food. The happy children through the forest go, Like busy squirrels of another brood. The red haw. lends again Its crimson blush, To brighten limbs of gray, and sombre brown;— While yellow tinges, ln the lowly brush, Beveals the ripened pawpaw, hanging down. The hickory nnts. come rattling from the boughs, While acorns patter down like driving sleet. With hair unruffled, stand the lowing cows, And calves go frisking round, with flying Uet. Tbe corn shocks, stand like tents upon tbe Held, The barns, are bursting with thelrgarnered grain. The apples, have theirjuicy lips unsealed. And shed their amber tear, like rain. Thesnn, now hides behind the flying clouds,— And now shines forth, with faint and yellow rays. The fallen leaves, go rustling by In crowds, Until the tickle wind their passage stays. Summer is dead,—and o'er her new made grave, The sorrowing trees now shed their leaves, like tears. But In the ripened fruits her dying grave, We taste the summer Joys of coming years. Los Angeles, California. . Fall Preparation. IPaper read at last meeting of the Marlon county A. and H. Society by Theo. Wilson.] This subject Is an Important one, and shonld interest horticulturists generally. Good soils play a large part in growing fine fruits. Every home horticulturist who wants fine and highly flavored fruits, should study the nature of his soil, Its requirements and its adaptability to. produce certain kinds of fruits; and there is no better time for reflection on this most important subject than now. ^ -Of all the farm crops I have ever tried to produce, on the average, none will yield one half as much money to the acre ta will a good strawberry patch, apple, pear, or cherry orchard, properly managed by an intelligent horiioalturlst. When God created the earth, he left it in a crude state. When he created man he made him an intelligent being with reasoning faculties. This knack, skill or ability which man alone possssses, enables him by practice and ojmmon sense, aided by nature to take this crude soil and mold it to suit the requirements of tho different fruits he may desire to produce. E very fruit gro w- «r who aspires to success, gets there by the knack of intelligence. To-day the man that plants his apple, pear, cherry, or any other kind of fruit tree, on soil unprepared, or in a crude state, is left. It is a common practice among farmers and slothful horticulturists generally, to order trees every year from nurserymen, or buy from agents and transplant them in the unprepared soil as nature left it. Here they receive no cultivation, no fertilizers. no attention or encouragement whatever, The grass and weeds spring up, and absorb the moisture and steal the food from the soil. Tbe tree, if it grows at all, looks just like the fellow who set it out. After many years of experience, patience and practice In planting and growing the various kinds of small and large fruits, I find the fall the proper time to prepare the ground for the future orchard or berry patch. Select a track of suitable land for these fruits, aud if not previously heavily manured, haul at least 30 or 40 tons of well rotted barn yard manure to the acre and spread it evenly over the surface, and then with a two horse plow turn this under and leave it until the following spring. When this ground is rebroken In the spring, and the manure properly Incorporated with the soil, it gives ns a good bed for trees or plants to grow in. If the trees or plants We to be set in the fall, the ground should be enriched, if not previously made so, and then put in the best possible condition by plowing, harrowing and dragging. I find the best time to set fruit trees is the fall. In the fall we generally are not pushed with work as we are in the spring and can take more time in the transplanting of the trees, and do the work better. In the fall we generally find the ground in much better condition to work than we do in early spring. I find that trees planted in the fall if properly done in a well prepared soil, make the following year, twice the growth of trees planted late in the spring. We all have time to plant trees in the fall, but many of us put it cff until spring. When spring comes we are so pushed with other work we postpone planting until another year, and then perhaps find some excuse and not plant at all. There is no danger of losing a tree or by transplanting in the fall, if properly done and the tree or plant protected. Trees planted in the fall should be banked up about the trunk eight or ten inches with earth. Small fruits need a mulch of straw .manure applied late in the fall and removedjwhen warm weather comes in the spring. Blackberries, raspberries, currants and gooseberries should be planted in the fall. They all start to grow very early in the spring, and here iu Indiana we often have our heavy rains in the spring and do not find the ground In condition to work so soon. The fall of the year is the best time to do our pruning. After the wood has matured and hardened we should attend to this important work. Grape vines and fruit trees pruned in the fall soon recover from the wound** and when healed over the wood is solid, while those pruned in the spring often, if not always, take on a soft rot and the tree soon perishes. What can be done on a fruit farm, as well or better in the fall, should never be left until spring, and then perhaps not done at all. The fall is the best time for the small fruit grower to lay in his supplies of berry cases, and to build and repair his packing houses. Berry cases can be bought in the fall at half what they will cost in the berry season. Many of our commission men, having new and second hand cases left over, will sell them this time of year very cheap to make storage room for potatoes, apples, etc. The fall is the best time to engage your hands to work on your fruit farm the following summer. If you delay this matter until your fruits are ready to be gathered, you often have to pick up raw recruits, persons inexperienced in the picking and handling of fruits. Good berry pickers nearly always have a contract ahead, and If you do not engage them In the fall you will not find them when you want them in berry season. The fall is the proper time to make arrangements for the disposition of your fruits another year. If you are going to let a commission man handle a part or all of your fruits go to him now and make a contract with him, and he will furnish you cases at reduced rates, and stands free. These you can haul home this fall and store in your picking houses for future use. If you propose to sell your fruits on the streets, now is the time to map out the district you intend to sell over. Do not take in too mueh territory, just what you can go over in about four or five hours. Go over this district every fore noon with your fine fresh berries and you will have no trouble in finding customers to buy your whole load at a good price. Strawberry beds should be well mulched late In the fall with clean wheat straw or manure free from seeds. Some berry growers wait until spring to do their mulching and then do not do it at all. The fall is the best Ume to haul out a good supply of manure for your fruit farm. "If you want the old cow to give milk, feed her well." If you want fine fruit and plenty cf it, feed your trees, and don't do it sparingly. If you want to become a successful horticulturist make good use of your opportunities. Put your wits to work, It is Intelligence that tells in the end. Plant your fruit tree Beads in the fail. Plant only those of the best varieties that can be secured. Remember it is the strain of blood in a Jersey cow that tells. THE SEED. "A wonderfu* thing ls a seed, The one thing deathless forever. The one thing changeless—utterly true, Forever old a..d forever new. And fickle and faithless never. ' Plant blessings and blessings will bloom; Plant hate acd hate will grow. You can sow to-day, to-morrow shall bring The bloom that shows what sort of a thing Js the seed, the seed that you sow." [Lord Beouhuton. Recommends it to his Neighbors. Editors Indiana Farmer: . I can say I am well pleased with the Economy sewing machine I bought from you last January. I have loi ked at the machines they have for sale at $35, and the Economy, as far as I can tell, seems to be every bit as good as theirs. I have been recommending it to my neighbors. John McFarland. Medary ville, Indiana. The Wheat In Market. Editors Indiana Farmer: - The bulls and bears in the wheat pits at New York, Chicago, Minneapolis, St. Louis, Cincinnati and elsewhere are still engaged in warfare, and now that London, Havre, Antwerp, and other foreign ports of entry for the grain shipped from this side, have ceased purchasing in this market temporarily, the bears have begun to taunt the bulls with having pnt up prices so high as to check the movement, in short, with having something like designs on the goose which is willing to go on laying golden eggs. The bulls, or most of them, maintain that Europe has got to take all the wheat the United States will have to spare in 1891-1892, whether the total be 190,000,000 or 200,000,000"bushels or more; whereas the the bears insist that prices must go otl or Europe will not buy to the extent it ortherwise would; In short, that Europe will curtail its consumption of wheat If the grain is to cost too much. It is worth not ing how thoughtful and foresighted the bears are. Now, lest some one who is not used to the jargon of the market place be led astray by the expression a "deficiency in the world's supplies" of wheat, let it be explained that the word is only used relatively and that a nominal deficiency is all that Is referred to. As put by a New York dally newspaper which pays more attention to wheat than any other daily in that city:—"The question is how much less wheat 200,000,000 people in a few of the most populous countries of Europe will consume this year, when their crops have proved a disastrous failure and their industries are postrated and prices are high, tban they usually consume. He would be a bold man Indeed who would venture to predict that the consumption would not vary as much as half a bushel for each inhabitant, from the average, and yet a variation no greater than this would suffice to clear away whatever supposed deficit in European supply the figures have yet disclosed." Your correspondent does not propose to get up a controversy with the writer of the foregoing, bnt one of the oldest members of the New York grain trade, a thoroughly representative member also, Mr. Henry T. Kneeling, views the subject from what is called by some a bull standpoint. He says: "The defiolency lu the foreign wheat harvests seems greater now than It was estimated two months ago; while the supply from America, owing to magnificent harvests, H greater than was estimated to be probable at that time." "Tell us about prices, please, and their probable effect on consumption." "The price of wheat ia not h'gh. The theory that high prices reduce consumption is merely a theory. Neither do low prices increase it. I have studied the statistics for a generation, and I have never found there was any material decrease in the consumption of wheat owing to high prices, nor any material increase in its consumption owing to low prices. Professor Cairn, in his work on "Political Economy" mentions this fact, and he went on to say that while high prices of meat, say beef, restricts consumption materially, there is no evidence that an advance or a decline in the price of wheat changes the consumption materially either way. It is this fact that makes speculation in breadstuff** so excaedingly attractive. The pric-3 at which one crop is marketed, even if it be a small crop bears no relation to the price at which a much larger crop the ensuing year may be marketed." "What of the so-called world's supply of wheat?" '•I holdto the opinion that it is conclusive, from all the evidence before us, that there is less wheat In the world to-day than there was one year ago; and that prices must reach a high range during the ensuing crop year, and be maintained at that high range of values because of the deficiency in the rye crop in Russia,which materially it creases the consumption of wheat." Now, that is good bull doctrine, of course, but whether the views set fourth will prove true or not the month of July, 1892, will probably reveal to us. Within the past week there has been a marked im provement in the feeling among speculators, investors and others in Wall Street. This has been caused primarily by the awakened interest in American rail and other securities in London and on the Continent of Europe. The prospects for a good year for American carriers are easy to be seen even by foreigners, and whenever there is something in sight wh'ch ts reasonably like "a sure thing" our English and Continental friends can almost always be found to have something left to invest, even if the times are a little hard so soon after the Argentine crash. Prospective English and other foreign purchasers of American securities are such, in view of those already made that the one remaining bugbear in the street has been practically removed. I refer to the fear that foreigners might seek to pay us for our wheat with our own securities, thus presenting the return of gold. The street takes it to mean that with Europe buying American shares and bonds and wheat, she must pay for part in gold. The weakening foreign exchange rates encourage this view also, and it will not require much more to find stocks and wheat going up in price together, something which has not happened before since the boom in 1879-'83. Real estate investors are waiting to be assured of the upward movement, and should the demand for iron start up, prices would be likely to tend upwards all along the line. Albkbt C. Stevens. New York, August 27. No Fanlt to Find. Editors Indiana Farmer: We are well pleased with the Economy sewing machine. Have used it nine months and have no fault to find. Will also say that we like the Farmer very much. Wilber Creek. Yoeman, Ind. |
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