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The Control of Sphaerotilus Natans by a Southern Kraft Mill JAMES J. McKEOWN, Sanitary Engineer Rayonier Incorporated Jesup, Georgia The growth of the slime, Sphaerotilus natans, during winter months has on occasion become a nuisance to net fishermen. The American shad is netted in quantity below the waste outfall of Rayonier's Jesup Division during the winter. Six years of research has developed a method that is effective in controlling the slime growth. Slime first appeared below the mill's outfall during the winter of 1955- 56. The mill had been in operation for nearly two years at the time. The slime, identified as sphaerotilus natans, was interfering with net fishing. The infestation was causing a heavy buildup of slime on the fishing nets which if allowed to dry was difficult to remove. Subsequent years showed that Sphaerotilus only reached infestation during the winter months. Furthermore, those winters in which the river overflowed its banks alleviated the heavy growth. The shad season lasts from January 1 to April 15. The breakpoint for flow (at which the river overflows its banks) is 12,000 cfe. The thermal breakpoint is in the 20-25 C range. Since water temperature usually remains below 20 C during the winter, flow is considered as a limiting factor according to Table I. TABLE I FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF AVERAGE MONTHLY FLOWS EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN 12, 000 CFS (1931-1960) (Frequency of Optimum River Conditions for Slime Growth) Month Frequency of Occurrence January 43 per cent of the time or once every 2.3 years February 30 per cent of the time or once every 3. 3 years March 16 per cent of the time or once every 6.2 years April 17 per cent of the time or once every 5.9 years The long range solution could, therefore, take advantage of the years when the river would remain high. The Jesup Division of Rayonier Incorporated is located 60 miles upstream from the Atlantic Ocean on the Altamaha River in Georgia. The plant produces chemical cellulose using the sulfate or kraft process. The mill first began operations in 1954 and doubled capacity in 1957. A total of 45 million gals of waste flows from the mill each day. Information on the river basin and mill waste has been published (1). Sphaerotilus natans. once thought to be a colorless algae, is a member - 440 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196237 |
Title | Control of Sphaerotilus natans by a southern kraft mill |
Author | McKeown, James J. |
Date of Original | 1962 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the seventeenth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/engext&CISOPTR=9369&REC=10 |
Extent of Original | p. 440-453 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-18 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 440 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | The Control of Sphaerotilus Natans by a Southern Kraft Mill JAMES J. McKEOWN, Sanitary Engineer Rayonier Incorporated Jesup, Georgia The growth of the slime, Sphaerotilus natans, during winter months has on occasion become a nuisance to net fishermen. The American shad is netted in quantity below the waste outfall of Rayonier's Jesup Division during the winter. Six years of research has developed a method that is effective in controlling the slime growth. Slime first appeared below the mill's outfall during the winter of 1955- 56. The mill had been in operation for nearly two years at the time. The slime, identified as sphaerotilus natans, was interfering with net fishing. The infestation was causing a heavy buildup of slime on the fishing nets which if allowed to dry was difficult to remove. Subsequent years showed that Sphaerotilus only reached infestation during the winter months. Furthermore, those winters in which the river overflowed its banks alleviated the heavy growth. The shad season lasts from January 1 to April 15. The breakpoint for flow (at which the river overflows its banks) is 12,000 cfe. The thermal breakpoint is in the 20-25 C range. Since water temperature usually remains below 20 C during the winter, flow is considered as a limiting factor according to Table I. TABLE I FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF AVERAGE MONTHLY FLOWS EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN 12, 000 CFS (1931-1960) (Frequency of Optimum River Conditions for Slime Growth) Month Frequency of Occurrence January 43 per cent of the time or once every 2.3 years February 30 per cent of the time or once every 3. 3 years March 16 per cent of the time or once every 6.2 years April 17 per cent of the time or once every 5.9 years The long range solution could, therefore, take advantage of the years when the river would remain high. The Jesup Division of Rayonier Incorporated is located 60 miles upstream from the Atlantic Ocean on the Altamaha River in Georgia. The plant produces chemical cellulose using the sulfate or kraft process. The mill first began operations in 1954 and doubled capacity in 1957. A total of 45 million gals of waste flows from the mill each day. Information on the river basin and mill waste has been published (1). Sphaerotilus natans. once thought to be a colorless algae, is a member - 440 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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