page 95 |
Previous | 1 of 10 | Next |
|
|
Loading content ...
Some Effects of Copper on the Activated Sludge Process LEON S. DIRECTO, Sanitary Engineer Rackoff Associates Columbus, Ohio and EDWARD Q. MOULTON, Assistant Dean Graduate School The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Perhaps one of the least understood and at the same time extremely important areas of the waste treatment is that of toxicity. As an example of the lack of a fundamental understanding in this general subject one only has to observe the tremendous variations of "allowable levels" of various toxic substances in the local sewer codes throughout the country. However, to anyone familiar with the data on this subject available in the literature, this lack of uniformity is not surprising. While there had been a number of investigations accomplished dealing with some facets of the problem, the results reported are not only meager but also conflicting in nature. There are also large areas where no information is available. For instance, a survey of available literature reveals no specific information relating to intereffects of metallic ions or even the influence of operational variables, viz., organic loading and aeration tank suspended solids concentration on the toxic action of these ions. Investigations that had been undertaken so far and reported in the literature covered only the singular effects of selected metallic ions. Hence, much more apparently remains to be done in attempting to arrive at a better understanding of the probable mechanisms or interactions that may occur. In the previous work of the authors (1) an attempt was made to evaluate statistically the singular and intereffects of four metallic ions, copper, chromium, nickel, and cyanide commonly found in metal plating wastes on the activated sludge process. The research reported in this paper, however, was directed toward the evaluation of the response of a biological treatment process, the activated sludge process, to shock loadings of copper, under varying organic loadings (influent sewage concentration) and to suspended solids concentrations. A careful review of past researches on the subject of toxicity indicated in many cases the lack of adequate controls. In conducting a research program with any "biological system" there are inherently present a whole host of variables that have a direct influence on the process. The real challenge to the researchers is to design an experiment in such a way as to select and emphasize those variables that are of primary importance and to minimize the effects of the other variables that are not of direct importance. TEST UNITS The experimental units consisted of six identically-designed activated sludge pilot plants as shown in Figure 1. Each of these units is composed of four components; synthetic sewage container, aeration tank, secondary settling tank, composite sampler and other appurtenant apparatus such as - 95 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196210 |
Title | Some effects of copper on the activated sludge process |
Author |
Directo, Leon S. Moulton, Edward Q. |
Date of Original | 1962 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the seventeenth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/engext&CISOPTR=9369&REC=10 |
Extent of Original | p. 95-104 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-18 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 95 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Some Effects of Copper on the Activated Sludge Process LEON S. DIRECTO, Sanitary Engineer Rackoff Associates Columbus, Ohio and EDWARD Q. MOULTON, Assistant Dean Graduate School The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Perhaps one of the least understood and at the same time extremely important areas of the waste treatment is that of toxicity. As an example of the lack of a fundamental understanding in this general subject one only has to observe the tremendous variations of "allowable levels" of various toxic substances in the local sewer codes throughout the country. However, to anyone familiar with the data on this subject available in the literature, this lack of uniformity is not surprising. While there had been a number of investigations accomplished dealing with some facets of the problem, the results reported are not only meager but also conflicting in nature. There are also large areas where no information is available. For instance, a survey of available literature reveals no specific information relating to intereffects of metallic ions or even the influence of operational variables, viz., organic loading and aeration tank suspended solids concentration on the toxic action of these ions. Investigations that had been undertaken so far and reported in the literature covered only the singular effects of selected metallic ions. Hence, much more apparently remains to be done in attempting to arrive at a better understanding of the probable mechanisms or interactions that may occur. In the previous work of the authors (1) an attempt was made to evaluate statistically the singular and intereffects of four metallic ions, copper, chromium, nickel, and cyanide commonly found in metal plating wastes on the activated sludge process. The research reported in this paper, however, was directed toward the evaluation of the response of a biological treatment process, the activated sludge process, to shock loadings of copper, under varying organic loadings (influent sewage concentration) and to suspended solids concentrations. A careful review of past researches on the subject of toxicity indicated in many cases the lack of adequate controls. In conducting a research program with any "biological system" there are inherently present a whole host of variables that have a direct influence on the process. The real challenge to the researchers is to design an experiment in such a way as to select and emphasize those variables that are of primary importance and to minimize the effects of the other variables that are not of direct importance. TEST UNITS The experimental units consisted of six identically-designed activated sludge pilot plants as shown in Figure 1. Each of these units is composed of four components; synthetic sewage container, aeration tank, secondary settling tank, composite sampler and other appurtenant apparatus such as - 95 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Tags
Comments
Post a Comment for page 95