**--• ^^ tit*tot*-
H?
YOL. XIII.
INDIAKAPOLIS, IKDIAKA, KOVEMBEIl 23, 1878.—TEX PAGES.
NO. 47.
FOR SALE.
FOR 8AT.E—Partridge Cochins at I-to »3pr. pair,
according to quality.   W. V. IATSHAW, Oak-
town, Knox county, Ind-
FOR SALE—Whitney sewinj machine needles, all
Bizes, at 30 cents per do-en.  Send order to INDIANA FABMER COMPANY. tf
OR SALE—Five choice, early Poland China boar
pigs; also, ten flne Blade Cochin cockerels. Address MAOEE BROS., Otterbeln, Ind.
F
OR SALE—I have a few head^of ^Jersey Red.j3.pi
* Jj " no*w*ready to ship, of undoubted purity, of \jq\ __
•ex, at reasonable pricee. HARRIS SHEPPARD,
Spencer, Owen Co., Ind.        -    	
POR SALE—The   Farm Register and Account
Book.   Con ._.-...
counts. Price11
COMPANY; Indianapolis.
Book.   Complete method of keeping farm accounts. Price 11 e-aeh. Address INBIANA-FARMEB
JERSEYS FOR SALE—Three bulls, three bull
calves, three cows and heifers; all of the yery best
butter stock. For price, description, etc.. apply to
T. J. JOHNSON, Greencastle, Ind.
FOR SALE—150 Berkshires from my imported herd.
Pigs weighing 40 to 100 pounds, flO; young sows.
They are as fine as the finest pedigreed
FALL, Lebanon, Boone Co., Ind.
$15 to ?JT
stock.-  WM,
. "OOR SALE—Three yearling hogs, all bred by my-
JC self; two of them pigs of HooBier Prince, one a.pig
•fa full sister to my sow that took first premium at
•ur late State Fair. They are good breeders, and
price low. Choice males and femalei Tor sale My herd
never had any disease among them, and what I offer
IS good.   Two Devon calves from my bull that took'
. first premium at our late State Fair. WM. A. MACY,
* Lewlsville, Ind.
FOR SALE—Thoroughbred Short-horn bulls at
public auction at Aughe A Sims' stables, Frankfort, Clinton Co., Ind., on Tuesday, Nov. 26th 1879, at
1 o'clock p. m. The undersigned will offer at above
place and iJme, 10 head of Short-horn bulls ranging
-from 6 to 3.1 months old, the get of Star Duke 2nd,
24903, and Oakland Duke 24153, and representatives of
the following well-known families; Bloom, Amelia
Donna Maria, Princess, Red Hose, and Brittania. Catalogues on day of sale. J. T. WILLIAMSON A, SON,
Thorntown, Ind.
WANTED.
*TI/"ANTED—Farm, In exchange for Kansas land—
_Ty!_    wi" pay $1,(100 cash differences G. M. BAL
LARD, Indianapolis..
~\\TANTED—To exchange spring mattresses and
T T   lounges for country produce.   No. 45 Massachusetts Avenue, Indianapolis. .       .
?\Tr ANTED—Agents t6,t»ke subscriptions through
'' tt. the country and in. small tibwn3forJheWHBK:i.T
\VS-\ifif. Largest cash commission ever paid to-can-
yassers.- Address Whkklt Nbw», Indianapolis.
I-OAXS.
SIX PER CENT—Loans made on long time on real
estate security at 6 p«r cent Int. Special arrange-
■ ments for those wishing loans In from 6 to 12 months,
at lower rates. A. W. PbAthbr; State Agnet, successor to E- A. "Whitcomb <fc Co* Office 7% E_ Market
St., Indianapolis. Ind. ;  .      -        . /
TO LOAH—Money, afethe Farm Loan Offlce of T.
, C. Day. Interest at a low rate and payable once
f a year. • Ncrinterest in advance. Commissions moderate. No charge for examination, abstract or viewing farms. Address THOS. C. DAY, or W. C. GRIFFITH, 24 Thorpe Block, Indianapolis.
>fe**!>^
ALLEN'S DRUG STORE, opposite Postoffice, is as
good _fl place as you will find for anything in
drugs, patent medicines, dyes,
cles, etc.
perfumes, toilet arti-
BEAL ESTATE ADVERTISER tells all about
the Blue Grass Valley of Middle Tennessee.
Price 25 cents a year. Published by E. M. COCK-
RILL, Real Estate Agent, Gallatin, Tenn.
C,
C. BURGESS, Dentist.   Offlce In room * Va-
jen's Exchange Bloc-, N. Pennsylvania St.
TO LOAN—Monay to loan   on  improved farms.
J. H. HABDEBECK, 36 East Market street, In-
tUan&polis.
I have some good farms for sale, and desire calls and
correspondence f- "     * - - -.. ...      ~
W. ALEXANDER,
. correspondence from parties ln quest of them.
      3 East Market St.
MONEY TO LOAN—Sums of 1300 to $3,000 on Improved    farms.     RUDDELL.   WALCOTT   &
VINTON, Indianapolis, Ind.
Tmvt
iiarlt*
Stock Farming,
BY  PBOF. R. T.  BROWN.
species now successfully cultivated in
Southern Europe.
The blue-grass (Pod pratensis) has
nearly superseded every other grass in
the Northern and Western States, for
pasturage. Its many excellent qualities
entitles it to this pre-eminence. It is a
highly nutritious crass, increasing flesh
rather than, laying on excessive amounts
of fat, and i is therefore well adapted as
food for working animals. It produces
the mottled, or marbled varieties of beef,
in which the fat, is distributed through
the flesh—a quality highly esteemed by
the English beef eaters.
Blue-grass delights in a rich, well-
drained clay loam, abounding in lime
and-potash. In heavy undrained clay
land ortri marshy soils, red top (Agrostis
Vulgaris) will furnish better pasturage
than blue-grass. '
It • is customary with farmers, In
the • timbered part of our country; to leave many forest trees standing
•in their blue-grass pastures. Now, while
blue-grass will make a fair growth in
shaded situations, yet the value of the
grass is greatly diminished. Sunshine is
essential to the perfection of any vegetable, and pasture grass is no exception to
that rule. Some grasses, however, endure the absence of sunshine better than
others. Of these, perhaps, the orchard
grass (Dactylis Olomerata) will perfect
itself with less sunshine than any grass
we cultivate, and, by the way, it is a
very nutritious grass. Pastures should
never be used the first year after their
growth, and in the second and even in
the third year, they should never be cropt
close,' Indeed,' short pastures are bad in
points of economy, whether we look to
the health of the grass, the condition of
the animals pastured, or the fertility ofthe
ground. In all our perennial grasses the
fibrous roots are reproduced every year,
the old ones "dying at the time the • stalk
ripens its seed, before which time the
hew roots have shot out and are prepared
to do service for the coming Crop. But
blue-grass has about as much of the plant
under ground as above, and if the top be
kept cropt short. the.root will be^evel-
■60fi^hi^ "i^mmit,fS^ritWimr&
smaller amount of vegetable matter will
DC left to decay in the soil the subsequent
year—the ground will be impoverished,
the plant enfeebled and the stalk starved.
European agriculture presents a formidable list of meadow grasses, but in our
farming we have but one, and that is
timothy (Phleum pratense); all others
are generally considered foul meadow
grass. This grass flourishes best on a
rich clay loam, and if properly cared for
by an annual top-dressing of manure and
no fall pasturing, a well-set meadow will
yield twelve or nfteen consecutive crops.
The formidable enemy of meadows in
this country is the "white blossom"
(Leucanthemum Vulgare). When this
pest has once invaded the meadow the
only effectual remedy is a well cultivated
corn crop. The production of hay has
been greatly cheapened by the introduction ofthe mower and the horse-rake,
within the last few years. Clover,
(which is not a grass) may be advantageously used both for pasture and hay.
The domestication of animals for their
flesh and milk, as food, their skins as
clothing and ultimately their service as
work animals, dates back to the very
cradle of the human race. To become
shepherds and herdsmen is the first step
ofthe savage to the civilized state, and
may it not be possible that, omitting this
intermediate state, is one of the reasons
of our failure in civilizing our Indian
tribes? Stock farming as it exists in
Texas and the Pampas of South America, and as it existed in the patriarchial
ages, was and is merely the care which
was necessary to prevent animals from
straying away, or being devoured by
beasts of prey, and to remove them from
place to place, as the supply of food and
water might demand.
, But stock farming in a more advanced
civilization involves the furnishing of
pastures for summer grazing, and food
and shelter for the winter sustainance
and protection. This involves the whole
• question of
GRASS CCI/TURE,
a subject so important in its relation
to a general agriculture, and so extended
in its details, that to do justice to it would
require a volumn. In these brief notes,
we can do no more than to make a few
suggestions that will, perhaps, induce
practical, farmers to observe, reflect and
experiment on grass cultivation. This
snbject naturally divides itself into the
production and care of pastures and fo
meadows. In the Northern States, both
for pasture and meadow, we use the perennial grasses almost exclusively. By
that term we mean grasses in which the
root lives from year to year.
In the Southern States, annual grasses
are extensively used both for pasture and
hay; our Northern grasses not being
adapted to that climate. - It is more than
probable, however, that proper efforts
aided by science would acclimate some
of our grasses or at least some   of the
Pure Jersey Red Sow "LILLIE,** at 7 months old.   Bred and owned by Clark Pcttit, Salem, I.. J.
I will remark here that all the ''stature of from fourteen to fifteen and a
healthy.'
hog .-;..-..
REMEDIES IIAVE  UTTERLY FAILED
to do any good, whatever, i The hogs
will die every time when they get badly
sick. Tipton county has lost an incalculable amount of money this season, by j
cholera and other diseases in hogs. One
important feature I nearly forgot to mention, viz: - As soon as- my hogs were
taken sick the lice began to accumulate
on them (the sick ones) by. the thousands"
in an almost incredible short space of
time. I used coal oil and lanl, sulphur
and tar, all, apparently, without effect,
they "would apear to increase the faster.
half hands." The true Barb, one of the
ancestors of the English thoroughbred
racer, was described by Berenger " as
seldom exceeding fourteen hands and an
inch." Much the same thing could be
said of the horse of China, or the North
China pony, as we usually call them; he
averages, perhaps, thirteen hands and
.•two inches, often reaching fourteen
■hands, which is the limit of height for
racing purposes at present. What he
lacks, however, in height he makes up
for in build; there is an immense deal of
muscle and bone packed up in his frame;
he is very far from weak; his spirit and
endurance are most remarkable, as our
race-course and paper hunts amply tes-
Thehog disease is a complicated prob-   ti%-   In the latter these plucky animals
lem; who can solve it ? is the query of
Sharpsville, Nov. .8.     W. A. Maze.
Hog Choleras-Is itlmportedP
Editors Indiana Farmer: .    _,„,_„   m-j -nc.
Having resided m Indiana for over 4<L4^er-imported' horsesj   although
■i *^«a__%»ni_t*-einr engaged 'aU .hartlfoe^wrat' they"'***';da5•? «<fepte*** «i
and
will carry a man, weighing perhaps 180
pounds, to the front across country for a
.dozen miles or more with conspicuous
'gameness. They are also very serviceable as draught. animals; as carriage
horses they arevat least, as fast ad the
of
National Live Stock Journal, of Chicago,
offers challenge cups as follows: Best
beef animal, $100; best fat sheep, $50;
best fat hog, $50. The large amount of
$4,045 thus offered will crowd the immense Exposition Building with the
finest specimens of fat stock to be found
in the United States and Canada.
From Messrs. Orange, Judd & Co., New
York, we have received a circular descriptive of a new book entitled "American Roadsters and Trotting Horses."
The volume contains sketches of the
trotting stallions of the United States,
and a treatise on the breeding of horses,
with an appendix showing the pedigrees
and breeding, so far as known, of all
trotters that have a record of 2:30 or better, etc., and is illustrated with photo
views of the representative. stallions of
: the past and present. : ( ■.   .
For the Indiana Farmer:
What Ails the Hogs?
On the 5th of October last I had eighty-
seven hogs, apparently in good condition.
On the 6th, some.forty of them took sick
with some lingering disease.   After ten
days they began to die, at the rate of
about six head per day, and in a very
short  time all  were sick except three
head,   though not  quite  all seriously,
Twelve head have recovered and are in
good condition, two are still sick, and
will die, which leaves me fifteen head
out of my entire herd.   I have lost some
of my very best animals, including my
fine breeding boar, Dandy Jim, that took
second premium at our late State Fair.
I have only four of my breeding sows
left.   It was not cholera.   I   will give
some of the leading symptoms: lst. They
begin to draw up in the flanks, back is
humped up, skin parched and wrinkled,
eyes sore, bowls'constipated, fever high,
raging thirst for water, yet they would
still eat a little for from five to seven
days, then stop eating and linger from
two to four weeks.   Some would die in
convulsions, while others would die in
their beds without a struggle.   Others
dropped dead.   2d. Lungs badly affected
with hard white spots; liver all right;
spleen badly diseased.   I had one-fine
sow that dropped dead after having been
sick seventeen days.   I opened her and
found the space around the lungs and
heart filled with a liquid of greenish yellow color, and ofthe consistency of blood
which would coagulate the same as blood
when cold.   A sediment was found over
the heart, lungs and linings, similar to
wet salt.   The intestines all appeared to
be in a healthy condition.   I believe that
some of them had typhoid fever, while
the majority had lung fever; and others
had dropsy of the heart.   In the latter
case there was very little blood in them.
I am greatly discouraged with my misfortune, as I have lost very heavily out
of my limited means, and think ' I shall
go out ofthe breeding business, but lam
at a loss to know what to try next. There
is no kind of stock raising that suits me
as well as the hog, if I could keep them
more or less in the raising of hogs,
having read with much interest the many
cures proposed for hog cholera, etc., I have
thought proper to say something on the
same subject, and what I have to say, is
more particularly to the older farmers
of the country. We remember that, say
30 years ago, there was no such thing as
hog cholera. About that time or a little
before, there was distributed over the
country a small breed of Berkshires,
which was soon followed by what wras
called hog cholera. But in a few years
these small Berkshires became unsatisfactory on account of their smallness,
and about went out of use. And the
cholera about disappeared,. About 20
years since- a larger breed of Berkshires
and Polands were imported into the
country, and with it I fear the disease
that kills, called hog cholera. Again,
who ever heard of chicken cholera
until the Shanghai- and other foreign
breeds were introduced? since which
time the raising of chickens is attended
with great loss. Again, it is only a few
years since you heard in the States of
Spanish fever, yet it is well known when
our native cattle came in contact with
some of the Texas cattle, disease and
death follows, whilst the Texas cattle
will be healthy. Therefore is it not probable that the hog cholera and chicken
cholera is imported? And whilst it may
not affect the imported stock, our native
stock by coming in contact with the foreign become diseased and'die, whilst the
imported may remain healthy. If I
knew any plaee in Indiana where the
foreign or their offsprings had not come
in contact with the native, I should like
to know whether or not there has been
any of the so-called cholera, and if on
investivation it should appear that the
raising of hogs is jeopardized by the foreign breeds we bad better stop the importation of both hogs and chickens and
improve on the stock we have. I have
never seen but one or two of what are
called Jersey Reds, and they remind me
so much of some hogs we had 40 years
ago that I am inclined to think if they
were kept away from any other breeds
they would be exempt. At least they
did not have cholera forty years ago.
My writing this article is for the purpose
of asking the old farmers of the country
as to their observation and requesting
them to report through the Farmer.
In closing let me say of the cough and
thumps which often kill pigs and shoats,
that I have found our common coal oil
put in slop which they drink, has been
an infallible cure so far as I have tried it.
Give, say, one pint to 15 or 20 shoats for
a few days. John Ott.
Rockville, N«v. 11.
 . __. »	
Horses m China.
The horse of China can only justly be
described as small in comparison with
some of the larger European kinds,
which are themselves the result of many
generations of scientific breeding. Admiral Rous remarked: "We have succeeded in establishing a breed with one-
fifth more, speed and strength than the
original  stock — an   increased  average
vehicles
The North China pony is not less conspicuous for his qualities as a race horse.
Racing on the flat is pursued with great
ardor by foreign residents in China. As
soonas the treaty of Nanking conceded
to foreigners at the various treaty ports.)
enough ground for the purpose, racecourses were formed.- At first, horses
and ponies were imported literally from
every quarter of the globe. The lavish
scale of expenditure of the earlier residents made the high prices requisite to
procure the finest specimens of English
thoroughbreds, and of the purest breed
of;Arabs of the desert, seem insignificant
sums. This extravagance culminated in
the purchase, for £6.000, of Buckstone,
the winner of the Ascot Cup, after a
dead-heat with the celebrated cup-horse
Tim Whiffier; ^and of Hadji, an Arab,
supposed to be of pure breed, for 9,000
taels, the equivalent of his weight in
silver—9,000 taels  weighing about  670
gounds avoirdupois. The race courses of
[ong^ Kong and Shanghai exhibited at
one time a variety of animals from different countries probably unparalleled
elsewhere—horses from England, Australia, thorough and half-bred, from Oregon, and from all places where pure
breeds of horses exist. Foreigners in
China are deprived of the opportunity of
improving the native breed of horses.
The native dealers never allow a brood
mare or a stallion to leave Mongolia;
only geldings enter China through the
passes in the Great Wall. Whether this
is due in any way to government interference is difficult to say. Nevertheless,
there is reason to believe that the breed
is improving; the high prices paid in
Shanghai for likely looking griffins have
their natural effect in Mongolia, and a
larger proportion of well-shaped animals
are yearly brought down; doubtless increased care is taken in the selection of
sires and dam; hitherto, however, a ped-
igee is rarely produced by a Chinese dealer, and when it is, is regarded rather as
a bad joke than as an authentic document.
 •» —. »	
The Chicago Fat Stock Show—We
have received a circular letter from S. D.
Fisher, Esq., Secretary of Illinois State
Board of Agriculture, enclosing a complimentary ticket to the Chicago Fat
Stock Show, to be held in the Exposition
building, December 2 to 7. The letter
assures us that this new enterprise
promises to be entirely successful,
and that the character and extent of
its exhibition will be in proportion to the importance of the interests to
be represented. It is thought that this
exhibition will attract the best foreign
buyers, as well as fancy purchasers from
the Eastern States, who will cheerfully
pay extravagant prices for the prize animals for Christmas meats, thus affording
an excellent opportunity to feeders for
disposing of creditable stock at the very
highest prices. The low rates for transportation make it possible to obtain the
very best pecuniary results with little
expense, to say nothing of the prizes,
which may aggregate $350 for a single
beef animal, §140 for a single pig, $85 for
a pen of sheep, and $300 for a car load of
ten head of cattle. The prizes are distributed as follows: Cattle, $2,350; sheep,
$725; swine, $600; fat poultry and wild
gime, $170. In addition to the above the
*i?o7*M_3S^Pa!
Will some reader of the Farmer tell
whether hogs will take the cholera if
they have no chance of catching it from
diseased hogs.                     A Reader.
» — »	
Messrs.D.M. Magee&Co., of Oxford,
Ohio, have recently sent two of their
finest pigs, Kumler Boy and Oxford Princess, to President Hayes, to eat the slops
from the White House.
We give an illustration of a fine Jersey
Bed on this page. It is one of Mr. Clark
Pettit's fine breeders, which has taken
sweepstakes at many of the fairs. This
ia the strain of which we spoke three
weeks ago, and of which many fine specimens have been sent to the West by Mr.
Pettit.
 1   »   t :	
Mr.Theo. McCltjre will sell at auction
on Saturday, November 30, at his- farm
near Wabash, 30 head of thoroughbred
Poland China and Berkshire hogs. Mr.
McClure's herd has taken fifty ;first, and
twenty-five second premiums at the fairs
this season. At this sale, buyers will
have a rare opportunity to. purchase fine
stock at their owj\prices.
 . — »	
Petition for Reform.
To the Editors Indiana Farmer:
In your very commendable article,
headed "Profits of Office," in your last
issue of the Farmer, I think the "key
note" was struck; the sentiment expressed, that caused the heart of every
sensible, honest, thinking tax-payer, of
whatever profession, creed, or political
persuasion, who read it, to vibrate in
unison.
Could the voice of the people be heard
upon this question, such a reform as you
speak of would not only be requested,
but imperatively demanded of our legislators. The time has fully come; the
best interests of the country demand
that we • lay aside political prejudice,
selfish interests and work together for
the general good. We need not expect,
much less ;ever realize that any political
party will ever bring about "retrench-
mentor reform."
To reduce salaries and other unnecessary public expenses, is to lessen the burden of taxation, which to the amount of
a few dollars to the farmer, mechanic, or
any one whose income but barely furnishes a meager support for his family,
amounts to a great deal; far better saved
to him than squandered by the public
official in the contaminating manner as
alluded to in your article.
Then, why not get about the work at
once? by circulating indiscriminately in
every school district in the State petitions for the signature of eveay taxpayer, recommending to our legislators
such measures as we wish carried out
Belleville, Nov. 18. D. W. _6.
—■ */   —t   Sp    .	
Man to his wife. "My dear, they are
bringing my portrait, all my friends pronounce it very faithful." f'Then it cannot resemble you!"
EIGHT  HUNDRED  MILES WEST.
Kansas   City   and  Its   Enterprise.
The Largest racking House in the
World.
Correspondence Indiana Farmer.
Kansas City, Nov. 16,1878.
After traveling some eight hundred
miles, calling at St. Louis, Alton, Illinois, and Quincy, Illinois, I arrived here
yesterday morning, and all I had heard
of this city and of tlie country between
here and the Mississippi river had not
conveyed to my mind correct ideas of
the'country or of the great importance of
this city. In a commercial point of view
it has the prospect of being one of the
most important points between the Mississippi river and the Pacific ocean. It
is not only prospective, but it has become
already one of the great commercial
points of the West There are now nine
railroads centering here, making direct
connection with all the great cities East
and South, and opening up a vast undeveloped agricultural and mineral district west and south of here.
The city is most beautifully located,
being mostly on very high ground, and
overlooking the vast bottoms of the Missouri and Kaw (or Kansas) rivers. The
heavy part of the business is done in the
bottom between the two rivers, where all'
the roads center. There is perhaps no
place in the United States where there is
more attention- directed to the agricultural implement trade than here.
There are already five large brick warehouses built, and others in progress of
construction, all to be us«d for distributing implements exclusively. The city
is substantially built, and has a population of 50,000 pr more. The greater part
of- the city is in Missouri, but the line
between Kansas and Missouri passes
through the lower part of the city, and a
few thousand inhabitants live on the
•-_,--.   ..rKaiwc-vsidej--andhave; a-:separate.ctfy..
They claim the most extensive
slaughter house in the world under one
management. They have a capacity to
kill and pack 2,000 cattle and 4,000 hogs
per day. They killed 2,000 beeves one
day, and completed the job within six
hours.
There ■ is the most interesting view I
ever witnessed to stand on the bluff and
look into the valley below and see at one
sight from one to two thousand cars i»
motion, and see vehicles of all kinds being driven as if every one was determined to not be outdone. A man of any
spirit can't stand and view such enterprise with his hands in his pockets; he
feels like taking them out and taking
hold of the power that moves the vast
machinery that is fast building up a city
that will soon be known to the world as
Chicago, St. Louis and other great cities
of the country now are. There seems to
be something for all willing hands to do,
and the honest, industrious young man
that has an inclination or determination
can find many channels to move into
success. Yours truly, H. B.
QUERY AND ANSWER.
S. H., of Decatur county, asks the cost
of an Opera glass; also in regard to procuring a homestead in the West.
Ans. Opera glasses cost from f 2 50 upwards. A good one can be bought for
$5 00.
The homestead law requires a fee of
$14 for survey of land, and a residence of
five years, but no price is charged for the
land, as in pre-empting. In the latter
case $1 25 per acre must be paid.
J. W. C, of Shelby county, has a quantity of artichokes to sell, and enquires
for a market.   Who wishes to buy?
Can you or some of your many readers
give me the address of the "Ladies'
Friend" Patent Churn that was on exhibition this fall at the Indiana State Fair?
C. M. P.
We do not know the address of the
agent of this churn.—Eds.
Sinee the collapse in 1873, our immigration has steadily decreased year by
year.   In 1868 the immigration was 288,-
038 persons, with a pretty steady increase,
until 1873, when it reached 473,141  persons.   Since that time there has been a
steady decrease until the present year,
when it gave us only 138,409 persons. Of
these,   80,259   were    males  and  52,210
females.   Great Britain contributed 38,-
082; Germany,   29,313, the British possessions on this continent, 25.508; China,
8,992;   Norway   and    Sweden,   10,149.
Among the total number of immigrants
were 14,843 fanners, 3,443 farm laborers,
25,656 other laborers, 0,157 servants, and
62,622 persons, mostly women and children, occupation not stated.   The* whole
number of emigrants arriving  in   the
United States from 1808 to 1878 inclusive
amounts to 3,355,805 persons, an eloquent
showing as to who are helping to develop
the resources ofthe country.
Peru is noted for the finest breed of
mules in America. The plains of Ca-
raccas are decimated to furmnh annually
30,000 mules for the West Judia inland*.