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gARDEKJ^ VOL. XIX. IT— 10 INDIANAPOLIS, IND., SATURDAY, JAN 12, 1884 NO. 2. <&mxz (&XQX0ZKi. INDIANA CANE GROWERS. Poll Report of Proceedings at Second Annual Session Held in this City, • December iM, 27 ond 28. Addresses by Members and Visitors. Discussions and Comments.—lVork * of the Association. [concluded.] We this week finish our report of the proceedings of tho Indiana Cano Growers, which was too long for publication entire •In any one number. W. L. ANDERSO-*, of Ladoga, read a paper upon "Steam Evaporators," explaining minutely the construction of the one ln uso by himself. The address was substantially as follows: Consistency, flavor and color determine the grade of any sorghum syrup. Tho . consistency and flavor are easy to regulate. For color we must have, "first, a good bleacher; second, a good evaporator. As far as tho evaporator is concerned, tlie ■'■"• --color-depends entirely on the rapidity with which the UqtrtrHaredaeed from. Juice to syrup, and therefore the best evaporator is the one that will reduce cane . juice to sorghum molasses in the shortest time. The reducing capacity of an evaporator depends on three things,—first,theamountof beating surface; second, the amount of evaporating surface; third, on the finishing capacity. Tho first condition, i. e., largo heating surface, I secure by having a large nnmber of heating pipes in my ovapora- tor; the second, bv Hanging tlie sides of the pan, so as to allow a largo surface for the bubbles and froth to spread over; and the third, by having mv pipes as closo together as is possible, leaving very little vacant space between tho pipes or lietween them: aud tho ends, sides and bottom of the pan, thus making it possible to finish a reasonable quantity of syrup in very quick time. With a pan" arranged as above, I have been very successful in evaporating my syrup, and tho cost of construction is riot so great as to deter any sorghum manufacturer from owning one. Following Mr. Anderson's address was a paper by J. A. FIELD, of St. Louis, upon the "Possibilities of the Northern Sugar Cano." Mr. Field's paper was too long for us to give an adequate report of it now. Wo are in possession of a complete copy of it, however, and will mako extracts from it ln tho future. In it, Mr. F. first rehearses tho history of sugar cane and sorghum in this country. lie says: Tho first sorghum seed brought to this country for commercial purposes was a I hogshead of Chinese sugar cane, black variety, Imported about thirty years ago by Maj. Edward Henry, of Hushing, Long Island, (now of Tennessee). This was sold In small lots to .persons all over the coun- ly, some of it selling as high as $10 per pound.. The next year after this, Leonard Wesy, an Englishman, imported what Is known as Impiiee seed,aud started a plantation for its growth in South Carolina. During the last thirty years tho cultivation of sorghum and the making of molasses therefrom has prevailed to a greater . or less extent In practically everv portion of the United Stau*., reaching in 1864, 3*30,- 070 acres, and according " to an estimate made of its product by Lewis S. Waro it amounted in lSOO to 511,565 pounds of sugar and over 16,000,000 gallons of molasses. The cultivation of the sorghum - plant rapidly declined for tho next ten Tears, and was almost entirely abandoned, but at length received fresh impetus, and Is now tlourishinjj. But,' says one, if you* make a success of It and< get everybody at It you will soon * i oven-toot tho __i__r__6t. Let" wis see how tliis is. Your own paper, tho Indiana Kakmch, ono of tho best agricultural pallors in tho United Slates, says, regarding tliis industry: "Tho most recent statlsticw show Unit in 1S82 our consumption of raw sugar amounted to 1,177,1'1'J tons of 2,210 pounds weight. Only ono-ciglith of this was produced at home, tho remaining seven-eighths being imported. The value of our lmiKjrtatioiiH iu 1S.M1 was as follows: Sugar and molasses, - - $ 88,4.-2,083 Unties on same, .... 47,981,033 Total, $i;M.,_l.r.,lI(J Tho gold and silver product of tho country in 18.S1 was $7*VSUO,000, showing that we jiay out for sugar and molasses alouo $o7,81o,110, moro than tho total amount of our gold and silver production." Because of tho fact that wc have not been able to produce more than ono-eightli of the sugar we consume, largo factories have been established for the manufacture of glucose, employing tho enormous capital of $15,000,000." Until this importation from abroad can be stopped and tho capital Invested iu glucose factories can bo turned to a better employment, we need have no fear of tho overstocking of the market. After referring to tho profits from North ern i_ane,Mr. Field inquires as to tho helps required to bring it to a profitable and universal cultivation, and says that State appropriations for tho encouragement of the growth of the Northern sugar cnuo, either by a premium for certain results, or by a. bounty ot a certain per cent on .tho vatuo'of tho'prcKtu'ct Is cJaified by some as tho best method of encouragement; others argue ' for a protection tariff, and depend upon that to give aid to the new enterprise, it soemed to him, however, that the greatest help in this matter is a littlo education, and an increase in faitli and a little earnest work in the proper direction. Our key to success in tho cultivation and manufacture of sugar from the Northern sugar cane, Is "Labor and Perseverance." DIl. II. W. WILEY, Chemist of the Department of Agriculture, delivered two lectures: One on tho evening of December 20, on the "Polarlscope, and its Tfses;" the other ou the next evening, on tho subject of the ".Sorghum Sugar Industry of the United States." Both lectures were handsomely illustrated by projections on a screen, the lecturer illustrating almost everything spoken of. Dr. Wiley began tho second lecture by stating thattho'objeet of his investigations on sorghum sugar cane had beon to get at the truth as to tho feasibility of sugar and syrup making. Tho sugar cane is composed of about 88 per cent! of water and 12 per cent, of cellulose. Tho latter makes an excellent paper pulp. Each ton of cane will make 150 pounds of paper as good as that mado from wood pulp. The water contains the sugar In solution. The lecturer projected on tho screen transverse and longitudinal sections of the sugar cane stalk, and gave a brief lesson on the endogenous structure of plants. The samo was done with the leaf. Other projections showed tho cano fields at Washington as affected by storms. The amber cane, owing to its ripeness, was most affected by tho winds. Prof. Wiley next illustrated on the screen the machinery used in cutting the cano into pieces from an eighth to a sixteenth of an inch in thickness, to prepare it for the diffusion process of extracting the juice by pouring ' water over the fino cut cane which is placed ln cells. The same process Is used abroad In extracting tho juice from beets, but has not before l>een applied to sugarcane. By this method Prof. Wiley got 01 per cent'of tho juice without crushing between rollers. Tlie lecturer next threw on the screen the Champaign sugar works, In which tho bagasse is used as furnace feed for evaporating. Prof. Weber complains that in spite of the tall chimney there is little economy in burning the wet bagasse. The workings of the Rio Grande factory", near Camden, N. J., wero shown in detail. A long tramway runs over tho thousand acre cano field and brings the cane fb the sugar-house. The tram costs *frV) a mile, but is a necessity in all large plantations. By tho system of defecation employed, two boys can take entire charge of tho evaporating works. Tho juice is collocted in a ii,000 gallon tank. The vacuum pans, crystallizing rooms and packing rooms were shown iu detail. A half mil. of hog pens, accommodating 1.000 hogs, was shown, Tho hogs were 'fat and clean. Their only food was cano st-cd, and their bed is thi' bagasse. Ono man takes caro of 300 hogs. One aero of cano furnishes seed enough for one hog, and tho hog iu return yields manure enough for one acre. At tho department cano fields, 300 tons raised on fifty acres furnished 1,000 bushels of seed. A ton of cano will furnish 100 'K.unds of seed. Prof. Wiley regarded it verv important that a cano bo selected which will ripen its seed. It is better economy to feed tho boiled seed to hogs and make the bagasse into mauuro than to burn the bagasse and seed. A lino Rnd varied series of views was shown of the department works at Washington, as well as of those at Champaign, 111., and Rio (irando, N. J. Prof. Wiley is satisfied that by tho crushing process, even with doublo rolling, less than IK) per cent of the juice is saved. Tlie liagassu acts as a blotting paper, and takes up the juice again as soon as it is crushed. Probably in the mills of tho world not over GO per cent of the juice is saved. Prof. Wiley is sanguine that by the diffusion process, which removes tho sugar from the unbroken cells, a much larger per cent of the sugar can bo saved. Samples of the exhausted cano were shown which "had not "irpartk'lo'of cane sugar when tested by the polariscope, although traces of grajx* sugar were left. In tho diffusion prows*, the cano is exhausted with warm water. The diffusion juice contains 40 per cent more water than the natural juice got by crushing, and so requires more boiling and moro fuel. By tne diffusion process Professor Wiley got 01 per cent of tbe total sugar, insteadnf CO ]KT cent by tho crushing process. It is a question "of which is cheaper, coal or sugar? The samo methods which apply- to beet sugar, Professor Wiley is satisfied, will apply to tho manufacture of cano sugar. Dr. Wiley cautioned his audience against overstating the possibilities of the sugar cano business. Although commonly reported that Champaign and Rio Grando made each a million pounds, this is largely overestimated. Kansas did not mako its own sugar. Not a million pounds were made last year in the United States—about half enough for one breakfast. Not all localities can produce sugar. Almost any part of tho United States can produce syrup profitably. The seed must lie improved, taking advantage of accidental variations, as that which produced tho amber cane, to secure the largest amount of sucrose and tho smallest amount of glucose. Tlie methods of expressing anil purifying tho juice must be studied, with.every varioty of soil and climate. Trot. Wiley felt assured that American money, grit and inventive genius would solve the problem, and tho United States would yet mako its own sugar instead of importing it. Tho lecture commandedthe profoundest attention, and went a long way towards convincing Indiana cano growers that lion. Geo. B. lairing was not so antagonistic to tho sorghum interests as he bas been commonly reported to be. In fact, Dr. Wiley stated" that Mr. Loring had mentioned in his letter of appointmont that his selection was mainly due to tho fact that ho was considered a proper person to investigate tho cane interests. With such an unqualified acknowledgment of tho importance of the sorghum interests, Dr. Loring certainly does not deserve tho censure he has received in that direction. CONCLCDINO SESSION. The following were elected honorary members of the association: Enoch Carey, Uurneyville, O., Thos. McQuiston. Morning Sun, O., Mr. Swart*, Edwardsvlllo, O., X. ,J. Colman. St. Louis, Mo., Marion Roll, Wood Station. O., M. Day, Mansfield, O., I*. A. Cpp, fcdgerton, O. , Remarks turned on the color of the syrup. Mr. Field: In tho St. Louis market, dark syrup is worth livo cents per gallon moro , than light. Mr. Anilonton: Can sell light colored best, although it tastes of chemicals. Peter Itaab: If the syrup Is properly cooked, chemicals are "not necessary to make it keep. Dr. Furnas: Tho use of chemicals gives a mellow, agreeable liavor. IIKI-OKT OF COHMITTKE on syrii'w and sugars: Wiiekkab: Tho difljeulty of classifying and grading tho syrup on'cxliibitlon is so great that your committee is unable to award the preference to any exhibitor; Therefore, resolved 1. That no award of excellence bo mado to any of tho exhibitors all of whoso samples possess many points of merit. 112. That it is the sense of this convention that flavor, color, clearness and density are all conditions that the manufacturer should consider and that no ono*of them should be sacrificed to the others. Tlie time for the next meeting was left for tho executive committee to decide and announco in due time. notes. Attention was called to the fact that tho Mississippi Valley Cane Growers' Association meets at St. ixiuls, Mo.. January 10,17 and 18. Arrangements with railroads and hotels will be announced as soon as made. A vote of thanks for interest manifested was tendered lo Prof. Wiley, .1. A. Field, Col. Colman and others. J. G. Kingsbury, of the Faii.mei*., addressed tho convention briefly, calling attention to the rapid growth of the sorghum Industry in our Slate, and stating that a department of the Iniiiana Fahmek is devoted to .the cane growers' business and that tho association is welcome to a froo uso of its columns. Association adjourned, subject to call of executive committee. "Why go "West? Editors Indiana Karnipr: I see that there are a great many emigrants going west from Indiana. I wish to ask them, whv not go south to North Alabama, where land is cheap and good, and tho climate is all that could to asked. I Winters are mild and no excessive heat in j summer, where farmers can engage iu all ■ kinds of farming. This is a good stock country, the best I know of when farmers ' preparo for it. The Bermuda grassexcels tho blue grass hero. For summer pasturing we have clover and orchard grass. These do as well hero as any-where. All kinds of fruits do well in our climate, es.iecially grapes, peaches, plums, strawberries, blackberries, and dewberries. Our peaches begin to ripen in May so that we havo them coming in all summer and fall. Our valleys aro very fertile and abound with plenty of good water and the best of timber.. As to health we havo as good health as will be found in tbo West. We have no blizzards here to freezo a man to death in winter, in this part of tho valley we have but fow negroes, not moro than ono to every tweuty whites. A largo majority of our people are church members. Politically the majority are liberals or freo thinkers. | Hoping to hear from you all who wish to emigrate to a new country. V. T. . . Morgan county, Ala. The Southern cotton factories consumed last year 331,000 bales, being an increaseover the previous year of '.HI.OOO bales. They have doubled' tho consumption in tho last four years. The exports of wheat from New York to Europe, from July 23 to December 21,1882, were 22,707,000 bushels, and for the samo period in 1883 but '.i,3SS,000 bushels, a decrease of nearly 00 per cent. * m* . It Is estimated that Canada will want at least 10,000,000 bushels of American wheat before another harvest. One miller is taking from Chicago about 10,000 busbels wsekly. I
Object Description
Title | Indiana farmer, 1884, v. 19, no. 02 (Jan. 12) |
Purdue Identification Number | INFA1902 |
Date of Original | 1884 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | United States - Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or not-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Date Digitized | 2010-11-10 |
Digitization Information | Original scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Description
Title | Page 1 |
Subjects (LCSH) |
Agriculture Farm management Horticulture Agricultural machinery |
Subjects (NALT) |
agriculture farm management horticulture agricultural machinery and equipment |
Genre | Periodical |
Call Number of Original | 630.5 In2 |
Location of Original | Hicks Repository |
Coverage | Indiana |
Type | text |
Format | JP2 |
Language | eng |
Collection Title | Indiana Farmer |
Rights Statement | Content in the Indiana Farmer Collection is in the public domain (published before 1923) or lacks a known copyright holder. Digital images in the collection may be used for educational, non-commercial, or non-for-profit purposes. |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Digitization Information | Orignal scanned at 300 ppi on a Bookeye 3 scanner using internal software. Display images generated in CONTENTdm as JP2000s; file format for archival copy is uncompressed TIF format. |
Transcript | gARDEKJ^ VOL. XIX. IT— 10 INDIANAPOLIS, IND., SATURDAY, JAN 12, 1884 NO. 2. <&mxz (&XQX0ZKi. INDIANA CANE GROWERS. Poll Report of Proceedings at Second Annual Session Held in this City, • December iM, 27 ond 28. Addresses by Members and Visitors. Discussions and Comments.—lVork * of the Association. [concluded.] We this week finish our report of the proceedings of tho Indiana Cano Growers, which was too long for publication entire •In any one number. W. L. ANDERSO-*, of Ladoga, read a paper upon "Steam Evaporators," explaining minutely the construction of the one ln uso by himself. The address was substantially as follows: Consistency, flavor and color determine the grade of any sorghum syrup. Tho . consistency and flavor are easy to regulate. For color we must have, "first, a good bleacher; second, a good evaporator. As far as tho evaporator is concerned, tlie ■'■"• --color-depends entirely on the rapidity with which the UqtrtrHaredaeed from. Juice to syrup, and therefore the best evaporator is the one that will reduce cane . juice to sorghum molasses in the shortest time. The reducing capacity of an evaporator depends on three things,—first,theamountof beating surface; second, the amount of evaporating surface; third, on the finishing capacity. Tho first condition, i. e., largo heating surface, I secure by having a large nnmber of heating pipes in my ovapora- tor; the second, bv Hanging tlie sides of the pan, so as to allow a largo surface for the bubbles and froth to spread over; and the third, by having mv pipes as closo together as is possible, leaving very little vacant space between tho pipes or lietween them: aud tho ends, sides and bottom of the pan, thus making it possible to finish a reasonable quantity of syrup in very quick time. With a pan" arranged as above, I have been very successful in evaporating my syrup, and tho cost of construction is riot so great as to deter any sorghum manufacturer from owning one. Following Mr. Anderson's address was a paper by J. A. FIELD, of St. Louis, upon the "Possibilities of the Northern Sugar Cano." Mr. Field's paper was too long for us to give an adequate report of it now. Wo are in possession of a complete copy of it, however, and will mako extracts from it ln tho future. In it, Mr. F. first rehearses tho history of sugar cane and sorghum in this country. lie says: Tho first sorghum seed brought to this country for commercial purposes was a I hogshead of Chinese sugar cane, black variety, Imported about thirty years ago by Maj. Edward Henry, of Hushing, Long Island, (now of Tennessee). This was sold In small lots to .persons all over the coun- ly, some of it selling as high as $10 per pound.. The next year after this, Leonard Wesy, an Englishman, imported what Is known as Impiiee seed,aud started a plantation for its growth in South Carolina. During the last thirty years tho cultivation of sorghum and the making of molasses therefrom has prevailed to a greater . or less extent In practically everv portion of the United Stau*., reaching in 1864, 3*30,- 070 acres, and according " to an estimate made of its product by Lewis S. Waro it amounted in lSOO to 511,565 pounds of sugar and over 16,000,000 gallons of molasses. The cultivation of the sorghum - plant rapidly declined for tho next ten Tears, and was almost entirely abandoned, but at length received fresh impetus, and Is now tlourishinjj. But,' says one, if you* make a success of It and< get everybody at It you will soon * i oven-toot tho __i__r__6t. Let" wis see how tliis is. Your own paper, tho Indiana Kakmch, ono of tho best agricultural pallors in tho United Slates, says, regarding tliis industry: "Tho most recent statlsticw show Unit in 1S82 our consumption of raw sugar amounted to 1,177,1'1'J tons of 2,210 pounds weight. Only ono-ciglith of this was produced at home, tho remaining seven-eighths being imported. The value of our lmiKjrtatioiiH iu 1S.M1 was as follows: Sugar and molasses, - - $ 88,4.-2,083 Unties on same, .... 47,981,033 Total, $i;M.,_l.r.,lI(J Tho gold and silver product of tho country in 18.S1 was $7*VSUO,000, showing that we jiay out for sugar and molasses alouo $o7,81o,110, moro than tho total amount of our gold and silver production." Because of tho fact that wc have not been able to produce more than ono-eightli of the sugar we consume, largo factories have been established for the manufacture of glucose, employing tho enormous capital of $15,000,000." Until this importation from abroad can be stopped and tho capital Invested iu glucose factories can bo turned to a better employment, we need have no fear of tho overstocking of the market. After referring to tho profits from North ern i_ane,Mr. Field inquires as to tho helps required to bring it to a profitable and universal cultivation, and says that State appropriations for tho encouragement of the growth of the Northern sugar cnuo, either by a premium for certain results, or by a. bounty ot a certain per cent on .tho vatuo'of tho'prcKtu'ct Is cJaified by some as tho best method of encouragement; others argue ' for a protection tariff, and depend upon that to give aid to the new enterprise, it soemed to him, however, that the greatest help in this matter is a littlo education, and an increase in faitli and a little earnest work in the proper direction. Our key to success in tho cultivation and manufacture of sugar from the Northern sugar cane, Is "Labor and Perseverance." DIl. II. W. WILEY, Chemist of the Department of Agriculture, delivered two lectures: One on tho evening of December 20, on the "Polarlscope, and its Tfses;" the other ou the next evening, on tho subject of the ".Sorghum Sugar Industry of the United States." Both lectures were handsomely illustrated by projections on a screen, the lecturer illustrating almost everything spoken of. Dr. Wiley began tho second lecture by stating thattho'objeet of his investigations on sorghum sugar cane had beon to get at the truth as to tho feasibility of sugar and syrup making. Tho sugar cane is composed of about 88 per cent! of water and 12 per cent, of cellulose. Tho latter makes an excellent paper pulp. Each ton of cane will make 150 pounds of paper as good as that mado from wood pulp. The water contains the sugar In solution. The lecturer projected on tho screen transverse and longitudinal sections of the sugar cane stalk, and gave a brief lesson on the endogenous structure of plants. The samo was done with the leaf. Other projections showed tho cano fields at Washington as affected by storms. The amber cane, owing to its ripeness, was most affected by tho winds. Prof. Wiley next illustrated on the screen the machinery used in cutting the cano into pieces from an eighth to a sixteenth of an inch in thickness, to prepare it for the diffusion process of extracting the juice by pouring ' water over the fino cut cane which is placed ln cells. The same process Is used abroad In extracting tho juice from beets, but has not before l>een applied to sugarcane. By this method Prof. Wiley got 01 per cent'of tho juice without crushing between rollers. Tlie lecturer next threw on the screen the Champaign sugar works, In which tho bagasse is used as furnace feed for evaporating. Prof. Weber complains that in spite of the tall chimney there is little economy in burning the wet bagasse. The workings of the Rio Grande factory", near Camden, N. J., wero shown in detail. A long tramway runs over tho thousand acre cano field and brings the cane fb the sugar-house. The tram costs *frV) a mile, but is a necessity in all large plantations. By tho system of defecation employed, two boys can take entire charge of tho evaporating works. Tho juice is collocted in a ii,000 gallon tank. The vacuum pans, crystallizing rooms and packing rooms were shown iu detail. A half mil. of hog pens, accommodating 1.000 hogs, was shown, Tho hogs were 'fat and clean. Their only food was cano st-cd, and their bed is thi' bagasse. Ono man takes caro of 300 hogs. One aero of cano furnishes seed enough for one hog, and tho hog iu return yields manure enough for one acre. At tho department cano fields, 300 tons raised on fifty acres furnished 1,000 bushels of seed. A ton of cano will furnish 100 'K.unds of seed. Prof. Wiley regarded it verv important that a cano bo selected which will ripen its seed. It is better economy to feed tho boiled seed to hogs and make the bagasse into mauuro than to burn the bagasse and seed. A lino Rnd varied series of views was shown of the department works at Washington, as well as of those at Champaign, 111., and Rio (irando, N. J. Prof. Wiley is satisfied that by tho crushing process, even with doublo rolling, less than IK) per cent of the juice is saved. Tlie liagassu acts as a blotting paper, and takes up the juice again as soon as it is crushed. Probably in the mills of tho world not over GO per cent of the juice is saved. Prof. Wiley is sanguine that by the diffusion process, which removes tho sugar from the unbroken cells, a much larger per cent of the sugar can bo saved. Samples of the exhausted cano were shown which "had not "irpartk'lo'of cane sugar when tested by the polariscope, although traces of grajx* sugar were left. In tho diffusion prows*, the cano is exhausted with warm water. The diffusion juice contains 40 per cent more water than the natural juice got by crushing, and so requires more boiling and moro fuel. By tne diffusion process Professor Wiley got 01 per cent of tbe total sugar, insteadnf CO ]KT cent by tho crushing process. It is a question "of which is cheaper, coal or sugar? The samo methods which apply- to beet sugar, Professor Wiley is satisfied, will apply to tho manufacture of cano sugar. Dr. Wiley cautioned his audience against overstating the possibilities of the sugar cano business. Although commonly reported that Champaign and Rio Grando made each a million pounds, this is largely overestimated. Kansas did not mako its own sugar. Not a million pounds were made last year in the United States—about half enough for one breakfast. Not all localities can produce sugar. Almost any part of tho United States can produce syrup profitably. The seed must lie improved, taking advantage of accidental variations, as that which produced tho amber cane, to secure the largest amount of sucrose and tho smallest amount of glucose. Tlie methods of expressing anil purifying tho juice must be studied, with.every varioty of soil and climate. Trot. Wiley felt assured that American money, grit and inventive genius would solve the problem, and tho United States would yet mako its own sugar instead of importing it. Tho lecture commandedthe profoundest attention, and went a long way towards convincing Indiana cano growers that lion. Geo. B. lairing was not so antagonistic to tho sorghum interests as he bas been commonly reported to be. In fact, Dr. Wiley stated" that Mr. Loring had mentioned in his letter of appointmont that his selection was mainly due to tho fact that ho was considered a proper person to investigate tho cane interests. With such an unqualified acknowledgment of tho importance of the sorghum interests, Dr. Loring certainly does not deserve tho censure he has received in that direction. CONCLCDINO SESSION. The following were elected honorary members of the association: Enoch Carey, Uurneyville, O., Thos. McQuiston. Morning Sun, O., Mr. Swart*, Edwardsvlllo, O., X. ,J. Colman. St. Louis, Mo., Marion Roll, Wood Station. O., M. Day, Mansfield, O., I*. A. Cpp, fcdgerton, O. , Remarks turned on the color of the syrup. Mr. Field: In tho St. Louis market, dark syrup is worth livo cents per gallon moro , than light. Mr. Anilonton: Can sell light colored best, although it tastes of chemicals. Peter Itaab: If the syrup Is properly cooked, chemicals are "not necessary to make it keep. Dr. Furnas: Tho use of chemicals gives a mellow, agreeable liavor. IIKI-OKT OF COHMITTKE on syrii'w and sugars: Wiiekkab: Tho difljeulty of classifying and grading tho syrup on'cxliibitlon is so great that your committee is unable to award the preference to any exhibitor; Therefore, resolved 1. That no award of excellence bo mado to any of tho exhibitors all of whoso samples possess many points of merit. 112. That it is the sense of this convention that flavor, color, clearness and density are all conditions that the manufacturer should consider and that no ono*of them should be sacrificed to the others. Tlie time for the next meeting was left for tho executive committee to decide and announco in due time. notes. Attention was called to the fact that tho Mississippi Valley Cane Growers' Association meets at St. ixiuls, Mo.. January 10,17 and 18. Arrangements with railroads and hotels will be announced as soon as made. A vote of thanks for interest manifested was tendered lo Prof. Wiley, .1. A. Field, Col. Colman and others. J. G. Kingsbury, of the Faii.mei*., addressed tho convention briefly, calling attention to the rapid growth of the sorghum Industry in our Slate, and stating that a department of the Iniiiana Fahmek is devoted to .the cane growers' business and that tho association is welcome to a froo uso of its columns. Association adjourned, subject to call of executive committee. "Why go "West? Editors Indiana Karnipr: I see that there are a great many emigrants going west from Indiana. I wish to ask them, whv not go south to North Alabama, where land is cheap and good, and tho climate is all that could to asked. I Winters are mild and no excessive heat in j summer, where farmers can engage iu all ■ kinds of farming. This is a good stock country, the best I know of when farmers ' preparo for it. The Bermuda grassexcels tho blue grass hero. For summer pasturing we have clover and orchard grass. These do as well hero as any-where. All kinds of fruits do well in our climate, es.iecially grapes, peaches, plums, strawberries, blackberries, and dewberries. Our peaches begin to ripen in May so that we havo them coming in all summer and fall. Our valleys aro very fertile and abound with plenty of good water and the best of timber.. As to health we havo as good health as will be found in tbo West. We have no blizzards here to freezo a man to death in winter, in this part of tho valley we have but fow negroes, not moro than ono to every tweuty whites. A largo majority of our people are church members. Politically the majority are liberals or freo thinkers. | Hoping to hear from you all who wish to emigrate to a new country. V. T. . . Morgan county, Ala. The Southern cotton factories consumed last year 331,000 bales, being an increaseover the previous year of '.HI.OOO bales. They have doubled' tho consumption in tho last four years. The exports of wheat from New York to Europe, from July 23 to December 21,1882, were 22,707,000 bushels, and for the samo period in 1883 but '.i,3SS,000 bushels, a decrease of nearly 00 per cent. * m* . It Is estimated that Canada will want at least 10,000,000 bushels of American wheat before another harvest. One miller is taking from Chicago about 10,000 busbels wsekly. I |
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