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VOL. XXVI. -Vcj.\^_\y INDIANAPOLIS, IND., FEB. 14, 1891. NO. 7 Cutworms and Crane-flies. Editors Indiana Farmer: In conversation with farmers located in various sections of the State, I find that frequently a misunderstanding exists in regard to these two groups of injurious insects, which we very much need to rectify. Cutworms, as is well known, comprise an exceedingly destructive group of insects, while the larva) or maggots of crane-flies, though perhaps not less injurious, are only just coming to the front, as pests of the grain, clover and grass fields. Therefore, it is more than ever necessary to be able to clearly distinguish them, in all of their stages of development, especially as there is a fair prospect that the ravages of crane fly larva;, in grain fields at least, will not be difficult to control. . -: Fljr. 1. Different stages of the cutworm; a, full grown worm; b, bead; c, d, dorsal and lateral view of the middle Joint enlarged; e, portion of skin more en- 'mr&rd t-*>,how spinous surface; f, pupa; tt, enlaced anal tip of pupa; h, male moth. [After Riley.] "Cutworms. Fig. 1, a, are partly developed offspring of large, heavy-bodied moths or millers, Fig. 1, h, and belong to the same order of insects as do the tent caterpillar. Army worm and Codlin moth. They have well developed heads, Fig. l,b, with jaws fitted for gnawing, and six welldeveloped feet, situated on the first three segments of the body just back of the head. The skin is more or less covered with sparsely placed bristles or short, stiff hairs. The eggs from which these originate are deposited, as a rule, late in summer, the worms wintering over half or two-thirds grown, finishing their development the following spring. When full fed, they transform in the ground to brown chrysalids. Fig. 1, f, from which the fully developed insect emerges. ing replaced by a couple of stout hooks, with which tho maggots scratch their food plant and suck the juices; they are also without feet. The pupa Fig. 2, b, is entirely different in appearance from the chrysalids of the cut worm, and, besides, it is placed in the ground in an upright position, and just before the fly emerges it works itself nearly half its length above the surface of the ground. So far as I have stud'eJ the insects there are two broods each year, eggs being laid in spring and fall, and maggots wintering over, like tho cutworms, in a partly grown state, finishing thoii development in the spring, and the adult iiies from these depositing eggs, from which a second brood of flies originate in the fall. A favorite place for the females to deposit their eggs, appears to bs the clover fields, and there is little doubt but what if truth could be learned, considerable damage both to clover and yourjg wheat, where the latter is grown on clover sod, is done by these larva.*, and, by the farmers at least, attributed to the weather. The eflest of these larvre on wheat and clover, in the spring, is very similar to tbat of winter killing, except that the plants are not heaved out of the soil. Where wheat is sowed upon late plowed clover sod, or in case clover has killed without being hove out by the frost, I would strongly urge an examination of the plants, in early spring, to see if they have not really died from injury below ground, caused by these maggots. In all cases these insects are here figured in very nearly life siz*-, and it is hoped that this note may thus be instrumental in enabling farmers to clearly separate the two insects. Also I am very desirous of learning of any injury to wheat or other grain following clover, the cause thereof not being clearly perceptible, or accounted for by reason of meteorological influences, and shall probably be able to visit in person, any such fields reported to me. F. M. Webster. Experiment Station, _afayette, Janu ary 31st. John Howk's §3,000 farm residence, near Rockport, burned Thursday last. A vein of coal four feet thick, has been struck, 75 feet down, at .Saline.City. Crane-flies are entirely different insects, belonging in the same order of insects as the Hessian fly and mosquito, to which theyjbear a general resemblance. I have frequently heard farmers speak of these as cutworm files, though in none of their stages do they resemble, in any way, those ot the cutworm. The adult fly is shown in Fig. 2, c, the larva* or maggot, Fig. 2, a, are of a dirty white color without head or feet, the front of the body being capable of contraction and is without hair or bristles. They have no jaws, these be- Fig. 2. Crane-rly; a, larva, b, pupa; c, adult. [After Weed.] TnE activity of farmers, especially concerning game laws, has called forth a, meetiDg of local sportsmen, at Lafayette, who "propose to have something to say, concerning the new law," as per a letter just received from a Tippecanoe County reader. We believe there; is no reason to be alarmed, as the farmers make only a reasonable demand, and it will, no doubt, be granted. "Written permission," will be the way the law will read. Thorntown is to establish a creamery. INDIANA LEGISLATURE. What has Been Accomplished--The Fee and Salary Bill--Tardy and Negligent Legislators Still Hampering Business—World's Fair Bills, etc. With Saturday last, the flrst half of our Legislature season expired, and of the 700 odd bills that have been introduced only 12 have become laws. In no other avocation of life is the familiar phrase "time is money" so practically and efficiently illustrated as in onr general Assembly. To calculate at a low estimate every minute of wasted time means ?2 irreparably lost to the tax-payer; and yet it seems to be just "the thing" for legislators to be "a little late." As an example the House was billed to open last Monday morning at 10 o'clock, but upon calling the House together it was discovered that not even a quorum was present. So it was adjourned till 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and then there were hardly enough to get into running order. We also refer to last Friday when only 20 members answered to the roll call—making it necessary to adjourn for the week. A great deal of time has been foolishly wasted in long and aimless orations by noisy and egotistical "law-makers." At times when moments are so costly, less of this kind of "shining" would be more appropriately in order. As a business assembly our present one, judging from the past half session, has been a most expensive luxury to the people of Indiana —and with but little to its credit. There is yet time, however, for a great deal of good and worthy legislation; we await with no little impatience future results. During the past week the following bills were introduced in the Senate: Senator Smith: a bill compelling dog- owners to register with trustees. Senator Moore: providing that township gravel roads be divided into three divisions, to be let out by commissioners. Senator Clemens: a bill for the better protection of the property of persons of unsouna mind. Senator Ewing: "State Board" bill,— which was to have been the special topic Monday, but was postponed till Wednes day, on account of negligence in having it printed, as ordered. Nothing of importance has seen accomplished however, up to the time of going to press this, Tuesday, afternoon. In the House the following bills have been introduced: Mr. Faulkner's: providing for the discharge of life-term prisoners, at the expiration of 20 years if their conduct has been meritorious. Mr. Cullop: providing for the taxation of the capital stock of business corporations. Mr. Branstetter: Providing a penalty for the killing of quails, except between Nov. 15th and Dec. 30th; also upon Sundays. One of small purport, including wild turkeys, prairie hens, woodcocks and ducks and geese, was introduced by Mr. Haggart. Mr. Osterman: regulating the transportation of freight by railroad companies and common carriers, providing that they shall not charge a greater proportionate rate for short distances than for long. Mr. Howard: providing for a revision of the present tax law, to secure an assessment of property at its actual cash value. It prohibits the re-election of township assessors to a second term. The bill also provides for a county assessor to look after omitted property. Mr. Llndemuth: providing for the appointment of Indiana commissioners to the World's Fair, and appropriating §200,- 000 towards Indiana's exhibition. A resolution was introduced Friday by Mr. Gutherie, of Delaware county, reminding the solemn and dignified "makers of law" that time was fleeiDg and business pressing; the resolution was tabled. Chairman Faulkner, of the southern prison committee, reported everything "lovely" at that enviable institution, and recommended that the warden's salary be increased from ?1,600 to $2,000, and that of his deputy from ?800 to $1,000, per year. The House committee on temperance has not had a meeting yet and shows no disposition that way—although a number of bills have long been waiting their consideration. Mr. Gent is chairman. Mr. French's six pr-r cent interest bill was virtually defeated by the rejection of a vital amendment, Thursday last. Tho vote resulted in 22 ayes and 21 nays. (The roll-call is on file, and if any interested reader wishes, we will upon request send them a duplicate copy.) The bill was finally "tabled." It is to be hoped that something will be done this week in regard to the Fee and Salary bill. The bill was reported to the House by its committee, Friday last, and ordered printed, but it has not as yet, been reported to the Senate, though it is hoped it will be before the week is out. There is some talk among the members as to its being unconstitutional and there is no doubt but that every means will be taken to defeat its passage. (See editorial elsewhere.) In the House, Messrs. Aikman, Officer, Rude, Still, Thompson (of Marshall Co.),, and Wells have introduced no bills. In this respect Judge Glessner, of Shelby Co. has led, having introduced 19; Mr. Fip- pen coming next with 15; Cullop with 14; Lindemuth, 13, and McCullough, 10. The Fee and Salary bill was introduced in the .Senate Tuesday morning. There were 32 members in the joint committee. The Dog law was also reported, tho committee being unanimously in favor of it. The House has 18 doorkeepers, at _4 per day; the Senate, 19 at ?5 per day. This, we understand, is several more than the law allows. WHAT THEY SAT. Mr. H. M. Creviston, Marion, Ind., who has been advertising chicks and turkeys in the Indiana Farmer, fays: "Thanks. The Indiana Farmer is the paper to advertise in. I have sold a fine lot of breeding birds this season through my advertising in it." Another advertiser, of pigs, writes: "I receive more enquiries and orders through my advertising in the Indiana Farmer than from the three other papers. I use, combined. It is the paper to adven- tise live stock in." In the search of phosphates, many discoveries havo been made which have added materially to the wealth of fair Florida, but probably the most interesting one is the find of a deposit of genuine meerschaum. The farmers in several localities are getting the canning craze. Because the business of growing tomatoes, peas, sweet corn, etc., has paid fairly well in the vicinity of certain large canning factories, they have the idea that they must have a factory too and devote their land to these crops. This may be wise and possibly it may be otherwise. If the canning business increases too rapidly and canned goods become a drug on the market the companies would not be able to pay the farmers for their vegetables, and these being largely of a perishable nature, their _ season's work would be lost. We think the supply of such goods is pretty well up to the demand, and do not advise farmers generally to depart from the usual routine of cropping.
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1891, v. 26, no. 07 (Feb. 14) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA2607 |
Date of Original | 1891 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2011-01-13 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | VOL. XXVI. -Vcj.\^_\y INDIANAPOLIS, IND., FEB. 14, 1891. NO. 7 Cutworms and Crane-flies. Editors Indiana Farmer: In conversation with farmers located in various sections of the State, I find that frequently a misunderstanding exists in regard to these two groups of injurious insects, which we very much need to rectify. Cutworms, as is well known, comprise an exceedingly destructive group of insects, while the larva) or maggots of crane-flies, though perhaps not less injurious, are only just coming to the front, as pests of the grain, clover and grass fields. Therefore, it is more than ever necessary to be able to clearly distinguish them, in all of their stages of development, especially as there is a fair prospect that the ravages of crane fly larva;, in grain fields at least, will not be difficult to control. . -: Fljr. 1. Different stages of the cutworm; a, full grown worm; b, bead; c, d, dorsal and lateral view of the middle Joint enlarged; e, portion of skin more en- 'mr&rd t-*>,how spinous surface; f, pupa; tt, enlaced anal tip of pupa; h, male moth. [After Riley.] "Cutworms. Fig. 1, a, are partly developed offspring of large, heavy-bodied moths or millers, Fig. 1, h, and belong to the same order of insects as do the tent caterpillar. Army worm and Codlin moth. They have well developed heads, Fig. l,b, with jaws fitted for gnawing, and six welldeveloped feet, situated on the first three segments of the body just back of the head. The skin is more or less covered with sparsely placed bristles or short, stiff hairs. The eggs from which these originate are deposited, as a rule, late in summer, the worms wintering over half or two-thirds grown, finishing their development the following spring. When full fed, they transform in the ground to brown chrysalids. Fig. 1, f, from which the fully developed insect emerges. ing replaced by a couple of stout hooks, with which tho maggots scratch their food plant and suck the juices; they are also without feet. The pupa Fig. 2, b, is entirely different in appearance from the chrysalids of the cut worm, and, besides, it is placed in the ground in an upright position, and just before the fly emerges it works itself nearly half its length above the surface of the ground. So far as I have stud'eJ the insects there are two broods each year, eggs being laid in spring and fall, and maggots wintering over, like tho cutworms, in a partly grown state, finishing thoii development in the spring, and the adult iiies from these depositing eggs, from which a second brood of flies originate in the fall. A favorite place for the females to deposit their eggs, appears to bs the clover fields, and there is little doubt but what if truth could be learned, considerable damage both to clover and yourjg wheat, where the latter is grown on clover sod, is done by these larva.*, and, by the farmers at least, attributed to the weather. The eflest of these larvre on wheat and clover, in the spring, is very similar to tbat of winter killing, except that the plants are not heaved out of the soil. Where wheat is sowed upon late plowed clover sod, or in case clover has killed without being hove out by the frost, I would strongly urge an examination of the plants, in early spring, to see if they have not really died from injury below ground, caused by these maggots. In all cases these insects are here figured in very nearly life siz*-, and it is hoped that this note may thus be instrumental in enabling farmers to clearly separate the two insects. Also I am very desirous of learning of any injury to wheat or other grain following clover, the cause thereof not being clearly perceptible, or accounted for by reason of meteorological influences, and shall probably be able to visit in person, any such fields reported to me. F. M. Webster. Experiment Station, _afayette, Janu ary 31st. John Howk's §3,000 farm residence, near Rockport, burned Thursday last. A vein of coal four feet thick, has been struck, 75 feet down, at .Saline.City. Crane-flies are entirely different insects, belonging in the same order of insects as the Hessian fly and mosquito, to which theyjbear a general resemblance. I have frequently heard farmers speak of these as cutworm files, though in none of their stages do they resemble, in any way, those ot the cutworm. The adult fly is shown in Fig. 2, c, the larva* or maggot, Fig. 2, a, are of a dirty white color without head or feet, the front of the body being capable of contraction and is without hair or bristles. They have no jaws, these be- Fig. 2. Crane-rly; a, larva, b, pupa; c, adult. [After Weed.] TnE activity of farmers, especially concerning game laws, has called forth a, meetiDg of local sportsmen, at Lafayette, who "propose to have something to say, concerning the new law," as per a letter just received from a Tippecanoe County reader. We believe there; is no reason to be alarmed, as the farmers make only a reasonable demand, and it will, no doubt, be granted. "Written permission," will be the way the law will read. Thorntown is to establish a creamery. INDIANA LEGISLATURE. What has Been Accomplished--The Fee and Salary Bill--Tardy and Negligent Legislators Still Hampering Business—World's Fair Bills, etc. With Saturday last, the flrst half of our Legislature season expired, and of the 700 odd bills that have been introduced only 12 have become laws. In no other avocation of life is the familiar phrase "time is money" so practically and efficiently illustrated as in onr general Assembly. To calculate at a low estimate every minute of wasted time means ?2 irreparably lost to the tax-payer; and yet it seems to be just "the thing" for legislators to be "a little late." As an example the House was billed to open last Monday morning at 10 o'clock, but upon calling the House together it was discovered that not even a quorum was present. So it was adjourned till 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and then there were hardly enough to get into running order. We also refer to last Friday when only 20 members answered to the roll call—making it necessary to adjourn for the week. A great deal of time has been foolishly wasted in long and aimless orations by noisy and egotistical "law-makers." At times when moments are so costly, less of this kind of "shining" would be more appropriately in order. As a business assembly our present one, judging from the past half session, has been a most expensive luxury to the people of Indiana —and with but little to its credit. There is yet time, however, for a great deal of good and worthy legislation; we await with no little impatience future results. During the past week the following bills were introduced in the Senate: Senator Smith: a bill compelling dog- owners to register with trustees. Senator Moore: providing that township gravel roads be divided into three divisions, to be let out by commissioners. Senator Clemens: a bill for the better protection of the property of persons of unsouna mind. Senator Ewing: "State Board" bill,— which was to have been the special topic Monday, but was postponed till Wednes day, on account of negligence in having it printed, as ordered. Nothing of importance has seen accomplished however, up to the time of going to press this, Tuesday, afternoon. In the House the following bills have been introduced: Mr. Faulkner's: providing for the discharge of life-term prisoners, at the expiration of 20 years if their conduct has been meritorious. Mr. Cullop: providing for the taxation of the capital stock of business corporations. Mr. Branstetter: Providing a penalty for the killing of quails, except between Nov. 15th and Dec. 30th; also upon Sundays. One of small purport, including wild turkeys, prairie hens, woodcocks and ducks and geese, was introduced by Mr. Haggart. Mr. Osterman: regulating the transportation of freight by railroad companies and common carriers, providing that they shall not charge a greater proportionate rate for short distances than for long. Mr. Howard: providing for a revision of the present tax law, to secure an assessment of property at its actual cash value. It prohibits the re-election of township assessors to a second term. The bill also provides for a county assessor to look after omitted property. Mr. Llndemuth: providing for the appointment of Indiana commissioners to the World's Fair, and appropriating §200,- 000 towards Indiana's exhibition. A resolution was introduced Friday by Mr. Gutherie, of Delaware county, reminding the solemn and dignified "makers of law" that time was fleeiDg and business pressing; the resolution was tabled. Chairman Faulkner, of the southern prison committee, reported everything "lovely" at that enviable institution, and recommended that the warden's salary be increased from ?1,600 to $2,000, and that of his deputy from ?800 to $1,000, per year. The House committee on temperance has not had a meeting yet and shows no disposition that way—although a number of bills have long been waiting their consideration. Mr. Gent is chairman. Mr. French's six pr-r cent interest bill was virtually defeated by the rejection of a vital amendment, Thursday last. Tho vote resulted in 22 ayes and 21 nays. (The roll-call is on file, and if any interested reader wishes, we will upon request send them a duplicate copy.) The bill was finally "tabled." It is to be hoped that something will be done this week in regard to the Fee and Salary bill. The bill was reported to the House by its committee, Friday last, and ordered printed, but it has not as yet, been reported to the Senate, though it is hoped it will be before the week is out. There is some talk among the members as to its being unconstitutional and there is no doubt but that every means will be taken to defeat its passage. (See editorial elsewhere.) In the House, Messrs. Aikman, Officer, Rude, Still, Thompson (of Marshall Co.),, and Wells have introduced no bills. In this respect Judge Glessner, of Shelby Co. has led, having introduced 19; Mr. Fip- pen coming next with 15; Cullop with 14; Lindemuth, 13, and McCullough, 10. The Fee and Salary bill was introduced in the .Senate Tuesday morning. There were 32 members in the joint committee. The Dog law was also reported, tho committee being unanimously in favor of it. The House has 18 doorkeepers, at _4 per day; the Senate, 19 at ?5 per day. This, we understand, is several more than the law allows. WHAT THEY SAT. Mr. H. M. Creviston, Marion, Ind., who has been advertising chicks and turkeys in the Indiana Farmer, fays: "Thanks. The Indiana Farmer is the paper to advertise in. I have sold a fine lot of breeding birds this season through my advertising in it." Another advertiser, of pigs, writes: "I receive more enquiries and orders through my advertising in the Indiana Farmer than from the three other papers. I use, combined. It is the paper to adven- tise live stock in." In the search of phosphates, many discoveries havo been made which have added materially to the wealth of fair Florida, but probably the most interesting one is the find of a deposit of genuine meerschaum. The farmers in several localities are getting the canning craze. Because the business of growing tomatoes, peas, sweet corn, etc., has paid fairly well in the vicinity of certain large canning factories, they have the idea that they must have a factory too and devote their land to these crops. This may be wise and possibly it may be otherwise. If the canning business increases too rapidly and canned goods become a drug on the market the companies would not be able to pay the farmers for their vegetables, and these being largely of a perishable nature, their _ season's work would be lost. We think the supply of such goods is pretty well up to the demand, and do not advise farmers generally to depart from the usual routine of cropping. |
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