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31 EFFECT OF COAGULATION ON FOULING RATE AND CLEANABILITY OF ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES Weiming Ying, Research Associate Berrin Tansel, Assistant Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida International University University Park, Miami, Florida 33199 INTRODUCTION Membrane filtration process has recently received more and more importance in waste water treatment applications, such as volume reduction of aqueous wastes, recovery of precious chemicals from liquid industrial wastes, and purification of drinking water.'--3 Among the membrane filtration techniques, continuous cross-flow ultrafiltration (UF) is an innovative method to separate solid/liquid or liquid/liquid phases at a lower pressure of 5-150 psi compared to reverse osmosis (RO) in which the applied pressure is an order of magnitude higher.4 The application of UF to the removal of oil contaminants from oily wastewater streams has been extensively studied in theoretical aspects.58 The practical use of UF technology has been reported also in various circumstances.eg- 2-9-10 Recently, attempts have been made to combine processes of UF and other treatments for many applications. Watters et al. (1987) demonstrated the combination of emulsion solvent extraction and UF to remove toluene." Adham et al. (1991) used a bench-scale UF and powdered activated carbon to remove organic contaminants from groundwater.12 UF has also been reported to be combined with the emulsified ion exchangers and surfactants for the metal ion removal from aqueous solutions.1314 However, there is very little knowledge about the filtration process which combined coagulation and UF, and very few attempts have been made to apply coagulated UF to the treatment of fuel oil contaminated water. During the UF treatment of organic contaminants, especially for filtering oil contaminated water, rapid declines in flux will occur due to the membrane fouling.15 Oil as a foulant plays an important role in the flux decrease. However, there are very limited pretreatment processes which can effectively remove fuel oil from water and hence solve the fouling problem;16 besides, the addition of complicated pretreatment processes will make UF less cost-effective. Therefore, simple and effective methods need to be developed to reduce membrane fouling caused by oil foulant. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a simple method for reducing UF membrane fouling which is caused by fuel oils in feed water. In this simple method, a coagulant was added into the feed water contaminated by fuel oils during the cross-flow UF treatment (coagulated UF). In this investigation, turbidity and petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency, permeate flux and membrane fouling potential were evaluated by a series of batch experiments. The mechanisms by which the membrane fouling was significantly reduced by coagulation were discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrafiltration System The ultrafiltration experiments were conducted using a laboratory scale continuous cross-flow membrane filtration unit manufactured by Desalination Systems, Inc. (DSI). Schematic of the unit set-up is shown in Figure 1. Test water in feed tank first flows through a filter; if feed water 50th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings. 1995, Ann Arbor Press, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 285
Object Description
Purdue Identification Number | ETRIWC199531 |
Title | Effect of coagulation on fouling rate and cleanability of ultrafiltration membranes |
Author |
Ying, Weiming Tansel, Berrin |
Date of Original | 1995 |
Conference Title | Proceedings of the 50th Industrial Waste Conference |
Conference Front Matter (copy and paste) | http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/u?/engext,45474 |
Extent of Original | p. 285-296 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital object copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Date Digitized | 2009-11-24 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
Description
Title | page 285 |
Collection Title | Engineering Technical Reports Collection, Purdue University |
Repository | Purdue University Libraries |
Rights Statement | Digital copyright Purdue University. All rights reserved. |
Language | eng |
Type (DCMI) | text |
Format | JP2 |
Capture Device | Fujitsu fi-5650C |
Capture Details | ScandAll 21 |
Transcript | 31 EFFECT OF COAGULATION ON FOULING RATE AND CLEANABILITY OF ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES Weiming Ying, Research Associate Berrin Tansel, Assistant Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida International University University Park, Miami, Florida 33199 INTRODUCTION Membrane filtration process has recently received more and more importance in waste water treatment applications, such as volume reduction of aqueous wastes, recovery of precious chemicals from liquid industrial wastes, and purification of drinking water.'--3 Among the membrane filtration techniques, continuous cross-flow ultrafiltration (UF) is an innovative method to separate solid/liquid or liquid/liquid phases at a lower pressure of 5-150 psi compared to reverse osmosis (RO) in which the applied pressure is an order of magnitude higher.4 The application of UF to the removal of oil contaminants from oily wastewater streams has been extensively studied in theoretical aspects.58 The practical use of UF technology has been reported also in various circumstances.eg- 2-9-10 Recently, attempts have been made to combine processes of UF and other treatments for many applications. Watters et al. (1987) demonstrated the combination of emulsion solvent extraction and UF to remove toluene." Adham et al. (1991) used a bench-scale UF and powdered activated carbon to remove organic contaminants from groundwater.12 UF has also been reported to be combined with the emulsified ion exchangers and surfactants for the metal ion removal from aqueous solutions.1314 However, there is very little knowledge about the filtration process which combined coagulation and UF, and very few attempts have been made to apply coagulated UF to the treatment of fuel oil contaminated water. During the UF treatment of organic contaminants, especially for filtering oil contaminated water, rapid declines in flux will occur due to the membrane fouling.15 Oil as a foulant plays an important role in the flux decrease. However, there are very limited pretreatment processes which can effectively remove fuel oil from water and hence solve the fouling problem;16 besides, the addition of complicated pretreatment processes will make UF less cost-effective. Therefore, simple and effective methods need to be developed to reduce membrane fouling caused by oil foulant. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a simple method for reducing UF membrane fouling which is caused by fuel oils in feed water. In this simple method, a coagulant was added into the feed water contaminated by fuel oils during the cross-flow UF treatment (coagulated UF). In this investigation, turbidity and petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency, permeate flux and membrane fouling potential were evaluated by a series of batch experiments. The mechanisms by which the membrane fouling was significantly reduced by coagulation were discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrafiltration System The ultrafiltration experiments were conducted using a laboratory scale continuous cross-flow membrane filtration unit manufactured by Desalination Systems, Inc. (DSI). Schematic of the unit set-up is shown in Figure 1. Test water in feed tank first flows through a filter; if feed water 50th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings. 1995, Ann Arbor Press, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118. Printed in U.S.A. 285 |
Resolution | 300 ppi |
Color Depth | 8 bit |
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