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The Effects of Temperature on the Incidence of Fluorosis in Rainbow Trout JOSEPH W. ANGELOVIC, Graduate Student WILLIAM F. SIGLER, Head JOHN M. NEUHOLD, Assistant Professor Department of Wildlife Management Utah State University Logan, Utah INTRODUCTION The prevalence of pollution of our natural waters today makes it important to know the relations of fish to toxic amounts of the materials being introduced into the aquatic environment. The addition of fluoride to domestic water supplies for prevention of dental caries has increased interest in the effects of.fluoride on the aquatic environment. Fluorides have been studied extensively over the past 20 years, but mostly concerning their effects on mammals. Fish have received minor attention in research. Fluorides occur naturally in many waters, especially in the western United States. These waters generally contain low concentrations of fluoride except in some instances such as the Firehole and Madison Rivers in Yellowstone National Park which contain from one to 14 ppm and Walker and Pyramid Lakes in Nevada which contain up to 13 ppm. Fluorides also enter the aquatic environment by leaching from super phosphate fertilizers in the soil and from natural occurring deposits of such minerals as fluorite, apatite, cryolite, and sedimentary phosphate rock. Other sources of fluoride are the waste products from such industries as metal refining plants, fertilizer plants, and ceramic plants. Another identity which can be lethal in the aquatic environment is temperature. Normally temperature increases speed-up or accentuates the toxic effects of other substances in the aquatic environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature on the toxicity of fluorides to rainbow trout as well as the effects of different temperature levels and varying fluoride concentrations on rainbow trout. Very little work has been done to date on the toxicities of fluorides to fish. Lethal levels of sodium fluoride for goldfish were determined by Ellis (1). Ellis indicates concentrations of 1,000 ppm fluoride killed goldfish in from 60 to 102 hrs in hard water. In soft water at 1,000 ppm the time to mortality ranged from 12 to 29 hrs. In hard water at 100 ppm Ellis (1) found no mortality in four days. DeRoos (2) attributes death of goldfish within four days to concentrations of 120 ppm fluoride. Neuhold and Sigler (3) state that in water low in calcium and magnesium, the LD 50 for rainbow trout falls between 2. 7 and 4.7 ppm fluoride, while the LD 50 for carp lies between 75 and 91 ppm of fluoride. Ellis et al. (4) thought that sodium fluoride had no immediate severe adverse effects, since goldfish lived 10 days or longer in water containing 200 ppm fluoride. - 496 -
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC196052 |
Title | Effects of temperature on the incidence of fluorosis in rainbow trout |
Author |
Angelovic, Joseph W. Sigler, William F. Neuhold, John M. |
Date of Original | 1960 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the fifteenth Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://earchives.lib.purdue.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/engext&CISOPTR=7908&REC=7 |
Extent of Original | p. 496-507 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-06-04 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page496 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | The Effects of Temperature on the Incidence of Fluorosis in Rainbow Trout JOSEPH W. ANGELOVIC, Graduate Student WILLIAM F. SIGLER, Head JOHN M. NEUHOLD, Assistant Professor Department of Wildlife Management Utah State University Logan, Utah INTRODUCTION The prevalence of pollution of our natural waters today makes it important to know the relations of fish to toxic amounts of the materials being introduced into the aquatic environment. The addition of fluoride to domestic water supplies for prevention of dental caries has increased interest in the effects of.fluoride on the aquatic environment. Fluorides have been studied extensively over the past 20 years, but mostly concerning their effects on mammals. Fish have received minor attention in research. Fluorides occur naturally in many waters, especially in the western United States. These waters generally contain low concentrations of fluoride except in some instances such as the Firehole and Madison Rivers in Yellowstone National Park which contain from one to 14 ppm and Walker and Pyramid Lakes in Nevada which contain up to 13 ppm. Fluorides also enter the aquatic environment by leaching from super phosphate fertilizers in the soil and from natural occurring deposits of such minerals as fluorite, apatite, cryolite, and sedimentary phosphate rock. Other sources of fluoride are the waste products from such industries as metal refining plants, fertilizer plants, and ceramic plants. Another identity which can be lethal in the aquatic environment is temperature. Normally temperature increases speed-up or accentuates the toxic effects of other substances in the aquatic environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature on the toxicity of fluorides to rainbow trout as well as the effects of different temperature levels and varying fluoride concentrations on rainbow trout. Very little work has been done to date on the toxicities of fluorides to fish. Lethal levels of sodium fluoride for goldfish were determined by Ellis (1). Ellis indicates concentrations of 1,000 ppm fluoride killed goldfish in from 60 to 102 hrs in hard water. In soft water at 1,000 ppm the time to mortality ranged from 12 to 29 hrs. In hard water at 100 ppm Ellis (1) found no mortality in four days. DeRoos (2) attributes death of goldfish within four days to concentrations of 120 ppm fluoride. Neuhold and Sigler (3) state that in water low in calcium and magnesium, the LD 50 for rainbow trout falls between 2. 7 and 4.7 ppm fluoride, while the LD 50 for carp lies between 75 and 91 ppm of fluoride. Ellis et al. (4) thought that sodium fluoride had no immediate severe adverse effects, since goldfish lived 10 days or longer in water containing 200 ppm fluoride. - 496 - |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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