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Evaluation and Relative Resistance of Sixteen Species of Fish as Test Animals in Toxicity Bioassays of Petroleum Refinery Effluents NEIL H. DOUGLAS, Graduate Research Assistant and W. H. IRWIN, Professor of Zoology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma Natural waters have become increasingly polluted by a great variety of toxic agents. One of the chief contributors to water pollution is industry. Bioassayhas been and is being used as a means of measuring the effects of a toxicant upon animals. The need for toxicity bioassays has increased with increased pollution problems, resulting from new industries, new compounds and the increased demand for freshwater. Often effluents are of such a nature that it is impossible to measure chemically the components that are present. Fish have been used successfully as test animals when measuring the toxicity of industrial effluents. Many different fish have been used but comparative studies of their reactions to a particular toxicant are uncommon. The basic aspect of this report is concerned with the need for knowledge about the reactions of different species of fish when exposed to a particular toxicant. This paper is the second part of four, resulting from a joint research effort concerning the relativeresistance of fresh-water fish species to petroleum refinery effluents. Toxicity bioassays were made to establish the difference in the resistance or susceptibility of different species of fish to a toxic effluent. Petroleum refinery effluent was used as a source of toxicant. The effluent samples were obtained from a single petroleum refinery and their chemical nature was not determined or considered in the study. The over-all statistical design consisted of testing each species of fish four times with different concentrations of different effluent samples and the results of all species were compared with the results obtained from a common reference species used in all tests. The test fish were also evaluated, concerning their adaptability for use as toxicity indicators in bioassays. Evaluations included the availability and the reactions of the species in the laboratory before testing and in toxic solutions in the bioassays. Life history characteristics concerning each species of fish were studied to aid in establishing their value as a test species. Sixteen species of fish were used and all but one are represented in the fish fauna of the U. S. The exception is a non-native, tropical aquarium species, commonly found throughout North America in areas where environmental conditions are controlled. The species tested were: the goldfish, Carassius auratus(Lacepede); the carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus; the orange- throat darter, Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz); the brook stickleback, Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland); the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard); - 57 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196207 |
Title | Evaluation and relative resistance of sixteen species of fish as test animals in toxicity bioassays of petroleum refinery effluents |
Author |
Douglas, Neil H. Irwin, W. H. |
Date of Original | 1962 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the seventeenth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/engext&CISOPTR=9369&REC=10 |
Extent of Original | p. 57-76 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-05-18 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 57 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | Evaluation and Relative Resistance of Sixteen Species of Fish as Test Animals in Toxicity Bioassays of Petroleum Refinery Effluents NEIL H. DOUGLAS, Graduate Research Assistant and W. H. IRWIN, Professor of Zoology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma Natural waters have become increasingly polluted by a great variety of toxic agents. One of the chief contributors to water pollution is industry. Bioassayhas been and is being used as a means of measuring the effects of a toxicant upon animals. The need for toxicity bioassays has increased with increased pollution problems, resulting from new industries, new compounds and the increased demand for freshwater. Often effluents are of such a nature that it is impossible to measure chemically the components that are present. Fish have been used successfully as test animals when measuring the toxicity of industrial effluents. Many different fish have been used but comparative studies of their reactions to a particular toxicant are uncommon. The basic aspect of this report is concerned with the need for knowledge about the reactions of different species of fish when exposed to a particular toxicant. This paper is the second part of four, resulting from a joint research effort concerning the relativeresistance of fresh-water fish species to petroleum refinery effluents. Toxicity bioassays were made to establish the difference in the resistance or susceptibility of different species of fish to a toxic effluent. Petroleum refinery effluent was used as a source of toxicant. The effluent samples were obtained from a single petroleum refinery and their chemical nature was not determined or considered in the study. The over-all statistical design consisted of testing each species of fish four times with different concentrations of different effluent samples and the results of all species were compared with the results obtained from a common reference species used in all tests. The test fish were also evaluated, concerning their adaptability for use as toxicity indicators in bioassays. Evaluations included the availability and the reactions of the species in the laboratory before testing and in toxic solutions in the bioassays. Life history characteristics concerning each species of fish were studied to aid in establishing their value as a test species. Sixteen species of fish were used and all but one are represented in the fish fauna of the U. S. The exception is a non-native, tropical aquarium species, commonly found throughout North America in areas where environmental conditions are controlled. The species tested were: the goldfish, Carassius auratus(Lacepede); the carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus; the orange- throat darter, Etheostoma spectabile (Agassiz); the brook stickleback, Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland); the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard); - 57 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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