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A Waste Control Program for a River with Highly Variable Flow DANIEL A. OKUN, Professor of Sanitary Engineering and JAMES C. LAMB, III, Associate Professor of Sanitary Engineering School of Public Health University of North Carolina and C. C. WELLS, JR., Sanitary Engineer Bowaters Carolina Corporation South Carolina In the summer of 1959, the Bowaters Carolina Corporation placed in operation a 400-ton pulp mill located on the Catawba River about eight miles southeast of Rock Hill, S. C. Management, from the first, has been concerned about controlling mill wastes to avoid any deleterious effect on the Catawba River or on downstream water uses. To this end the National Council for Stream Improvement Inc., in 1956, made a study of the Catawba River. The National Council report contained recommendations for treatment and control of waste discharges which were incorporated in the mill design. To assure efficient operation of its waste treatment system, Bowaters retained the senior author to make surveys of the Catawba River prior to mill startup and to maintain surveillance of waste disposal operations and their effects on the river. The studies reported in this paper were made jointly with his colleague on the staff of the Department of Sanitary Engineering at the University of North Carolina, and with the help of graduate students of the department. The complex nature of problems encountered during the investigation required that unusually comprehensive studies be undertaken, including extensive use of statistical techniques for summarizing and evaluating stream data. This paper describes briefly the nature of the problem, the wastes treatment facilities, techniques employed for monitoring the receiving stream and evaluating the effects of plant wastes on the stream, and development of a planned program for operating the wastes disposal system. THE CATAWBA RIVER The mill occupies a site on the west bank of the Catawba River about 21 miles below Catawba Lake. A map of the area from Catawba Lake to Fishing Creek Reservoir is shown in Figure 1. This river is one of the most highly developed in the United States, with Duke Power Co. hydroelectric installations at dams and reservoirs throughout much of its length. The river is characterized by a relatively steep gradient. A profile from Catawba Dam to Fishing Creek dam is shown in Figure 2. For 12 miles below Catawba Dam the river drops about three ft per mile. For the next seven miles to the Bowaters site, and for another four miles to the head of Lands Ford, the river is much flatter, averaging about 1.4 ft drop per mile. Lands Ford constitutes a series of rapids with a drop of about 30 ft in three miles to 324
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196230 |
Title | Waste control program for a river with highly variable flow |
Author |
Okun, Daniel Alexander Lamb, James C. Wells, C. C. |
Date of Original | 1962 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the seventeenth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/engext&CISOPTR=9369&REC=10 |
Extent of Original | p. 324-350 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-18 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 324 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | A Waste Control Program for a River with Highly Variable Flow DANIEL A. OKUN, Professor of Sanitary Engineering and JAMES C. LAMB, III, Associate Professor of Sanitary Engineering School of Public Health University of North Carolina and C. C. WELLS, JR., Sanitary Engineer Bowaters Carolina Corporation South Carolina In the summer of 1959, the Bowaters Carolina Corporation placed in operation a 400-ton pulp mill located on the Catawba River about eight miles southeast of Rock Hill, S. C. Management, from the first, has been concerned about controlling mill wastes to avoid any deleterious effect on the Catawba River or on downstream water uses. To this end the National Council for Stream Improvement Inc., in 1956, made a study of the Catawba River. The National Council report contained recommendations for treatment and control of waste discharges which were incorporated in the mill design. To assure efficient operation of its waste treatment system, Bowaters retained the senior author to make surveys of the Catawba River prior to mill startup and to maintain surveillance of waste disposal operations and their effects on the river. The studies reported in this paper were made jointly with his colleague on the staff of the Department of Sanitary Engineering at the University of North Carolina, and with the help of graduate students of the department. The complex nature of problems encountered during the investigation required that unusually comprehensive studies be undertaken, including extensive use of statistical techniques for summarizing and evaluating stream data. This paper describes briefly the nature of the problem, the wastes treatment facilities, techniques employed for monitoring the receiving stream and evaluating the effects of plant wastes on the stream, and development of a planned program for operating the wastes disposal system. THE CATAWBA RIVER The mill occupies a site on the west bank of the Catawba River about 21 miles below Catawba Lake. A map of the area from Catawba Lake to Fishing Creek Reservoir is shown in Figure 1. This river is one of the most highly developed in the United States, with Duke Power Co. hydroelectric installations at dams and reservoirs throughout much of its length. The river is characterized by a relatively steep gradient. A profile from Catawba Dam to Fishing Creek dam is shown in Figure 2. For 12 miles below Catawba Dam the river drops about three ft per mile. For the next seven miles to the Bowaters site, and for another four miles to the head of Lands Ford, the river is much flatter, averaging about 1.4 ft drop per mile. Lands Ford constitutes a series of rapids with a drop of about 30 ft in three miles to 324 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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