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48 RESPIROMETRY AS A TOOL TO ASSESS EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN BIOREMEDIATION RESEARCH AND FIELD TESTING John R. Haines, Microbiologist U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 Edith L. Holder, Research Associate University of Cincinnati Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 Albert D. Venosa, Microbiologist U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 INTRODUCTION The grounding of the Exxon Valdez focused attention on the use of bioremediation as an alternative cleanup tool. Biological treatment processes can convert petroleum to relatively innocuous products such as biomass, C02, and water. Although treatment rates may be slow and not all components are completely degradable, microbial degradation has been shown to reduce the quantity of polluting oil and the overt toxicity of petroleum components.1"3 The biodegradation of oil has been studied and reviewed extensively, and the effects of environmental factors on petroleum degradation have been detailed.4-7 Although the interactions of different environmental factors have seldom been examined quantitatively, several broad generalizations can be made regarding the factors that affect the rate and extent of petroleum biodegradation. First, degradation is often slower at lower temperatures.18-9 Second, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron are frequently necessary to enhance degradation.7-I0~12 Molecular oxygen is usually required to support hydrocarbon degradation. Finally, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are quite common in the environment. Oligotrophic lake water amended with hexadecane showed maximal oxygen uptake with added N and P, demonstrating that hydrocarbon degraders are present even in relatively pristine waters.13 Similarly, a survey of hydrocarbon degradation over four seasons showed no effect of temperature on hydrocarbon degradation in previously polluted areas of fresh water lakes, but did in cleaner areas.14 These and other studies have shown the relative ubiquity of hydrocarbon- degrading bacteria. Assessment of biodegradability in the laboratory can be carried out by several methods. One can incubate test compounds under various conditions and analyze for disappearance of the compound. Increases in cell mass or number in response to the presence of a compound may also be assessed. Standard biochemical oxygen demand methods may also be used to measure biodegradability of a compound. Use of respirometry has proved useful for measurement of degradability of a variety of compounds under aerobic conditions.15"21 Respirometers have been used to measure degradability of oil, volatile organic compounds, low solubility organics, phenolic compounds, and toxic compounds. Measuring oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production can provide the researcher with both degradability and kinetic information with regard to single compounds or complex mixtures. Modern respirometers can provide data on oxygen uptake on a virtually instantaneous basis and C02 production frequently. 51st Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, 1996. Ann Arbor Press, Inc., Chelsea. Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 463
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC199648 |
Title | Respirometry as a tool to assess effects of environmental variables in bioremediation research and field testing |
Author |
Haines, John R. Holder, Edith L. Venosa, Albert D. |
Date of Original | 1996 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 51st Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,46351 |
Extent of Original | p. 463-472 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-10-27 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 463 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | 48 RESPIROMETRY AS A TOOL TO ASSESS EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN BIOREMEDIATION RESEARCH AND FIELD TESTING John R. Haines, Microbiologist U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 Edith L. Holder, Research Associate University of Cincinnati Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 Albert D. Venosa, Microbiologist U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 INTRODUCTION The grounding of the Exxon Valdez focused attention on the use of bioremediation as an alternative cleanup tool. Biological treatment processes can convert petroleum to relatively innocuous products such as biomass, C02, and water. Although treatment rates may be slow and not all components are completely degradable, microbial degradation has been shown to reduce the quantity of polluting oil and the overt toxicity of petroleum components.1"3 The biodegradation of oil has been studied and reviewed extensively, and the effects of environmental factors on petroleum degradation have been detailed.4-7 Although the interactions of different environmental factors have seldom been examined quantitatively, several broad generalizations can be made regarding the factors that affect the rate and extent of petroleum biodegradation. First, degradation is often slower at lower temperatures.18-9 Second, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron are frequently necessary to enhance degradation.7-I0~12 Molecular oxygen is usually required to support hydrocarbon degradation. Finally, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are quite common in the environment. Oligotrophic lake water amended with hexadecane showed maximal oxygen uptake with added N and P, demonstrating that hydrocarbon degraders are present even in relatively pristine waters.13 Similarly, a survey of hydrocarbon degradation over four seasons showed no effect of temperature on hydrocarbon degradation in previously polluted areas of fresh water lakes, but did in cleaner areas.14 These and other studies have shown the relative ubiquity of hydrocarbon- degrading bacteria. Assessment of biodegradability in the laboratory can be carried out by several methods. One can incubate test compounds under various conditions and analyze for disappearance of the compound. Increases in cell mass or number in response to the presence of a compound may also be assessed. Standard biochemical oxygen demand methods may also be used to measure biodegradability of a compound. Use of respirometry has proved useful for measurement of degradability of a variety of compounds under aerobic conditions.15"21 Respirometers have been used to measure degradability of oil, volatile organic compounds, low solubility organics, phenolic compounds, and toxic compounds. Measuring oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production can provide the researcher with both degradability and kinetic information with regard to single compounds or complex mixtures. Modern respirometers can provide data on oxygen uptake on a virtually instantaneous basis and C02 production frequently. 51st Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings, 1996. Ann Arbor Press, Inc., Chelsea. Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 463 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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